Unit

TOURISM
8

PART 1: GRAMMAR REVIEW

I. INDEFINITE ARTICLES: A/ AN
- An đứng trước 1 danh từ đếm được số ít bắt đầu bằng 1 nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i).
- A đứng trước danh từ đếm được số ít bắt đầu bằng 1 phụ âm.
1. A/ An được dùng trước:

- Danh từ đếm được, số ít. Ex: a doctor, a bag, an animal, an hour.......

*An: đứng trước nguyên âm hoặc “h” câm. Ex: an animal, an hour.......
- Trong các cấu trúc:
so + adj + a/an + noun Ex:
such + a/an + noun - It‟s such a beautiful picture.
as + adj + a/an + noun + as - She is as pretty a girl as her sister.
How + adj + a/an + noun + verb! - How beautiful a girl you are!
- Chỉ một người được đề cập qua tên. Ex: A Mrs. Blue sent you this letter.
- Trước các danh từ trong ngữ đồng vị. Ex: Nguyen Du, a great poet, wrote that novel.
- Trong các cụm từ chỉ số lượng. Ex: a pair, a couple, a lot of, a little, a few, a
large/great number of..........

2. A/ An không được dùng:

ONE được sử dụng thay A/An để nhấnEx: There is a book on the table, but one is not mạnh.enough.
Trước danh từ không đếm được.Ex: Coffee is also a kind of drink.
Trước các danh từ đếm được số nhiều.Ex: Dogs are faithful animals.

II. DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE

1. THE được dùng trước:

- Những vật duy nhất Ex: the sun, the moon, the world....
- Các danh từ được xác nhận bởi cụm tính
- The house with green fence is hers.
từ hoặc mệnh đề tính từ
- The man that we met has just come.
- Các danh từ được xác
Ex: Finally, the writer killed himself.
định qua ngữ cảnh hoặc
được đề cập trước đó - I have a book and an eraser. The book is now
on the table.
- Các danh từ chỉ sự giải trí ... Ex: the theater, the concert
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Trước tên các tàu thuyền, máy bay Ex: The Titanic was a great ship.
Các sông, biển, đại dương, dãy núi Ex: the Mekong River, the Pacific Ocean, the
Himalayas
Một nhóm các đảo hoặc quốc gia Ex: the Philippines, the United States
Tính từ dùng như danh từ tập hợp Ex: You should help the poor.
Trong so sánh nhất Ex: Nam is the cleverest in his class. Ex: The Blacks, The B
Tên người ở số nhiều (chỉ gia đình) Ex: in the morning, in the street, in the water .. Ex: the firs
Các danh từ đại diện cho 1 loài Ex: the next, the following, the last...
Các hạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Số thứ tự
Chuỗi thời gian hoặc không gian

2. THE không dùng được

- Trước các danh từ số nhiều nói chung Ex: They build houses near the hall.
- Danh từ trừu tượng, không đếm được Ex: Independence is a happy thing.
- Các danh từ chỉ màu sắc Ex: Red and white make pink.
- Các môn học Ex: Math is her worst subject.
- Các vật liệu, kim loại Ex: Steel is made from iron.
- Các tên nước, châu lục, thành phố Ex: Ha Noi is the capital of VietNam.
- Các chức danh, tên người Ex: President Bill Clinton, Ba, Nga
- Các bữa ăn, món ăn, thức ăn Ex: We have rice and fish for dinner.
- Các trò chơi, thể thao Ex: Football is a popular sport in VN.
- Các loại bệnh tật Ex: Cold is a common disease.
- Ngôn ngữ, tiếng nói Ex: English is being used everywhere.
- Các kỳ nghi, lễ hội Ex: Tet, Christmas, Valentine...
- Các mũi đất (nhô ra biển, hồ, núi) Ex: Cape Horn, Lake Than Tho, Mount Cam,
Mount Rushmore....
*But: the Cape of Good Hope, the Great Lake,
the Mount of Olive....

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 PART 2: PRACTICE

A. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part.
1. A. magnificent B. delay C. bank D. travel
2. A. checkout B. erode C. exotic D. decision
3. A. reasonable B. resort C. season D. excursion
4. A. safari B. stalagmite C. lag D. package
5. A. explore B. environment C. resort D. expedition

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. safari B. breathtaking C. traveller D. sightseeing
2. A. vacation B. delicious C. excursion D. holiday
3. A. original B. stimulating C. imperial D. geography
4. A. magnificence B. destination C. affordable D. accessible
5. A. habitat B. addition C. fantastic D. discover

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. Fill in each blank in the sentences with the correct word from the box. Some words can be
used more than once.

tour voyage flight

trip travel journey cruise

1. For general advice about , go to a travel agent.

2. One day I would like to do the by train and ship across Russia to Japan.
3. We are going on a of Europe, visiting 11 countries in five weeks.
4. We went on a three-week round the Mediterranean. The ship stopped at
Venice, Athens, Istanbul and Alexandria.
5. He once went by ship to Australia. The took 4 weeks.
6. My father is going on a business to Ha Noi next week.
7. Vietnam Airlines VN507 from Ha Noi to Tokyo will be taking off in ten
minutes.
8. The from Heathrow Airport to the centre of London takes about 45 minutes by
underground.
9. On our first day in New York we went on a three-hour of the city by bus.
10. During our stay in London we went on a day to Oxford and another to
Windsor.

II. Complete the sentences with a, an, the, or zero article (Ø).
1. John and Mary went to school yesterday and then studied in library
before returning home.
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2. Lake Erie is one of five great Lakes in North America.
3. On our trip to Spain, we crossed Atlantic Ocean.
4. Mount Rushmore is the site of magnificent tribute to four
great American presidents.
5. What did you eat for breakfast this morning?
6. David played basketball and baseball at Boy‟s club
this year.
7. Rita plays violin and her sister plays guitar.
8. While we were in Alaska, we saw Eskimo village.
9. Ton can‟t go to movies tonight because he has to write essay.
10. David attended Princeton University.ư

III. Choose the correct answers A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. What do you think of public transport in Ha Noi?
A. Ø – Ø B. a – a C. a – Ø D. the – Ø
2. Parking is very difficult in city centre, so my father always goes there by bus.
A. the – Ø B. the – the C. a – a D. a – Ø
3. Secondary schools offer a wide of subjects.
A. field B. scope C. list D. range
4. If you don't know the language, you may have to use language.
A. hand B. gesture C. head D. signal
5. The government has recently the buildings in the old section of the city.
A. reformed B. adjusted C. restored D. modified
6. When she came , she found herself in hospital.
A. round B. off C. over D. out
7. You'll have to go for an interview tomorrow, but don‟t worry. It‟s just a .
A. form B format C. formation D. formality
8. Since the of the motor car, road accidents have increased dramatically.
A. approach B. inauguration C. initiation D. advert
9. I must have browsed through hundreds of , but I have no idea where to go for
this year holiday.
A. booklets B. yellow pages C. brochures D. propaganda
10. It‟s possible to supplement one‟s by taking a part-time job.
A. income B. earning C. gaining D. attainment
11. I was in the book I was reading and didn‟t hear the phone.
A. engrossed B. submerged C. gripped D. distracted
12. He couldn‟t his father that he was telling the truth.
A. admit B. confide C. trust D. convince
13. It was difficult to guess what her to the news would be.
A. feelings B. reaction C. capital D. opinion

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14. Eight o‟clock is good time to phone Nick: he‟s always at home in
evening.
A. Ø – the B. a – the C. a - Ø D. a – an
15. Does it take long time to get to city centre?
A. Ø – the B. a – a C. a – the D. the – the

C. READING
I. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank.
The Maldives are a group of very small islands in the Indian Ocean, near Sri Lanka. It has the
smallest (1) of any Asian countries. There are about 1200 islands and there are
people living on 200 of them. About 400,000 people live in the Maldives and 75,000 of them are
(2) the capital island, Mai... Mai... is different from the other islands in the Maldives
because it doesn‟t have any beaches. In fact, there is a small wall (3) goes
around the whole island.
It is very easy to get around the islands. When you (4) on the airport island,
you can take a dhoni and go to Mai... This is a small boat used for (5) around the
islands. Dhoni taxis go from the airport island to the capital island every fifteen minutes and (6)
midnight every half an hour. You can use these boats to visit other islands, too.
The Maldives are a popular place for scuba diving (7) there are many wonderful
fish in the water to see. Also, the water is very clear so when you are (8) you can see
for more than 50 metres! There are many professional diving schools with instructors. They
speak many languages, so you can (9) someone to help you. Of course, that‟s not
all you can do on these beautiful islands. You can go (10) whale and dolphin,
fishing, surfing, snorkeling, hiking or explore the towns.
1. A. population B. nation C. area D. inhabitant
2. A. in B. on C. above D. at
3. A. who B. where C. it D. that
4. A. depart B. travel C. arrive D. leave
5. A. education B. production C. transportation D. translation
6. A. at B. after C. on D. before
7. A. although B. furthermore C. however D. because
8. A. undersea B. underlevel C. underwater D. Underneath
9. A. find B. see C. look D. hold
10. A. playing B. watching C. hearing D. catching

II. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the suitable words in the box.
Trawl and tourism are very (1) to millions of people over the world. In
every country you (2) find people that work in travel and tourism. Some
countries need the money (3) tourism to help their people survive. It is (4)
for these places that travel and tourism continue to expand and bring money to
their regions.
However, travel and tourism have negative (5) . Planes, buses, boats and
other means of (6) that carry travellers and tourist cause pollution. Moreover, some
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people do things on a holiday they would never think (7) doing at home. For
example, many travellers use a lot of water and electricity when they stay in hotels.
They forget to turn off the (8) or even leave televisions and air
conditioning units on when they leave the room. On top of that, it is often difficult or impossible
(9) travellers to recycle items, so they end up leaving large amounts of waste
behind. That‟s (10) it is important for people to travel wisely and respect the
places they visit.

III. Read the passage and answer the questions.

In 1761, an artificial waterway opened. It joined a coal-mining area with the port of
Manchester. This was England‟s first man-made waterway, or „canal‟. Soon the price of coal in
this part of the country went down, and the owner of the Bridgewater canal became rich.
In the late 18th century landowners and businessmen built many new canals to make money.
There was no canal plan for the country, but the canals completely changed the transport of
heavy goods in England. Prices of factory goods went down because transport cost less than
before. One horse could now pull 50 tons on a canal boat. Before, it could pull less than one ton
on a road cart. The canal network was a very important part of the Industrial Revolution in
Britain, but canals had only a short life. In the mid 19th century, the new railways became the
most modern form of transport.
The men who built the canals were called „navvies‟. They moved around country in groups
from canal to canal. Ordinary people did not like the navvies, because they wore strange clothes,
had no real homes, and because they often drank too much beer.
The Nottingham and Beeston Canal had two parts. It opened in 1796 and was an important
six-mile link in the Trent Navigation - a system of canals and rivers which joined the Midlands
with the River Humber and the port of Hull. This carried goods from inland factories to the sea.
Now it is no longer a working canal. It is a place for people who like walking or fishing.
1. Why did the price of coal round Manchester decrease?

2. Why didn‟t people like the canal builders?

3. What did the boats on this canal carry?

4. Why was the waterway from Midland to Hull important?

5. Why did the network of canals become less important in a short time?

D. WRITING
I. Combine two sentences into one, using the connectives from the list: and, but, because,
so, therefore, or, moreover, however, if, when, unless.
1. You can‟t borrow my dictionary. You bring it back on Monday.

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2. The cost of installation is very high. Solar domestic heating systems are economical to use.

3. Solar panels are placed on the roof of a house. The Sun‟s energy is used to heat water.

4. I don‟t agree with a lot of his teaching methods. He is a good teacher.

5. We‟d better not waste water. We won‟t have enough to drink sooner or later.

6. The house is quite beautiful. The cost is not too high.

7. Do you want to study more? Do you want to look for a job?

8. You can go home. You‟ve finished this exercise.

9. I don‟t get many opportunities to practise my English. I find it difficult to remember everything I
study.

10. I‟m practising speaking English a lot. I don‟t want to fail in the oral test.

II. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the
sentence printed before it.
1. I am terribly sorry, I thought you were a friend of Anna‟s.
I took ................................................................................................................................
2. Although she was busy, she managed to find the time to proofread for me.
Busy .................................................................................................................................
3. I would prefer you do computer science.
I‟d rather ..........................................................................................................................
4. He didn‟t get his visa until last Monday.
It was
...............................................................................................................................
5. They continued to say that I was to blame.
They persisted ..................................................................................................................
6. Vietnamese coffee is considered to be one of the best in the world.
Vietnamese coffee ............................................................................................................
7. If you asked me well in advance, I‟ll be willing to work overtime.
Provided you ....................................................................................................................
8. She listens more sympathetically than anyone else I know.
She is a .............................................................................................................................
9. This is the best essay I have ever written.
Never ..............................................................................................................................
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10. I assumed that she would learn how to take shorthand after this course.
I took
it .............................................................................................................................

III. Use the words or phrases given to write meaningful sentences.

1. Tourism development/ lead/ soil erosion/ pollution/ waste.

2. Tourism/ contribute/ increasing carbon footprint/ stress/ ecosystems.

3. The infrastructure/ tourist spot/ not/ satisfy/ great demand/ during/ peak season.

4. Tourists/ cause/ significant effect/ local habitats/ especially/ country.

5. Tourists/ be aware/ damage/ they/ cause/ and/ tourism authorities/ take measures/ solve/
problems.

6. First/ tourism/ create/ jobs/ tourism industry/ and/ other sectors/ such/ retail and
transportation.

7. However/ jobs/ created/ tourism/ often seasonal/ and/ poorly paid.

8. Second/ tourism/ encourage/ preservation/ traditional customs/ handicrafts/ festivals/ but/

interaction/ tourists/ also lead/ erosion/ traditional cultures/ values.

9. Finally/ ecotourism/ help/ conservation/ wildlife/ generating funds/ maintaining national

park.

10. Nevertheless/ it/ also cause/ pollution/ through traffic emissions/ littering/ noise.

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part.
1. A. host B. honor C. hockey D. horror
2. A. badminton B. swallow C. challenge D. ballet

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3. A. teammate B. reading C. creating D. seaside
4. A. athlete B. author C. length D. southern
5. A. touch B. foul C. account D. mount
6. A. lose B. vote C. control D. social
7. A. rear B. bear C. gear D. year
8. A. please B. peace C. seat D. spread
9. A. deny B. emotion C. respect D. better
10. A. overlooks B. beliefs C. towards D. rights

II. Complete the sentences with a, an, the, or zero article (Ø).
1. Harry has been admitted to School of Medicine at mid western university.
2. Mel‟s grandmother is in hospital, so we went to visit her last night.
3. political science class is taking trip to France in
Spring.
4. Queen Elizabeth II is monarch of Great Britain.
5. Scientists sent expedition to Mars during 1990s.
6. Last night there was bird singing outside my house.
7. chair that you are sitting in is broken.
8. Civil War was fought in United States between 1861 and 1865.
9. Florida State University is smaller than University of Florida.
10. There was knock on door, I opened it and found small dark
man in blue overcoat and woolen cap.

III. Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting.
1. If a drop of oil is placed in a glass of water, it would float to the top.
A B C D
2. The Tuoi Tre is a daily newspaper that is wide read by both teenagers and adults.
A B C D
3. My parents wouldn‟t let me staving up late when I was a
child. A B C D
4. Her children are used to picking up after school every day. They don‟t have to walk
home. A B C D
5. I‟m usually right about the weather, amn‟t
I? A B CD
6. Could I change seats with you? I‟d like sitting next to my
friends. A B C D
7. Watch television to the exclusion of all other activities is not a healthy habit for a
growing A B C D
child.
8. Hans is only fourteen, but he seems enough old to stay out until
ten. A B C D
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9. I think that‟s an interesting thought, isn‟t
that? A B C D
10. Greeting enough sleep is important in order not fall asleep is class.
A B C D

IV. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the
following passage.
MY EXPERIENCE ON AN ELEPHANT SAFARI
We went on an elephant safari at a place (1) Camp Jabulani in South Africa.
They take visitors on safaris twice a day: once in the morning and once at night. Guests can go
on as many rides as they like, but they don‟t (2) you ride an elephant if you are
younger than twelve years old. Luckily, I‟m fifteen! On our first safari, I felt really scared. I
remember thinking we could have gone on a beach holiday instead! As I was climbing onto the
elephant, I wondered how I was going to control (3) a big animal. I soon (4)
that I ought not to have worried so much. They made you sit with an experienced
elephant trainer. You can‟t ride (5) your own. During the trek, we saw giraffes, zebras,
lions, and rhinos. My parents took a lot of photos. I would have taken photos myself but I‟d (6)
my camera in my room. I can‟t remember exactly how long the safaris lasted, but it must
have been a couple of hours because we got (7) just (8) for lunch. We
stayed at Camp Jubalani for three days and went on four elephant safaris. We could have gone on
more than that, but on one of the days my mum wasn‟t very well. Anyway, it was a (9)
holiday. I‟d definitely (10) an elephant safari.
1. A. called B. is called C. call D. calling
2. A. want B. make C. let D. allow
3. A. so B. what C. that D. such
4. A. decided B. realized C. recognized D. looked
5. A. on B. by C. with D. for
6. A. taken B. brought C. put D. left
7. A. off B. back C. up D. in
8. A. at times B. late C. in time D. on time
9. A. fantastic B. welcoming C. pleased D. delicious
10. A. demand B. recommend C. suggest D. offer

V. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

Fabrizio from Venice: Of course, there‟s a lot to see in Venice. It‟s one of the most famous
cities in the world. First of all, there are the canals. We don‟t have cars in Venice so you have to
travel everywhere by canal. The most famous place in Venice is the square. St. Mark‟s Square
with St. Mark‟s Cathedral. And there are lots of museums and palaces, and beautiful bridges,
too.
Yumi from Kyoto: For me, Kyoto is the most beautiful city in Japan. It‟s also the oldest city.
It has many old traditional buildings, and beautiful palaces, temples and gardens. The most
famous temple is the Golden Pavilion. There are also very good markets, and also really good
shops, and some beautiful modern buildings, too.
Murat from Istanbul: I think Istanbul is maybe the most beautiful city in the world, but of

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course I come from Istanbul! The city is built on hills around the Bosphoros, and so there are
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beautiful views across the water. From the water, you can see mosques – the most famous is
called the Blue Mosque – and palaces and bridges. Istanbul also has a very famous market called
the Grand Bazaar. But these days we also have many modern shopping centres and modern
buildings and hotels. It‟s really a fantastic city.
Claudia from Rio de Janeiro: Rio is one of the most exciting cities in South America ... first
of course we have our famous beach, the Copacabana, and there are many mountains around Rio
– the most famous is the Sugar Plum Mountain where you can see a big statue of Christ, and of
course we have our famous stadium ... the Macarana stadium, maybe the most famous football
stadium in the world ... it‟s really a great place.
Marina from St. Petersburg: You‟ll really love St. Petersburg because there are so many
things to see. The most famous is the Winter Palace, where the Tsars lived, and the Hermitage
Museum which is a fantastic art gallery, and we have a very beautiful river too, the River Neva,
and of course churches and cathedrals. There is so much to see!
1. The place(s) that Fabrizio recommends coming to in Venice most must be .
A. the square B. the museums C. the canals D. beautiful bridges
2. All of the following are true about Kyoto EXCEPT that .
A. it is the most beautiful city in Japan
B. it has very good markets and shops
C. the Golden Pavilion is very famous
D. it only has old traditional buildings
3. The most spectacular views of Istanbul are .
A. the Bosphoros
B. the mosques across the water
C. the Grand Bazaar on the Bosphoros
D. modern shopping centres and buildings
4. We can infer from Claudia‟s words that people in Rio .
A. are very religious
B. love architecture
C. love football very much
D. built the statue of Christ on the Copacabana
5. People who would probably want to visit St. Petersburg most are .
A. sports enthusiasts B. art lovers
C. politicians D. ballet dancers

VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the
following passage.
When visitors join in a (1) of the Mekong Delta, they can visit Cai Rang Floating
Market to see the river life. Cai Rang Floating Market is (2) all day but it is busiest from
sunrise to about 9 a.m. The main items (3) there are farm produce and specialties of
neighboring areas.
During the early morning market hours, larger sized boats anchor and create lanes so that (4)
boats can move into and out of. The waterway becomes a maze of hundreds of
boats packed with mango, bananas, papaya, pineapple, and other goods. Sellers do not have (5)

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 their goods because their goods can be seen (6) and their cries would
not be heard in the vastness of the river and the river and the noise of boat engines. Sellers tie
their goods to a tall pole (7) buyers can see from a distance (8) they are
selling. Each boat is loaded with plenty of seasonal goods. Activities at the market are also a(n)
(9) for tourists to study the cultural (10) of southerners.
1. A. travel B. trip C. voyage D. tour
2. A. open B. to open C. opened D. opening
3. A. sell B. sold C. selling D. are selling
4. A. no B. bigger C. the same D. smaller
5. A. cry out B. cry C. cry out for D. advertise
6. A. within distance B. in a distance C. in the distance D. by some distance
7. A. so that B. but C. therefore D. although
8. A. how far B. why C. what D. how
9. A. experience B. event C. reason D. occasion
10. A. aspects B. appearances C. guides D. subjects

VII. Read the passage carefully, then decide whether the following statements are true (T) or
false (F)
Canada is the world‟s second largest country. Its population is not very large, however.
About 25 million people live in Canada – less than half the population of Britain or France and
only one thirtieth of the population of India. Canada is in North America and its capital is
Ottawa. It is a rich country with a lot of natural resources. In southern Canada the land is very
good for farming and Canada exports a lot of wheat. In the north there are magnificent forests. In
the west there are some very high mountains called the Rockies. Canada also has many minerals
such as petroleum, gas, copper and zinc. Canada was the first settled by French pioneers. In the
eighteenth century there were wars between Britain and French, Canada came under British rule.
Since 1931 Canada has been an independent member of the British Commonwealth. English and
French are both official language in Canada.
1. Canada is a densely populated country.
2. Canada is a country rich in natural resources.
3. Canada is the world‟s leading exporter of wheat.
4. Canada is a former British colony.
5. Two official languages spoken in Canada are English and French.

VIII. Use the words given and other words, complete the second sentence so that it has a
similar meaning to the first sentence. Do not change the word given. (Use 2-5 words in total).
1. Scuba-diving is not really my cup of tea. INTERESTED
I scuba-diving.
2. No mountains in Western Europe are higher than Mount Blanc. THE
Mount Blanc Western Europe.
3. They require special permits to access Son Doong Cave. TO
Special permits Son Doong Cave.
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4. Jane hasn‟t decided where to go on holiday. MIND
Jane hasn‟t about where to go on holiday.
5. We don‟t like travelling during peak season. INTO
We during peak season.

IX. By using the words in brackets, join each of the following sentences into logical ones. You
may need to change some of the words.
1. An area of low pressure forms over the land. The heated air expands and rises. (as a result)

2. Canada is similar to the United States. The majority of its people speak English. (in that)

3. Governments will most probably not relocate entire cities. They are in earthquake zones.
(just because)

4. They were forced to buy expensive ones. There were no economy seats available. (so)

5. The hypothesis could be tested. Two experiments were conducted. (so that)

6. Middle-class families tend to have person-centered structures. Working-class families are

usually positional. (whereas)

7. Middle-class children do well in most education systems. Working-class children do

relatively poorly. (on the other hand)

8. Western Europe has large reserves of fuel. The UK has a 250-year supply of coal. (for
instance)

9. A duck can swim easily and walk on soft ground. It has webbed feet. (so that)

10. Far fewer people are killed or injured during train travel. Rail travel is safer than road travel.
(because)

X. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as
the sentence printed before it.
1. They recruited very few young engineers.
Hardly
2. Only two out of the five rooms we have booked have air conditioning.
We have booked five rooms, only
3. Jane seems to come to the performance late.
It looks

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4. I could hold a big party due to Mom‟s help.
Had it
5. Success depends on hard work.
The harder
6. Fiona was so disappointed that she could not keep on working.
Such
7. Although Richard is competent in his work, he does not know how to deal with this
client. Competent
8. It was wrong of you to allow a four-year-old child to walk home alone.
You should
9. I could realize how important the family is only after I left home.
Not until
10. Mrs. Green is proud of her son‟s contribution to the play.
Mrs. Green is proud of what

ĐÁP ÁN
A. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
I. 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D
II. 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. 1. travel 2. journey 3. tour 4. cruise 5. voyage
6. trip 7. flight 8. journey 9. tour 10. trip
II. 1. ø – the 2. ø - the – ø 3. ø – the 4. ø – the (a) – ø 5. ø
6. ø - ø – the 7. the – the 8. ø – an 9. the – an 10. ø
III. 1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C
6. A 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. A
11. A 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. C

C. READING
I. 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C
6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B
II. 1. important 2. can 3. from 4. necessary 5. aspects
6. transportation 7. of 8. lights 9. for 10. why
II. 1. Because an artificial water way opened in 1761 and it joined a coal-mining area
with the port of Manchester.
2. Because they wore strange clothes, had no real homes and often drank too much
beer.
3. They carry heavy goods for industry.
4. Because it links to the Trent Navigation to carry goods from inland factories to the

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sea.
5. Because in the mid 19th century, the new railways became the most modern form
of transport.
D. WRITING
I. 1. You can‟t borrow my dictionary unless you bring it back on Monday.
2. The cost of installation is very high, but solar domestic heating systems are
economical to use.
3. Solar panels are placed on the roof of a house and the Sun‟s energy is used to
heat water.
4. I don‟t agree with a lot of his teaching methods. However, he is a good teacher.
5. We‟d better not waste water, or we won‟t have enough to drink sooner or later.
6. The house is quite beautiful. Moreover, the cost is not too high.
7. Do you want to study more or to look for a job?
8. You can go home when you‟ve finished this exercise.
9. I don‟t get many opportunities to practice my English. Therefore I find it difficult
to remember everything I study.
10. I‟m practicing speaking English a lot because I don‟t want to fail in the oral test.
II. 1. I took you for a friend of Anna‟s, I am sorry.
2. Busy as she was, she managed to find the time to proofread for me.
3. I‟d rather you did computer science.
4. It was not until last Monday that he got his visa.
5. They persisted in saying that I was to blame.
6. Vietnamese coffee is regarded as one of the best in the world.
7. Provided you ask me well in advance, I‟ll be willing to work overtime.
8. She is a more sympathetic listener than anyone else I know.
9. Never have I written such a good essay / a better essay than this.
10. I took it for granted that she would learn how to take shorthand after this course.
III. 1. Tourism development may lead to soil erosion, pollution and waste.
2. Tourism contributes to an increasing carbon footprint and stress and ecosystems.
3. The infrastructure in a tourist spot cannot satisfy great demand during the peak
season.
4. Tourists may cause a significant effect on the local habitats, especially in the
country.
5. Tourists may be aware of damage which they cause, and the tourism authorities
have to take measures to solve the problems.
6. First tourism creates jobs in the tourism industry and in other sectors such as retail
and transportation.
7. However jobs which are created by tourism are often seasonal and poorly paid.
8. Second, tourism encourages preservation of traditional customs, handicrafts and
festivals, but interaction with tourists can also lead to an erosion of traditional
cultures and values.
9. Finally, ecotourism helps conservation of wildlife by generating funds for

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maintaining national parks.
10. Nevertheless, it also causes pollution through traffic emissions, littering and noise.
PART 3: TEST YOURSELF
I. 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A
6. A 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C
II. 1. the – a 2. the – ø 3. The (a) – a – ø – ø 4. ø – the – ø
5. an – ø – the 6. a 7. The 8. The – the 9. ø – the
10. a – the – a – a – a
III. 1. C (will) 2. C (widely) 3. B (stay) 4. B (being picked up)
5. C (aren‟t) 6. C (to sit) 7. A (Watching)
8. C (old enough) 9. D (it) 10. D (not to fall)
IV. 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A
6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B
V. 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B
VI. 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B
6. C 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. A
VII. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T
VIII. 1. am not interested in
2. is the highest mountain in
3. are required to access
4. made up her mind
5. are not into travelling
IX. 1. The heated air expands and rises. As a result, an area of low pressure forms over
the land.
2. Canada is similar to the United States in that the majority of its people speak
English.
3. Governments will most probably not relocate entire cities just because they are in
earthquake zones.
4. There were no economy seats available, so they were forced to buy expensive
ones. 5 .Two experiments were conducted so that the hypothesis could be tested.
6. Middle-class families tend to have person-centered structures, whereas working-
class families are usually positional.
Or (Working-class families are usually positional, whereas middle-class families tend
to have person-centered structures).
7. Middle-class children do well in most education systems. Working-class children,
on the other hand, do relatively poorly.
8. Western Europe has large reserves of fuel. For instance, the UK has a 250-year
supply of coal.
9. A duck has webbed feet so that it can swim easily and walk on soft ground.
10. Rail travel is safer than road travel, because far fewer people are killed or injured
during train travel.
X. 1. Hardly any young engineers were recruited.
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2. We have booked five rooms, only two of which have air conditioning.
3. It looks as if / as though Jane will come to the performance late.
4. Had it not been for Mom‟s help, I couldn‟t have held a big party.
5. The harder you work, the more successful you are.
6. Such was Fiona‟s disappointment that she could not keep on working.
7. Competent as / though Richard is / may be in his work, he does not know how to
deal with this client.
8. You should not have allowed a four-year-old child to walk home alone.
9. Not until I left home could / did I realize how important the family is / was.
10. Mrs. Green is proud of what her son can contribute / contributes / has
contributed to the play.

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