MATH NOTES ...........

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NUMBERS

a) Natural Numbers:
Positive whole numbers also known as the counting numbers. Zero is not a natural number. e.g.
1,2,3,4,5,6.

b) Whole Numbers:
A positive number without a fraction or a decimal. Zero is considered to be a whole number as
well. e.g. 0,1,2,3.

c) Integers:
Positive and Negative Numbers without a fraction or a decimal. Zero is an integer too. e.g. −2,
−3,0,1,2.

d) Rational Numbers:
Any number that can be expressed as a fraction where the numerator and denominator are
integers. All integers are rational including zero. Even a recurring
decimal, a perfect square and cube root numbers are rational. e.g.

e) Irrational Numbers:
A number that cannot be expressed as a fraction. A non-perfect square and cube root number is
also irrational. e.g.

f) Real Numbers: All of the rational numbers plus the irrational numbers. e.g.

g) Prime Numbers:
It is a number that can only be divided exactly by 1 and itself. e.g. 2,3,5,7,11,13.

h) Composite Numbers:
A number which is not a prime number is known as a composite number. e.g. 4,6,8,10.

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PRIME FACTORIZATION

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FACTORS AND MULTIPLES
a)

b)

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c)

4
d)

SQUARE AND CUBE ROOTS


a)

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b)

Reciprocal

Rounding off values


a)

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b)

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Standard Form

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Basic Conversion
a)

b)

c)

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Converting 24-hour to 12-hour clock

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Converting 12-hour to 24-hour clock

Fractions and Recurring Decimals


a)

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b)

c)

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d)

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Recurring Decimals

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Indices

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Exponential Equations

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Percentages
a)

b)

𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
c)  Percentage Increase = 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙/𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 100%

𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
 Percentage decrease = 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙/𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 100%

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Simple and Compound Interest

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Speed, Distance and Time
a)
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
 Speed =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

 Distance = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 × 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
 Time =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
 Average Speed =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

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Distance-Time and Speed-Time Graph

Common Prefixes

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Ratio
a)

b)

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Map Scales
a)  If the linear scale of a map is 1:r, it means that 1 cm on the map represents r cm on the actual piece of
land.
 If the linear scale of a map is 1:r, the corresponding area scale of the map is 1:r2
 If the linear scale of a map is 1:r, the corresponding volume scale of the map is 1:r3

b)

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Expansion of Algebraic Expressions

Factorization of Algebraic Expressions

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Quadratic Equations

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Discriminant of a Quadratic Equation

Simultaneous and Subject Changing

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Sequences

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Quadratic Sequence

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Variation

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Surds

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Upper and Lower Bounds

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Inequality

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Quadratic Inequality

Number Line

Inequality Diagrams

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Sets

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Venn Diagram
a)

b)

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c)

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Shading Venn Diagrams

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Writing Set Notations from Venn Diagrams

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Coordinate Geometry

Equation of Straight Line

Working out gradient from two pair of coordinates

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Gradient and y-intercept from equation of straight line

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Sketching a Straight Line from a given equation

Working out Area of Polygons using Coordinates

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Functions

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Basic Function Calculations

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Composite Function

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Inverse Function

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Graphs

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60
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Transformation of graphs

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Congruence and Similarity

Congruence Test

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Similar Triangles

Area and Volumes of Similar Triangles

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Basic Angle Properties and Polygons

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Types of Angles

Types of Triangles

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Interior and Exterior angles

Types of Polygons

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Formula for Polygons

Properties of Parallelogram

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Properties of Special Quadrilaterals

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Circle Theorem

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Symmetry

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Trigonometry

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Sin, Cos, Tan Graphs

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Trigonometric Function

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Mensuration
Sectors

Angle Conversion

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Formula

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96
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Matrix and Transformation

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Inverse Matrix

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Transformation by Matrices

Translation of Matrices

101
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Transformation of Matrices (Transforming Coordinates
Separately)

Statistics

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104
105
106
107
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Drawing a Histogram using Frequency Densities
Below is a grouped frequency table of the lengths of string. Construct a histogram of the data.

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113
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Scatter Plots and Correlation

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Differentiation
Differentiation of Equations

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A turning point is a stationary point, which is either:

 a minimum
 a maximum

𝑑𝑦
To work out the stationary, maximum, minimum or a turning point : = 0.
𝑑𝑥

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120
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Kinematics

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123
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Vectors

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Addition and Subtraction of column vectors

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Probability

Mutually Exclusive Events

Independent Events

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a)

b)

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Conditional Probability

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Constructions

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Steps to Construct a Perpendicular Bisector

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Steps to Bisect an Angle

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