CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter consists of Background of study, Limitation of the study, problem

statment, the objectives of the study, and benefit of the study.

A. Background Of The Study

Language is a one of communication devices. It is used for human

interaction. Language is very important to express feelings, thought, and

behaviour. By language, people can know the character and personality of a

person.

Language is also a means of literary disclosure. Indirectly, a literary work

will provide certain understanding and inspiration to others, because if my

reflect life phenomena. The literary work combining word or sentences into

expressions.

Sometimes, literary work is also called literature. According to Endaswara

(2003:96) in Minderop (2016:55), “ literature is a creation and a process and

thought that the author was in a situation trance (subconscious) is then poured

into a conscious form”. In general literature is the resulf of imitation of

depiction of reality. A literary work should be an imagination of the universe

an a model of reality. It may reflect many forms like novel, short story, drama,

movie are etc. One of them is movie.

Movie is one that tells a serious or comedy story, intended for

representation by actors who mimic the characters and perform the dialogues

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and actions of the written narrative. A movie is the expresion of a complete

action, adapted to the sympathetic attention of man, developed in a succession

of continuously interesting and continuously related incidents, acted and

expressed by means of speech and the symbols, actualities, and conditions of

lifed.

In movie we can analyze some aspects such as instrinsic or extrinsic

elements, moral value and many more. We can also used some approach to

analyze a movie, such as psychological approach. It is using to analyze

someone’s personality.

Personality can be defined as a group of characteristics owned by

someone who uniquely influences his behavior in various situations. A person

who has more than one personality prefers to be alone and doesnt like to

socialize with others. Personality is a regulation of the psychological and

system that interact with each in directing behaviour in a person, which

determines an individual's adjustment to the environment, so that it will be

seen in his unique behaviour and different from others. Such as multiple

personality that is also called psychology of dissociation disorder as a

condition in which many different personalities in a person's body. This

condition usually appears because of environmental factors and can be

because of trauma.

A condition where someone has two or more different personalities in a

body called multiple personality. It happens when an individual's personality

“split” , so that another personality emerges. That personality is usually an

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expression of the main personality that cannot be realized. Sometimes the

sufferer does not know that he has a dual personality, these two individuals in

one body also dont know each other and are contradictory.

Generally, multiple personality disorders caused by traumatic event that

happened to someone in their childhood. The form of trauma can be physical

abused, emotional that occurs repeatedly so they are bonded to psychological

aspect. When the trauma occurs over a long period of time, the affected

person may begin to overcome by completely disconnecting from the thing

that causing the trauma. This could lead to "alter", a separated personality in

the same person who is well aware, or unaware of abuse. Alter is usually like

a child, strong, male, or female. In this case a person had more than one

because he experienced childhood trauma that often experienced violence in

his family, in fact he wanted to rebel but because he did not to fight

eventually he could only hide away what he felt. This is what causes inner

wear in his heart.

In literary work, there are two elements they are intrinsic and extrinsic

element. The intrinsic elements are elements that make up a literary work

from the inside which embodies the structure of a literary work, such as

character and characterization, setting, plot, theme, and point of view. While

extrinsic elements were the elements make up a literary work from the

outside concerning aspects of sociology, psychology, and others. If we are

talking between literature and psychology is very related, because the literary

work of new novels, plays and poetry are elements of psychological mood to
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the author, the characther in the fiction narrative and the reader. In this

research, the researcher used a psychological approach in analyzing multiple

personality in the Split movie.

From the statement above the researcher would explain the problem

from multiple personality in the main character by Kevin. Multiple

personality were patterns of thought or behaviour that did not conform to the

norm or customs.

The researcher is interested in movie entitle Split by Night Syamalan.

Split is an American film released in 2017. The film directed by M. Night

Shyamalan is played by James McAvoy who is played Kevin Wendell Crumb

who has 23 personalities or multiple personalities. The film was released on

January 20, 2017. In the movie he tells about it someone who has a lot of

personalities with his many problems in his life. One of the dominant Kevin

personality named the Beast, is an antagonist of the story of David Dunn in

an unbreakable film released in 2000. Split is a sequel to an unbreakable film

that specifically tells the main antagonist which is implied in the cover of the

comic from Mr. Price was a child in the ubreakable film scene where David

Dunn as a superhero would fight a cat human figure. The unbreakable or split

sequel, titled Glass will be released in 2019. It involves characters from both

films that are 17 years of production equivalent to 17 years of real world

timelines.

Based on the above explanation we know that studying the

psychology of human life could be by reading literature. that's why

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researcher analyze SPLIT movie based on psychological approach, the

researcher focus on the character of kevin of multiple personality in the

movie. Therefore, the researcher entitles this research “ AN ANALYSIS

ON MULTIPLE PERSONALITY IN THE SPLIT MOVIE BY M. NIGHT

SYAMALAN ( PSYCOLOGICAL APPROACH )”

B. Limitation of The Research

Based on the background above, the researcher gives limitation of

the study to analyze above multiple personality in the movie “ Split “

based on psychological approach and the structural element in the same

movie

C. Problem Statements

The problem statement of the research are :

1. What multiple personalities that appears in the main character on “

Split “ movie?

2. What multiple personality dominates in the main character on

“Split” movie ?

D. Objectives of The Study

1. To analyze the structural element in the “ Split “ movie by M Night.

Syamalan
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2. To analyze the main character’s personality that appears in the “ Split “

movie

3. To analyze the personality dominates in the main character on “Split”

movie

E. The Benefit of The Study

In this research, researcher hope can give benefit for :

1. Theoretic Benenfit

a. This study is expected to add literature and application of

psychological theory to reveal multiple personality factors in the

movie.

b. This research is expected can help to enlarge the knowledge

especially to analyze a movie by using psychological approach.

2. Practical Benefit

This research is expected can be used as a for another reseachers

who want a literature especially about movie. The benenfit of the

research for the another research can be reference for the other

researcher that has similar work with it.