d & f Block Revision Worksheets

d & f Block Questions Based on CBSE Pattern
1. Why does a transition series contain 10 elements?

2. How many elements are present in the d-block of the periodic table?
3. How many transition series of elements are there in the periodic table. Name them?
4. On what basis can you say that scandium (Z = 21) is a transition element but zinc (Z = 30) is not?
5. Name the elements which are not really transition elements but are discussed with them. Why is it so?
6. Which of the transition metals do not show metallic property?
7. Why maxima of enthalpy of atomisation occur at about middle of each transition series?
8. Why is the Eº value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple much more positive than that for Cr3+/Cr2+ or Fe3+/ Fe2+. Explain.
9. Why is the highest oxidation state of a metal exhibited in its oxide or fluoride only?
10. Calculate the ‘spin only’ magnetic moment of M2+ (aq) ion (Z = 27).
11. Write all possible oxidation states of an element having atomic number 25.
12. Why Cr, Mn, and Fe have nearly the same atomic radii?
13. Why is Cr2+ reducing and Mn3+ oxidising when both have d4 configuration?
14. Name a transition element which does not show variable oxidation state?
15. Which of the 3d series of transition metals exhibits the largest number of oxidation states and why?
16. Copper (I) compounds are white and diamagnetic while copper (II) compounds are coloured and paramagnetic.
Explain?
17. Give examples of catalytic activity and formation of coloured ions.
18. What are interstitial compounds? Why are such compounds well known for transition metals?
19. Write the chemical equations when : (i) KMnO4 is heated (ii) K2Cr2O7 is heated.
20. What happens when K2Cr2O7 is heated with sodium chloride and concentrated H2SO4 ?
21. The +3 oxidation states of lanthanum (Z = 57), gadolinium (Z = 64) and lutetium (Z = 71) are especially stable. Why.
22. Briefly explain why electronic configurations of lanthanoids are not known with certainty.
23. Which out of two, La(OH)3 and Lu(OH)3, is more basic and why?
24. Why is the separation of lanthanide elements difficult?
25. Among the ionic species, Sc3+, Ce4+ and Eu2+, which one is good oxidising agent. Give a suitable reason for your answer.
(Atomic numbers: Sc = 21, Ce = 58, Eu = 63)
26. Explain why lanthanoids are paramagnetic in nature.
27. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Size of trivalent lanthanoid cations decrease with increase in atomic number.
(ii) Chemistry of all the lanthanoids is quite similar.
28. Compare the chemistry of actinoids with that of lanthanoids with special reference to
(i) electronic configuration (ii) oxidation state
(iii) atomic and ionic sizes (iv) chemical reactivity
29. Which is the last element in the series of the actinoids ? Write the electronic configuration of this element. Comment on
the possible oxidation state of this element.
30. What is the importance of the complexes formed by transition elements?
31. Name few important catalysts mentioning their use in the related reactions.
32. Why does Mn(II) show maximum paramagnetic character amongst the bivalent ions of the first transition series?
33. Why Zn2+ salts are white while Ni2+ salts are blue?
34. Why do transition elements show variable oxidation state?
35. The melting and boiling points of Zn, Cd and Hg are low. Why?
36. Explain why transition elements have many irregularities in their electronic configuration?
37. Which out of the following is(are) transition element/s and why?
Zn, Ag, Cd, Au.
38. (a) Of the ions Ag+, Co2+ and Ti4+ , which one will be coloured in aqueous solutions?
(Atomic numbers Ag = 47, Co = 27, Ti = 22).
(b) If each one of the above ionic species is in turn placed in a magnetic field, how will it respond and why?
39. In the titration of Fe2+ ions with KMnO4 in acidic medium, why dilute H2SO4 is used and not dilute HCl?
40. Give reasons for each of the following:
(i) Size of trivalent lanthanoid cations decreases with increase in the atomic number.
(ii) Transition metal fluorides are ionic in nature whereas bromides and chlorides are usually covalent in nature.
(iii) Chemistry of all the lanthanoids is quite similar.
41. The outer electronic configurations of two members of the lanthanoid series are as follows:
4f 1 5d1 6s 2 and 4f 7 5d 0 6s 2
What are their atomic numbers? Predict the oxidation states exhibited by these elements in their compounds.
42. Write the electronic configuration of Gadolinium (Z = 64) and its most stable oxidation states.
43. Explain the following observations:
(i) Generally there is an increase in density of elements from titanium (Z = 22) to copper (Z = 29) in the first
series of transition elements.
(ii) Transition elements and their compound are generally found to be good catalysts in chemical reactions.
44. How would you account for the following?
 The atomic radii of the metals of the third(5d) series of transition elements are virtually the same as those of
the corresponding members of the second (4d) series.
d & f-Block Elements Solved Questions Based on CBSE Pattern
1. Why do transition metals exhibit higher enthalpies of atomisation?

2. Why is Cr2+ reducing and Mn3+ oxidising when both have d4 configuration?
3. Why is the Eº values for Mn3+/Mn2+ couple much more positive than for Cr3+/Cr2+ or Fe3+/Fe2+ ?
4. Which of the 3d series of the transition metals exhibits the largest number of oxidation states and why?
5. Explain briefly how +2 state becomes more and more stable in the first half of the first row transition elements with
increasing atomic number.
6. In what way is the electronic configuration of transition elements different from that of the non-transition elements?
7. Compare the chemistry of actinoids with that of lanthanoids with special reference to
(i) Electronic configuration (ii) oxidation state (iii) atomic and ionic sizes
8. The chemistry of the actinoid elements is not so smooth as that of the lanthanoids. Justify this statement by giving some
examples from the oxidation state of these elements.
SOLUTIONS - QUESTIONS BASED ON CBSE PATTERN
1. Enthalpy of atomisation is the amount of heat required to break the metal lattice to get free atoms. As transition metals
contain a large number of unpaired electrons, they have strong interatomic attractions (metallic bonds). Hence, they
have high enthalpies of atomisation.
2. Cr2+ has the configuration 3d4. It can lose electron to form Cr3+ which has the stable 3d3 configuration (as it has half-
filled t2g level. Hence, it is reducing. On the other hand, Mn3+ also has 3d4 configuration but it can gain electron to form
Mn2+ which has stable 3d5 configuration (as it is exactly half-filled). Hence, it is oxidizing.
Alternatively, Eº value for Cr3+/Cr2+ is negative (–0.41 V) whereas Eº value for Mn3+/Mn2+ is positive (+1.57 V).
Hence, Cr2+ ion can easily undergo oxidation to give Cr3+ ion and, therefore, acts as strong reducing agent whereas Mn3+
can easily undergo reduction to give Mn2+ and hence acts as oxidizing agent.
3. The large positive Eº value for Mn3+/Mn2+ shows that Mn2+ is much more stable than Mn3+. This is due to the fact that
Mn2+ has the configuration 3d5 which is half-filled and hence is very stable. Thus, the third ionization energy of Mn
will be very high. In fact, this is the reason that +3 state of Mn is of little importance.
4. Manganese (Z = 25) shows maximum number of oxidation states. This is because its electronic configuration is 3d 5 4s2.
As 3d and 4s are close in energy, it has maximum number of electrons to lose or share (as all the 3d electrons are
unpaired). Hence, it shows oxidation states from +2 to +7 (+2, +3, +4, +5, +6 and +7) which is the maximum number.
5. Except scandium (which shows an oxidation state of +3), all other first row transition elements show an oxidation state
of +2. This is due to loss of two 4s electrons. In the first half, as we move from Ti2+ to Mn2+, the electronic
configuration changes from 3d2 to 3d5, i.e., more and more of d-orbitals are half-filled imparting greater and greater
stability to +2 state. In the second half, i.e., Fe2+ to Zn2+, the electronic configuration changes from 3d6 to 3d10,
i.e., electrons in the 3d orbitals pair up and the number of half-filled orbital decreases. Hence, the stability of
+2 state decreases.
6. Transition elements contain incompletely filled d-subshell, i.e., their electronic configuration is (n – 1) d 1–10 ns0–2
whereas non-transition elements have no d-subshell or their d-subshell is completely filled and have ns1–2 or ns2 p1–6 in
their outermost shell.
7. (i) Electronic configuration. The general electronic configuration of lanthanoids is [Xe]54 4f1–14 5d0–1 6s2 whereas
that of actinoids is [Rn]86 5f1–14 6d0–1 7s2. Thus, lanthanoids belong to 4f-series whereas actinoids
belong to 5f-series.
(ii) Oxidation states. Lanthanoids show limited oxidation states (+2, +3, +4) out of which +3 is most common.
This is because of large energy gap between 4 f and 5d subshells. On the other hand, actinoids show a large
number of oxidation states because of small energy gap between 5f, 6d and 7s subshells.
(iii) Atomic and ionic sizes. Both show decrease in size of their atoms or ions in + 3 oxidation state.
In lanthanoids, the decrease is called lanthanoid contraction whereas in actinoids, it is called actinoid
contraction. However, the contraction is greater from element to element in actionoids due to poorer shielding
by 5f electrons than that by 4f electrons in lanthanoids.
8. Lanthanoids show limited number of oxidation state, viz., +2, +3 and +4 (out of which +3 is most common). This is
because of large energy gap between 4f and 5d subshells. The dominant oxidation state of actinoids is also +3 but they
show a number of other oxidation states also, e.g., uranium (Z = 92) and plutonium (Z = 94), show +3, +4, +5 and +7
etc. This is due to small energy difference between 5f, 6d and 7s subshells of the actinoids.

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d & f Block Questions Based on CBSE Pattern

1. Why does a transition series contain 10 elements?

d & f-Block Elements Solved Questions Based on CBSE Pattern

1. Why do transition metals exhibit higher enthalpies of atomisation?

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