(A)Change in pH affects chromates and dichromates. Explain with equations. (B)Transition elements are less reactive than alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. 2.Why is the first ionization enthalpy of 5d series elements higher than that of 3d and 4d series elements? 3.Why are Mn2+ compounds more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation to their +3 state? 4.Why is the third ionization energy of Manganese (Mn) so high? 5.(i) The transition metals (with the exception of Zn, Cd and Hg) are hard and have high melting and boiling points. (ii) The ionization enthalpies (first and second) in the first series of the transition elements are found to vary irregularly. 6.What is Lanthanoid contraction? What are its two consequences? 7.(i) Transition metals and their compounds generally exhibit a paramagnetic behaviour. (ii) The chemistry of actinoids is not so smooth as that of lanthanoids. 8.Complete the following chemical equations (A)MnO4(aq) + S2O32- (aq) + H2O(l)→ (B)Cr2O72- (aq) + Fe2+ (aq) + H+ (aq) → 9.Explain the following observations: (A)Generally there is an increase in density of elements from titanium (Z = 22) to copper (Z = 29) in the first series of transition elements. (B)Transition elements and their compounds are generally found to be good catalysts in chemical reactions. 10.Why actinoid contraction is more than lanthanoid contraction? 11. Give the preparation of KMnO4 and write its uses. 12.Draw the shapes of MnO4- and Cr2O72- 13.Differentiate between lanthanoid and actinoids 14. Give the electronic configuration of Gd. 15. Tell the variation of atomic and ionic radii in 3 d transition series.