Chapter 5 - Study Guide - Answers
Chapter 5 - Study Guide - Answers
Chapter 5 - Study Guide - Answers
1. The person credited with developing the first scientific periodic table of elements was Mendeleev .
His major contribution was leaving gaps where he thought elements were yet to be discovered and predicting their
properties .
2. Until Henry Moseley ` developed the concept of the atomic number, the elements were always arranged by
atomic mass, but now they are arranged by atomic number.
3. The periodic law states that when elements are arranged by atomic number their physical and chemical properties
show a periodic pattern .
4. On the periodic table:
a. rows are called periods .
b. columns are called groups or families .
c. there are 18 groups or families .
d. there are 7 periods .
e. there are 4 blocks.
5. On the following periodic table label:
a. the 7 period numbers e. the metals, non-metals and semi-metals
b. the Roman numeral group numbers f. the alkali, alkaline earth, halogen and noble gas families
c. the s, p, d, and f blocks g. the transition metals, inner transition metals and main-
d. the lathanide and actinide series group elements
Revised: 2022-10-12
Chapter 5 Name:
Study Guide – Answers Date: Per:
7. The electrons in the outermost energy level are responsible for the atom’s chemical properties . These electrons
are called the valence electrons. There can never be more than 8 of these electrons.
8. In order for an element to be stable it must have 2 (if it is a small atom) or 8 electrons in its outer
energy level.
9. The law of octaves says that when the elements are placed in order by atomic number (originally atomic mass) that
their chemical and physical properties repeat every 8 elements.
10. A periodic trend is a certain property of the elements that changes in a predictable way within a group or period.
11. All of the periodic trends relate to the fact that attraction of the nucleus to the electron cloud increases from the bottom
left corner to the upper right corner.
12. Define effective nuclear charge: the magnitude of the actual attractive force exerted on electrons by the nucleus
a. The effective nuclear charge is always less than the actual nuclear charge due to the distance between the
nucleus and electrons being attracted , and shielding by electrons that exist in inner levels.
b. The effective nuclear charge decreases as period number increases in a group due to greater distance (more
energy levels) between the nucleus and valence shell , and increases as group number increases within a
period due to the addition of protons to the nucleus and constant (unchanging) shielding effect .
13. Fill in the definitions below and the element name with the greatest and least value.
Trend Definition Highest Lowest
size of an atom as measured by dividing the distance between the
Atomic radius
nuclei of two neighboring atoms by 2
Fr He
15. When an atom gains electrons it takes on a negative charge and its radius increases .
16. When an atom loses electrons it takes on a positive charge and its radius decreases .
17. Define ‘successive ionization energies’ Energies required to strip off successive electrons from an atom. Successive
ionization energies always increase as the nucleus exerts a greater attractive force on remaining electrons as they are
removed. .
18. Elements on the left side of the periodic table tend to lose electrons to become stable, making them
positively charged.
Revised: 2022-10-12
Chapter 5 Name:
Study Guide – Answers Date: Per:
19. Elements on the right side of the periodic table tend to gain electrons to become stable, making them
negatively charged.
20. The family of elements with the highest ionization energies are the noble gases .
21. The family of elements with the lowest ionization energies are the alkali metals .
Revised: 2022-10-12