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    Lecture (1) - Differential Calculus-1

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    Lecture (1) - Differential Calculus-1

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    6 views61 pages

    Lecture (1) - Differential Calculus-1

    Uploaded by

    awady862

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Mathematics for

    Mechatronics Students
    Prepared by
    Dr. Maged M. Kassab
    Differential Calculus
    Function
     A function f is a rule that assigns to each element x in a
    set D exactly one element, called y , in a set E .

     We usually consider functions for which the sets D and


    E are sets of real numbers. The D set is called the
    domain of the function while E is called the range.

     The Domain D is the set of all possible values of x, while


    the range of f is the set of all possible values of f(x) as x
    varies throughout the domain.
    Function
    Domain of a Function
    Domain of a function f (x) can be defined as
    the set of all possible and allowed values of
    the variable x
    Domain of a Function
    Vertical Line Test
    Symmetry “Even and Odd Functions”
    • If a function satisfies f(-x)=f(x) for every
    number in its domain, then f(x) is called an
    even function. For instance, the function
    f(x)=x2, is an even function

    • If a function satisfies f(-x)=-f(x) for every


    number in its domain, then f(x) is called an
    even function. For instance, the function
    f(x)=x3, is an odd function
    Symmetry “Even and Odd Functions”
    Symmetry “Even and Odd Functions”
    EXAMPLE
    Determine whether each of the following
    functions is even, odd, or neither even nor
    odd.
    Symmetry “Even and Odd Functions”
    Solution:
    INCREASING AND DECREASING
    FUNCTIONS
    INCREASING AND DECREASING
    FUNCTIONS
    ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
    PIECEWISE DEFINED FUNCTIONS
    The functions in the following four examples are
    defined by different formulas in different parts of
    their domains
    ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
    Function Of The Absolute Value
    ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
    Linear Function
    When we say that y is a linear function of x, we
    mean that the graph of the function is a line, so we
    can use the slope-intercept form of a line
    𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
    Where m is the slope of the line and b is the y-
    intercept.
    ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
    Polynomials
    A function is called a polynomial if

    Where n is a non-negative integer and the a1,


    a2, …an are constants. The domain of the
    polynomial function is R , the set of all real
    values
    ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
    RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
    ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
    ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS
    A function is called an algebraic function if it can
    be constructed using algebraic operations (such as
    addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and
    taking roots) starting with polynomials. Any
    rational function is automatically an algebraic
    function. Here are two more examples:
    ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
    TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
    ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
    Power Functions
    A function of the form f(x)= xa, where a is a
    constants is called a power function. We consider
    several cases in figure
    ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
    Exponential Function
    The exponential functions are the functions of the
    form f(x)=ax, where the base a is a positive
    constant.
    ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
    ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
    Logarithmic Functions
    The logarithmic functions 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 (𝑥) , where
    the base a is a positive constant, are the inverse
    functions of the exponential functions.
    The Limit of a function
    The Limit of a function
    The Limit of a function
    Existence of the Limits
    The Limit of a function
    Existence of the Limits
    The Limit of a function
    Existence of the Limits
    The Limit of a function
    Existence of the Limits
    The Limit of a function
    Infinite Limits
    The Limit of a function
    Infinite Limits
    The Limit of a function
    Infinite Limits
    The Limit of a function
    Infinite Limits
    The Limit of a function
    Infinite Limits
    The Limit of a function
    Infinite Limits
    The Limit of a function
    Infinite Limits
    The Limit of a function
    Infinite Limits
    Calculating Limits
    Using Limits Laws
    Calculating Limits
    Calculating Limits
    Calculating Limits
    Calculating Limits
    Calculating Limits
    Calculating Limits
    Using Direct substitution
    Calculating Limits
    Using Direct substitution
    Calculating Limits
    By Simplifying the Function
    Calculating Limits
    By Rationalization
    Calculating Limits
    Using Squeezing (Sandwich) Theorem
    Calculating Limits
    Using Squeezing (Sandwich) Theorem
    Calculating Limits
    Using Squeezing (Sandwich) Theorem
    Calculating Limits
    Using Squeezing (Sandwich) Theorem
    Calculating Limits
    Calculating Limits
    Using Squeezing (Sandwich) Theorem
    CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION
    CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION
    CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION
    CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION
    CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION
    CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION
    ‫ش ـ ـ ـ ــكراً لح ـ ــسن المتاب ــعة‬

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