BCV402

Model Question Paper

USN

Fourth Semester B.E. Degree Examination

FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS
TIME: 03 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note: 01. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing at least ONE question from each MODULE.
02. Appropriately assume any missing data
Bloom’s
Module -1 Taxonomy Marks
Level
Q.01 a Distinguish between
(i) Ideal and real fluids
(ii) Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids L2 06
(iii) Adhesion and cohesion
b A circular plate of diameter 4 m with a concentric circular hole of diameter 2.5
m is submerged in water in such a way that its plane makes an angle of 30° with
the free surface of water. The top edge of the plate is 2 m below the free surface. L3 08
Determine the total pressure force on the plate and the position of the centre of
pressure.
c A differential U-tube mercury manometer is used to measure the pressure
difference between points A and B in a pipeline conveying water. The point A
is 0.5 m lower than point B. The difference in level of manometric fluid on two L3 06
limbs is 0.8 m. Calculate the pressure difference between point A and B. Take
Densities of mercury & water as 13600 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3.
OR
Q.02 a Derive an expression for the capillary rise of a liquid in tube of diameter D L2 06
b A cylindrical shaft of 10 cm diameter rotates about a vertical axis inside a fixed
cylindrical tube of length 60 cm and 10.5 cm internal diameter. The space
between the tube and the shaft is filled by a lubricant of viscosity 2.0 poise. L3 06
Determine the power required to overcome the viscous resistance when the shaft
is rotated at a speed of 200 rpm
c Oil of specific gravity 0.8 is stored in a closed tank up to a certain height. Air is
entrapped at the top portion of the tank above oil. While one end of a U-tube
mercury manometer is connected to the tank, the other end is open to the
atmosphere as shown in Figure Q2c. Determine the air pressure in the tank.
Assume specific weights of mercury and water as 133.28 kN/m3 and 9.80 kN/m3
respectively. Take atmospheric air pressure as 101 kPa.

L3 08

Figure: Q02c
Module-2
Q.03 a Distinguish between
(i) Steady flow and Unsteady flow.
(ii) Uniform flow and Non-uniform flow L2 08
(iii) Rotational flow and Irrotational flow
(iv) Laminar flow and Turbulent flow

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b The water is flowing through a pipe having diameters 0.3 m and 0.5 m at the
upper and bottom ends, respectively. The intensity of pressures at the upper and
L2 05
bottom ends are 100 kPa and 300 kPa, respectively. If the rate of flow through
the pipe is 50 litres per second, then determine the difference in datum head.
c A venturimeter has a diameter of 0.16 m at the enlarged end and 0.08 m diameter
at the throat. It is fitted in a horizontal pipeline of diameter 0.16 m which carries
an oil of specific gravity = 0.85. If the coefficient of discharge of the
L3 07
venturimeter is 0.98 and the difference of pressure head between the enlarged
end and the throat recorded by a U-tube is 0.18 m of Hg, then determine the
discharge through the pipe. Take specific gravity of mercury as 13.6.
OR
Q.04 a Derive Euler’s equation of motion and obtain Bernoulli’s equation from it. L2 06
b Fluid flows through a pipeline which contracts from 45 cm diameter at A to 30
cm diameter at B and then branches into two pipes C and D as shown in Figure
Q04b. The diameter of the pipe C is 15 cm and diameter of the pipe D is 20 cm.
If the velocity at A be 1.8 m/s and that at D be 3.6 m/s. Determine velocity at B
and discharge at C and D

L3 08

Figure: Q04b
c The velocity potential for a two-dimensional flow field is given by 𝜑 = 3𝑥𝑦.
Calculate the components of velocity (1,3) and (3,3). Find also the discharge L3 06
between streamlines passing through these points.
Module-3
Q.05 a Obtain an expression for discharge over a triangular notch in terms of head of
water over its crest. Also mention the advantages of a triangular notch over a L2 05
rectangular notch.
b Derive an expression for increase in pressure in case of a rigid pipe due to sudden
closure of valve.
Water is flowing through a pipe of diameter 30 cm and length 2500 m with a
L2 08
velocity of 2.0 m/s. A valve is provided at the end of the pipe. If the valve is
closed in 30 seconds, find the rise in pressure. Take the velocity of pressure
wave as 1800 m/s.
c The water flows through a triangular right-angled weir first and then over a
rectangular weir of 1 m width. If the coefficients of discharge of the triangular
and rectangular weirs are 0.60 and 0.62, respectively and the depth of the L3 07
triangular weir is 30 cm, then determine the depth of water over the rectangular
weir.
OR
Q.06 a Define major and minor energy losses in pipes. Using Bernoulli’s equation,
L2 06
obtain an expression for loss of head due to sudden expansion of pipe.
b A jet of water issuing from an orifice 25 mm diameter under a constant head of
1.5 m falls 0.92 m vertically before it strikes the ground at 2.3 m measured
horizontally from the vena-contracta. The discharge was found to be 102 litres L3 08
per minute. Determine coefficients of velocity, discharge, and contraction of the
orifice.

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c The diameter of a horizontal pipe suddenly reduces from 0.5 m to 0.25 m due to
which pressure changes from 135 kPa to 110 kPa. If the flow rate of water is 0.4 L2 06
m3/s, then find the coefficient of contraction.
Module-4
Q.07 a Differentiate between:
(i) Steady and unsteady flow
L2 06
(ii) Uniform and non-uniform flow
(iii) Subcritical and supercritical flow
b What is meant by most economical section of channel? Derive the condition for
L3 07
most economical section of a rectangular channel
c An irrigation canal of trapezoidal section having side slope equal to 60° with the
horizontal and laid on a slope of 1 in 2500 carries a discharge of 14 m3/s.
L3 07
Determine the width at the base and depth of flow for most economical cross
section. Take Manning’s constant as 0.02.
OR
Q. a Explain a specific energy curve and derive expressions for critical depth and
critical velocity for rectangular channel L2 06
08
b Derive an expression for loss of energy head in terms of conjugate depths in a
L2 06
hydraulic jump
c Water is flowing through a rectangular channel of 3 m width at a rate of 10 m3/s.
If the depth of flow is 0.8 m, determine whether a hydraulic jump will occur,
L3 08
and if so, find its height. Also find the loss of energy and the power lost in the
hydraulic jump.
Module-5
Q.09 a With help of neat sketch explain velocity triangle L1 04
b A 50 mm diameter water jet having a velocity of 20 m/s impinges on a curved
vane which is moving in the same direction as that of the jet with a velocity of
5 m/s. The jet leaves the vane at an angle of 150° with the direction of motion
of vane. Neglecting friction find the following L3 08
(i) the force exerted by the jet in the direction of motion of the vane
(ii) the power developed by the jet
(iii) the efficiency of the vane.
c Obtain an expression for the work done per unit time by water on the runner of
a Pelton wheel. Also obtain an expression for the maximum efficiency of the L3 08
Pelton wheel.
OR
Q.10 a Show that jet of water striking at the center of the semicircular vane, the
maximum efficiency is corresponding to jet velocity of three times the vane L2 07
velocity and resulting efficiency, 𝜂 = 0.593
b Explain the components and working mechanism of a Francis turbine. L2 07
c A centrifugal pump delivers 0.3 m3/s against a head of 30 m at 1400 rpm. The
external diameter of impeller is 0.5 m and the outlet width is 0.05 m. If the L3 06
manometric efficiency is 80%, find the vane angle at outlet.

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