MATH NOTES ...........
MATH NOTES ...........
MATH NOTES ...........
a) Natural Numbers:
Positive whole numbers also known as the counting numbers. Zero is not a natural number. e.g.
1,2,3,4,5,6.
b) Whole Numbers:
A positive number without a fraction or a decimal. Zero is considered to be a whole number as
well. e.g. 0,1,2,3.
c) Integers:
Positive and Negative Numbers without a fraction or a decimal. Zero is an integer too. e.g. −2,
−3,0,1,2.
d) Rational Numbers:
Any number that can be expressed as a fraction where the numerator and denominator are
integers. All integers are rational including zero. Even a recurring
decimal, a perfect square and cube root numbers are rational. e.g.
e) Irrational Numbers:
A number that cannot be expressed as a fraction. A non-perfect square and cube root number is
also irrational. e.g.
f) Real Numbers: All of the rational numbers plus the irrational numbers. e.g.
g) Prime Numbers:
It is a number that can only be divided exactly by 1 and itself. e.g. 2,3,5,7,11,13.
h) Composite Numbers:
A number which is not a prime number is known as a composite number. e.g. 4,6,8,10.
1
PRIME FACTORIZATION
2
FACTORS AND MULTIPLES
a)
b)
3
c)
4
d)
5
b)
Reciprocal
6
b)
7
Standard Form
8
Basic Conversion
a)
b)
c)
9
Converting 24-hour to 12-hour clock
10
Converting 12-hour to 24-hour clock
11
b)
c)
12
d)
13
Recurring Decimals
14
Indices
15
Exponential Equations
16
Percentages
a)
b)
𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
c) Percentage Increase = 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙/𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 100%
𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
Percentage decrease = 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙/𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 100%
17
18
Simple and Compound Interest
19
20
Speed, Distance and Time
a)
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Speed =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Time =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Average Speed =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
21
Distance-Time and Speed-Time Graph
Common Prefixes
22
Ratio
a)
b)
23
24
Map Scales
a) If the linear scale of a map is 1:r, it means that 1 cm on the map represents r cm on the actual piece of
land.
If the linear scale of a map is 1:r, the corresponding area scale of the map is 1:r2
If the linear scale of a map is 1:r, the corresponding volume scale of the map is 1:r3
b)
25
26
Expansion of Algebraic Expressions
27
Quadratic Equations
28
29
Discriminant of a Quadratic Equation
30
31
Sequences
32
Quadratic Sequence
33
Variation
34
Surds
35
36
Upper and Lower Bounds
37
38
Inequality
39
Quadratic Inequality
Number Line
Inequality Diagrams
40
Sets
41
42
Venn Diagram
a)
b)
43
c)
44
Shading Venn Diagrams
45
Writing Set Notations from Venn Diagrams
46
Coordinate Geometry
47
Gradient and y-intercept from equation of straight line
48
Sketching a Straight Line from a given equation
49
50
51
Functions
52
53
54
55
Basic Function Calculations
56
Composite Function
57
Inverse Function
58
Graphs
59
60
61
62
63
64
Transformation of graphs
65
Congruence and Similarity
Congruence Test
66
67
Similar Triangles
68
69
Basic Angle Properties and Polygons
70
71
Types of Angles
Types of Triangles
72
Interior and Exterior angles
Types of Polygons
73
Formula for Polygons
Properties of Parallelogram
74
Properties of Special Quadrilaterals
75
Circle Theorem
76
77
78
79
Symmetry
80
Trigonometry
81
82
Sin, Cos, Tan Graphs
83
Trigonometric Function
84
85
86
87
88
89
Mensuration
Sectors
Angle Conversion
90
Formula
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
Matrix and Transformation
98
99
Inverse Matrix
100
Transformation by Matrices
Translation of Matrices
101
102
Transformation of Matrices (Transforming Coordinates
Separately)
Statistics
103
104
105
106
107
108
Drawing a Histogram using Frequency Densities
Below is a grouped frequency table of the lengths of string. Construct a histogram of the data.
109
110
111
112
113
114
Scatter Plots and Correlation
115
Differentiation
Differentiation of Equations
116
117
118
A turning point is a stationary point, which is either:
a minimum
a maximum
𝑑𝑦
To work out the stationary, maximum, minimum or a turning point : = 0.
𝑑𝑥
119
120
121
Kinematics
122
123
124
125
Vectors
126
Addition and Subtraction of column vectors
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
Probability
Independent Events
139
140
a)
b)
141
142
143
144
145
Conditional Probability
146
Constructions
147
148
Steps to Construct a Perpendicular Bisector
149
Steps to Bisect an Angle
150