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* A load of 5 K.N is to be raised with the help of a steel wire.
Find the minimum diameter of the steel

wire, if the stress is not to exceed 100 N/mm2.
Solve
P 5000
σ = 100 = A=50 mm2
A A
π × D2
A= = 50 mm2 D =7.97 mm
4
**********************************************
* A rod 100 cm long and of 2 cm x 2 cm cross section is subjected to a pull of 1000 kg force. If the
modulus elasticity of material is 2.0 x 106 kg/cm2. Determine the elongation of the rod.
Solve
𝐏 ×𝐋 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ×𝟏𝟎𝟎
ΔL = = = 0.0125 cm
𝐄×𝐀 𝟐∗𝟏𝟎𝟔 ×𝟒
**************************************************
* A steel rod of 2.5 cm diameter is subjected to a force as shown in fig. Find the elongation of the rod.
Take E= 2 X103 t /cm2
Solve
1t 2t
6t 5t
7
6 5
π × D2 π × 2.52
AS = = =4.91 cm2
4 4
P ×L 6 ×150
ΔLAB = E×A = 2∗103×4.91 = 0.09 cm
P ×L 7 ×100
ΔLCD = E×A = 2∗103×4.91 = 0.07 cm
P ×L 5 ×150
ΔLBC = E×A = 2∗103 ×4.91 = 0.08 cm
Total Elongation of the rod =0.09+ .007+ 0.08 = 0.24 cm

*********************************************************
1
* A member ABCD is subjected to point loads P1, P2, P3 and P4 as shown in figure. Calculate the force
P2 necessary for equilibrium if P1 = 4000kg, P3 = 40000kg, and P4 = 12000kg. Determine the total
elongation of the member, assuming modulus of elasticity to be 2.2 x 106 kg/cm2
Solve
: ‫من شرط اتزان مجموعة القوى الموثره افقيا‬
∑ Fx = 0.0
P1+P3 = P2+P4
4000+40000= P2+12000
P2= 32000 Kg
‫نجد ان‬ N.F.D ‫من فصل القوى او رسم‬
‫ كجم‬4000 ‫ عليه قوة شد‬AB ‫جزء‬

‫ كجم‬28000 ‫ عليه قوة ضغط‬BC ‫جزء‬
‫ كجم‬12000 ‫ عليه قوة شد‬CD ‫جزء‬
𝐏 ×𝐋
ΔL total =
𝐄×𝐀
𝟏 𝐏𝟏 ×𝐋𝟏 𝐏𝟐 ×𝐋𝟐 𝐏𝟑 ×𝐋𝟑

= [ + + ]
𝐄 𝐀𝟏 𝐀𝟐 𝐀𝟑
𝟏 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 ×𝟏𝟐𝟎 −𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎 ×𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 ×𝟗𝟎

= [ + + ]= ‫االستطاله الكليه للقضيب‬
𝟐.𝟐∗𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝟔.𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟐.𝟓
2
*****************************************************************
* A mild steel rod of 20mm diameter and 300mm long is enclosed centrally inside a hollow copper tube of
external diameter 30mm and internal diameter 25mm. The ends of the rod and tube are brazed together,
and the composite bar is subjected to an axial pull of 40 kN.
If E for steel and copper is 200 kN/mm2 and 100 kN/mm2 respectively.
-Find the stresses developed in the rod and the tube. -Also find the extension of the rod.
Solve
𝛑 × ( 𝟑𝟎𝟐 −𝟐𝟓𝟐 ) 𝛑 × ( 𝐃𝟏𝟐 −𝐃𝟐𝟐 ) 𝛑 × 𝐃𝟐

𝐀𝒄 = 216 mm2 = 𝟒
=
𝟒
= 𝟒
= ‫𝐚𝐞𝐫𝐀 مساحة مقطع الماسورة النحاس‬
𝛑 × 𝟐𝟎𝟐 𝛑 × 𝐃𝟐
𝐀𝐬 = 314.16 mm2 = 𝟒
= 𝟒
= ‫𝒂𝒆𝒓𝑨 مساحة مقطع الماسورة الصلب‬
. Ɛ𝐬 ‫ يساوى اإلنفعال الحادث فى القضيب الصلب‬Ɛ𝐜 ‫ إذا اإلنفعال الحادث فى الماسورة النحاس‬. ‫بما أن نهايتى الماسورة والقضيب مثبتان معا‬
Ɛs = Ɛc or Δs = Δc
σs σc
=
Es Ec
Ps Pc
=
Es × As Ec × Ac
Ps Pc
=
200 ×314.16 100× 216
Ps = 2.9 Pc
Ptotal = Ps + Pc
40 = 2.9 Pc + Pc
Pc = 10.25 KN
P𝑠 = 29.75 KN
Ps 29.75
σs = = = 0.0947 KN/mm2
As 314.16
Pc 10.25
σc = = = 0.0474 KN/mm2
Ac 216
Ps × Ls 29.75 × 300
ΔLs = = = + 0.142 mm
Es × As 200 ×314.16
Δs = ΔC = 0.142 mm
3
* A square bar of 2 cm side is held between two rigid plates and loaded by an axial force P equal to 30 ton
as shown in figure.
-Find the reaction at the ends A and C and the extension of the portion AB. -Take E=2.0 x 106 kg/cm2
RA
RB
Solve
4 cm2 = 2*2 = ‫𝒂𝒆𝒓𝑨 مساحة مقطع القضيب‬
RC = ‫ معرض لقوة ضغط‬BC ‫والجزء‬ RA = ‫ معرض لقوة شد‬AB ‫ نعتبر جزء‬-
BC ‫ = االنضغاط الناتج من قوة الضغط فى الجزء‬AB ‫* إذا االستطاله الناتجه من قوه الشد فى الجزء‬
ΔLAB = ΔLBC ---------------- (1)
‫ =القوه الخارجيه الموثره‬B ‫* وكذللك مجموع القوى الداخليه الموثره عند النقطه‬
RA + RC =P =30 ton ---------------------- (2)
P×L P×L
( ) =( )
E × A AB E × A BC
RA ×30 RC ×20
=
2×1000000 ×4 2×1000000 ×4
𝐑 𝐂 = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝐑 𝐀
RA + 1.5 R A =30 ton
RA = 12 ton RC = 18 ton
𝐏 ×𝐋 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 ×𝟑𝟎
ΔLAB = ( 𝐄 × 𝐀 ) = 𝟒 ×𝟐×𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟓 𝒄𝒎 ‫استطاله‬
𝐀𝐁
ΔLBC = - 0.045 cm ‫انضغاط‬

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* A load of 5 K.N is to be raised with the help of a steel wire.

Find the minimum diameter of the steel

Total Elongation of the rod =0.09+ .007+ 0.08 = 0.24 cm

‫ كجم‬4000 ‫ عليه قوة شد‬AB ‫جزء‬

𝟏 𝐏𝟏 ×𝐋𝟏 𝐏𝟐 ×𝐋𝟐 𝐏𝟑 ×𝐋𝟑

𝟏 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 ×𝟏𝟐𝟎 −𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎 ×𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 ×𝟗𝟎

𝛑 × ( 𝟑𝟎𝟐 −𝟐𝟓𝟐 ) 𝛑 × ( 𝐃𝟏𝟐 −𝐃𝟐𝟐 ) 𝛑 × 𝐃𝟐

RC = ‫ معرض لقوة ضغط‬BC ‫والجزء‬ RA = ‫ معرض لقوة شد‬AB ‫ نعتبر جزء‬-

ΔLAB = ΔLBC ---------------- (1)

RA + RC =P =30 ton ---------------------- (2)

ΔLBC = - 0.045 cm ‫انضغاط‬

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