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    Unit_1_Solutions_Cleaned

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    Unit_1_Solutions_Cleaned

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    3 views4 pages

    Unit_1_Solutions_Cleaned

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    of 4

    Solutions to Unit 1 Questions

    1. Stresses in a Compound Bar:

    A compound bar consists of:

    - Aluminum: 40 mm x 20 mm, E = 1 x 10^5 N/mm^2

    - Steel: 60 mm x 15 mm, E = 2 x 10^5 N/mm^2

    Given:

    - Length of bar: 600 mm

    - Axial tensile force: 60 kN

    Solution Steps:

    1. Calculate area of aluminum (A_a) and steel (A_s):

    A_a = 40 x 20 = 800 mm^2, A_s = 60 x 15 = 900 mm^2

    2. Calculate stresses in aluminum and steel using compatibility of deformation:

    Let stress_a and stress_s be stresses in aluminum and steel respectively.

    Deformation compatibility: stress_a / E_a = stress_s / E_s

    Substitute values: stress_a = 0.5 * stress_s

    3. Equilibrium of axial forces:

    Total force = 60 kN:

    stress_a * A_a + stress_s * A_s = 60 x 10^3

    Solve for stress_s:

    stress_s = 48 N/mm^2, stress_a = 24 N/mm^2


    4. Calculate extension of the compound bar:

    Total extension delta = (stress_a * L / E_a) + (stress_s * L / E_s)

    delta = 0.144 mm

    Answer:

    - Stress in aluminum: 24 N/mm^2

    - Stress in steel: 48 N/mm^2

    - Extension: 0.144 mm

    2. Procedure for Thermal Stresses in Composite Bar:

    Steps:

    1. Calculate free expansion or contraction using delta_L = alpha * L * delta_T.

    2. Use equilibrium of forces to find constraints.

    3. Relate stress using stress = E * strain.

    4. Solve for stresses in each material.

    3. Change in Length of a Steel Rod:

    Given:

    - Cross-sectional area: 25 mm^2

    - Loading at points K, L, M, N.

    Use deformation formulas for each section to find total change in length.

    4. Stress and Deformation of Hollow Cast-Iron Cylinder:

    Given:

    - Length: 4 m, outer diameter: 300 mm, thickness: 50 mm

    - Stress: 75 MPa, E = 1.5 x 10^5 MPa


    Solution:

    (i) Magnitude of load: P = stress * A

    (ii) Longitudinal strain: strain = stress / E

    (iii) Decrease in length: delta_L = strain * L

    5. Elongation of Brass Bar:

    Given:

    - Area = 1000 mm^2, E = 1.05 x 10^5 N/mm^2

    - Use delta_L = P * L / (A * E).

    6. Stresses in Circular Compound Bar:

    Given:

    - Steel rod (d = 25 mm) inside copper tube (d_i = 25 mm, d_o = 40 mm)

    - Load = 120 kN

    Solution:

    Calculate stresses using equilibrium and compatibility equations.

    7. Force Causing Decrease in Length (Steel and Aluminum Bar):

    Given:

    - Elastic moduli (E_s, E_a), and total decrease in length.

    - Use compatibility and equilibrium equations.

    8. Definition of Stress and Strain:

    Stress: Force per unit area.

    Types:
    - Normal stress (tensile/compressive)

    - Shear stress

    Strain: Deformation per unit length.

    Types:

    - Longitudinal

    - Shear

    9. Reactions at Supports (Bar with Rigid Supports):

    Procedure:

    - Apply equilibrium conditions (sum of forces = 0).

    - Use compatibility of deformation to find reactions.

    10. Thermal Forces in Steel and Copper Rod:

    Given:

    - Temperature rise: 50°C, coefficients of expansion, and elastic moduli.

    - Forces and stresses from compatibility and equilibrium.

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