3rd Form

ANGLAIS
Module2/Section 3 : Grammar (should have+ past participle &
simple past + present perfect simple) Guided Writing (Biography)
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Teacher’s name : Nadia Nasri
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SHOULD HAVE (SHOULD’VE) + PAST PARTICIPLE

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There are two ways to use this structure:

1. Should have + past participle

2. Should’ve + past participle

As you can see, the latter is an abbreviation (meaning a shortened version).

It is more common in speech and informal writing (such as social media
posts, blogs, e-mails to friends, and instant messages).
Whenever we say “should have” or “should’ve,” we follow it with the past
participle form of the main verb. For example:

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 I should’ve studied harder for that exam.

Here, the main verb is “to study” but the past participle form is “studied.”

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WHEN TO USE SHOULD HAVE

Let’s think about that example sentence again:

 I should’ve studied harder for that exam.

When someone says this, we know two things:

1. They didn’t study hard.

2. They wish they’d studied hard.

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In other words, we use “should have” to talk about things that didn’t happen in
the past but that we wish had happened.
Here are some more examples:

 I should’ve bought insurance before travelling abroad.

This person didn’t buy insurance but wishes they did (probably because they
now need it).

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 She should’ve listened to me when I told her to install anti-virus soft-
ware.

She didn’t listen and presumably something bad has happened that meant she
regrets not doing so.
 He should’ve brought an umbrella with him.

He didn’t bring an umbrella and it is likely now raining, so he will regret his
choice.

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Complete each sentence with the appropriate form of the verb in
parentheses, using "should have + past participle."
1. You ........................................... your homework before the teacher
arrived. (complete)
2. She ........................................... her flight by now. (miss)
3. They ............................................ the party invitations weeks ago.
(send)
4. I ........................................... my keys at home this morning.
(leave)
5. We ....................................... at the restaurant by 7 PM, but there
was a traffic jam. (arrive)
6. He ........................................... to apologize for his mistake. (real-
ize)

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Simple past
1) Form:

Affirmative form Negative form Interrogative form

Yes/No question Wh question
I worked/knew. I did not work/know. Did I work/know? What did I work/know?
We worked/knew. You did not work/know. Did you work/know? What did you work/know?
You worked/knew. We did not work/know. Did we work/know? What did we work/know?
They worked/knew. They did not work/know Did they work/know? What did they work/know?
He worked/knew. He did not work/know. Did he work/know? What did he work/know?
She worked/knew. She did not work/know. Did she work/know? What did she work/know?
It worked/knew. It did not work/know. Did it work/know? Why did it work/know?

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Subject + verb (past Subject + did not + verb Did + subject + verb Wh word + did + subject+
form) (bare infinitive form) (bare infinitive form) ? verb (bare infinitive
form)?
2) Uses:
Use Example
1) An action that started and finished at a defi- Last night, I watched TV
nite
time in the past

3) Markers:
-yesterday
-last year/month/week/season…
-a year/month/week ago
-two/three..days/weeks…ago- in 2005

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4) Spelling :

Add "ed" to verbs ending in‘consonants’:

look – looked jump – jumped play – played
Verbs ending in consonant + ‘y’ omit ‘y’ + add ‘ied’
study – studied carry – carried dry – dried
Add "d" to verbs ending in ‘e’:
like – liked live – lived save - saved

Verbs ending with CVC:double the last consonant + add ‘ed’

stop – stopped beg – begged

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Present perfect:
1) Form:
Affirmative form Negative form Interrogative form
Yes/No question Wh question
I have worked / gone. I have not worked / gone. Have I worked / gone? Where have I worked / gone?
You have worked / gone. You have not worked / gone. Have you worked / gone? Where have you worked / gone?
We have worked / gone. We have not worked / gone. Have we worked / gone? Where have we worked / gone?
They have worked / gone. They have not worked / gone. Have they worked / gone? Where have they worked / gone?
He has worked / gone. He has not worked / gone. Has he worked / gone? Where has he worked / gone?
She has worked / gone. She has not worked / gone. Has she worked / gone? Where has she worked / gone?
It has worked / gone. It has not worked / gone. Has it worked / gone? Where has it worked / gone?

- I/You/We/They + have - I/You/We/They + have not + - Have + I/you/we/they + - Wh word + have +

+ verb (past participle) verb (past participle) verb(past participle)? I/you/we/they + verb(past
- He/She/It + has + - He/She/It + has not + verb - Has + he/she/it + participle)?
verb(past participle) (past participle) verb(past participle)? - Wh word + has + he/she/it +
verb(past participle)?

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2) Uses:
Use Example
1) An action that started in the past and still John has lived in London since 2016
continues until the present The students have studied English for 5 years
2) An action that happened at an indefinite time I have visited France
in the past:
3) A recent action She has just left the classroom
4) A past action whose results are in the present David had an accident. He has broken his leg.

3) Markers:
already, never, ever, yet, since, for, just, recent, recently, so far, lately

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 - Already means that something happened earlier than we expected. With Present Perfect already usually goes after
15 have or has and before the main verb.
E.g.: We have already had our breakfast.
- Yet means that something that we expected has happened or hasn't happened. We usually put it atthe end of a sen-
tence.
E.g: - Has the post arrived yet?
- Not yet.
- Ever is used with the present perfect tense to ask questions about experiences in someone’s life. E.g.: - “Have
you ever taken dance classes?”
- “Yes, I have. I took 6 weeks of lessons before my wedding!”
DON’T USE EVER IN THE ANSWER. ONLY USE IT IN QUESTIONS.

- NEVER is used with the present perfect tense to talk about things you have not done at any time in your life
E.g.: I’ve never failed a test. I’ve always gotten 80% or more.

- We often use for and since with the present perfect tense:

 We use for to talk about a period of time: for five minutes, for two weeks, for six years
 We use since to talk about a point in past time: since 1878, since 1st January
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Exercise 1

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple)

1. Mother: I want to prepare dinner. (you /

wash)…………………………. the dishes yet?

2. Daughter: I (wash)……………….. the dishes yesterday, but I (have /

not)…………………………. the time yet to do it today.
3. Mother: (you / do / already)……………………… your homework?
4. Daughter: No, I (come / just)……………………...... home from
school.

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5. Mother: You (come)……………... home from school two hours ago!
6. Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy (call)………………….. when
I (arrive)………… … and I (finish / just)………………………. the
phone call.
7. Mother: (you / see / not)…………………….. Lucy at school in the
morning?
8. Daughter: Yes, but we (have / not)………………………… time to
talk then.

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Guided Writing : Writing a Biography
Part 1 : First, use the prompts to write a biography on Rudyard Ki-
pling.
Tips for Writing a Biography
 Tip1: Read the question
 Tip 2: Opt for the chronological structure suggested in the prompts.
 Tip 3: Decide what tense to use.
 Tip 4: Use the right prepositions.
 Tip 5: Write your paragraph.
 Tip 6: Proofread it.

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Date/Place of birth : -30 December 1865 / British India
Nationality : - British
Occupation : - journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist
Genre : - Short stories, novels, children’s literature, poetry,
Travel literature, science fiction
Notable works : - ‘The Jungle Book’ / ‘Just So Stories’ / Kim / ‘ If- ‘
- See / innovator the art of the short story
- the late 19th and early 20th centuries / among the
United Kingdom’s most popular writers
-1907, award / Nobel Prize / Literature /
The first English-language writer / receive the prize

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Date & Place of Death : - 18 January 1936 (aged 70) / Fitzrovia, London,
England

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Part 2 : Then do this question. This paragraph contains some of the common
mistakesmade by students. Read it, try to spot the mistakes, correct them and add
punctuation marks where appropriate.

Rudyard kipling is born in 30 december 1865 on british india. He is british journalist, short
story-writer, poet, and novelist who specialized in short stories, novels, children’s literature,
poetry, travel literature, and science fiction. Rudyard kipling had a lot of amazing work. To
name a few The jungle book, “just so stories“, “kim“, and “if “ are among the most notable
ones. He is seen as innovator in the art of the short story. Kipling in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries was among the united kingdom’s most popular writers. On 1907, he awarded the
nobel prize in literature, as the first english-language writer to receive the prize. At 18 January
1936, kipling die in age 70 on Fitzrovia London Englan.

ru
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Part 3 : After that, compare your paragraph with the one above and the
one in the correction section so that you can learn from your mistakes
and avoid them in the future.

Correction :

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