Phy Project

PHYSICS
PROJECT ON
PARALLEL AND SERIES COMBINATION
OF CAPACITORS
Academic Year: 2024-25

Project submitted in partial fulfilment of Practical Examination for class XII,
All India Senior Secondary Certificate Examination.
SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY :
Mr.ASHOK KUMAR
Name : VISHAL VS
Roll No. :
Class : 12AN2
SUGUNA PIP SCHOOL, COIMBATORE.

(CBSE, Affiliation No. 1930213)
CONTENTS
S.No. TOPIC Pg.No.
1. Certificate 1
2. Acknowledgement 2
3. Introduction 3
4. Theory 4
5. Experiment 6
6. Observations and Calculations 7
7. Conclusion 8
8. Bibliography 9
Teacher’s Signature
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr.VISHAL VS , Roll No. ___________ of class

XII (Session 2024-25), Suguna Pip School has completed the project based on
the topic PARALLEL AND SERIES COMBINATION OF CAPACITORS
as a part of the paper of Physics.
It is a bona-fide piece of work done under my supervision and guidance to

the best of my knowledge. It is the original work of the candidate and is a result
of his effort in partial fulfillment of requirement as per AISSCE curriculum of
class XII .
TEACHER In-charge PRINCIPAL
EXTERNAL
Date of the Examination

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Senior Principal, Dr.PS MARTIN and

Principal, Mr. POOVANNAN M, Coimbatore for their immeasurable direction
towards course of action and support throughout the project.
I would also like to thank my Faculty Guide, Mr.ASHOK KUMAR, for

his valuable mentoring throughout the project. The interesting lectures of my
knowledgeable teacher has helped me understand the various concepts related to
PARALLEL AND SERIES COMBINATION OF CAPACITORS and see their
presence in the actual world.
I got ample opportunity to do research, which enriched and

broadened my knowledge and understanding of this area. I am seriously
indebted to them.
Thanks to my parents, friends and everyone else who have been

directly or indirectly supportive during the course of my project.
Student Name : VISHAL VS
Register No. :
Class : XII-AN2
Date of Submission:
INTRODUCTION
Capacitors are pivotal components in electrical and electronic circuits,

serving as crucial elements for energy storage and management. Their
primary function is to store electrical energy in an electric field,
which can then be released or regulated as needed within a circuit.
The way capacitors are connected in a circuit can significantly
influence their overall behavior and effectiveness. This project
focuses on exploring two fundamental configurations of capacitors:
series and parallel combinations.
In a series combination, capacitors are arranged end-to-end, meaning

the positive terminal of one capacitor is connected to the negative
terminal of the next. This arrangement impacts the total capacitance
of the circuit in a unique manner. The combined effect is such that the
total capacitance is less than any individual capacitor in the series.
This is because the total capacitance in a series arrangement is given
by the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual
capacitances. Thus, adding more capacitors in series results in a lower
total capacitance.
Conversely, in a parallel combination, capacitors are connected such

that all their positive terminals are linked together, and all their
negative terminals are connected as well. In this configuration, the
total capacitance is simply the sum of the individual capacitances.
This means that connecting capacitors in parallel increases the total
capacitance, as each capacitor contributes to the overall charge
storage capacity of the circuit.
THEORY
1. Parallel Combination of Capacitors:

When capacitors are connected in parallel, the potential difference V across
each capacitor is the same and the charge on C1 and C2 is different, i.e., Q1
and Q2.
The total charge Q is given as:
Q=Q1+Q2
Q=C1*V+C2*V
Q/V=C1+C2
The equivalent capacitance is:
C=C1+C2
In case of more than two capacitors,
C=C1+C2+C3+…….
2. Series Combination of Capacitors:

When capacitors are connected in series, the magnitude of charge Q on each
capacitor is the same. The potential difference across C1 and C2 is different,
i.e., V1 and V2.
The total potenial difference V is given as;
V=V1+V2
V=Q/C1 + Q/C2
V/Q=1/C1 + 1/C2
The equivalent capacitance is:
1/ C=1/C1 + 1/C2
In case of more than two capacitors,
1/C=1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3+…….

EXPERIMENT
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
 Capacitors(450 μF)
 Multimeter
 Soldering Iron
 Wire Pieces
PROCEDURE:
1.Take 6 identical capacitors, measure capacitance of these

capacitors by multi-meter.
2. We have to connect the first 3 capacitors in parallel (circuit-
1) and another 3 in series(circuit-2).
3. We can connect the capacitors by the use of soldering iron,
capacitors can be connected by putting the melted wire pieces
over the connections with the help of soldering iron
4. Once the capacitors are connected, leave the circuit as it
takes a few seconds for it to become solid at all its ends.
5. Take a digital multi-meter and connect it across the
terminals of the prepared Circuit-1 and Circuit-2.
6. Set the multi-meter over the capacitance option so as to
obtain the value of the associated capacitance of the circuit.
7. Keep the multi-meter at same terminals for a while so that
précised value of capacitance can be observed.
8. Once value of capacitance obtained on multi-meter,
compare it with the theoretically calculated value.
OBSERVATIONS and CALCULATIONS
Combination of Experimental Theoretical value

Capacitor value of of Capacitance
Capacitance
Parallel 1352.6μF 1350μF
Series 148.9μF 150μF
• Parallel Combination
C1 = 450uF;C2 = 450uF;Сз = 450uF
Net Capacitance in Parallel Combination:
Cp = C1 + C2 + C3
Cp = 450uF + 450uF + 450uF
Cp = 1350uF
• Series Combination
C1 = 450uF;C2 = 450uF;C3 = 450uF
Net Capacitance in Series Combination:
1/Cs=1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3
1/Cs=1/450uF + 1/450uF +1/450uF
Cs=150uF
CONCLUSION
The project successfully validated the theoretical laws of

capacitor combinations. For the parallel configuration, the
theoretical capacitance of 1350 uF closely matched the
experimental value of 1352.6 uF, confirming that Cp = C1 +
C2 + C3 is accurate.In the series configuration, the
theoretical capacitance of 150uF was near the experimental
value of 148.9uF, validating the formula 1/Cs=1/C1 + 1/C2
+ 1/C3.
Capacitors can be connected in series or parallel, and each

configuration has distinct effects on the total capacitance and
circuit behavior. In a series combination, the total capacitance
is less than the smallest individual capacitor, as the reciprocal
of the total capacitance equals the sum of the reciprocals of
individual capacitances. This arrangement is useful for
distributing voltage across capacitors or achieving a lower
total capacitance. In contrast, a parallel combination increases
the total capacitance, as it is the sum of all individual
capacitances. This arrangement allows for greater charge
storage and ensures the same voltage across all capacitors.
The choice between series and parallel depends on the
circuit’s requirements, such as desired capacitance, energy
storage, or voltage distribution.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 www.byjus.com
 Class 12 Physics text book

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PHYSICS

Academic Year: 2024-25

SUGUNA PIP SCHOOL, COIMBATORE.

6. Observations and Calculations 7

This is to certify that Mr.VISHAL VS , Roll No. ___________ of class

It is a bona-ﬁde piece of work done under my supervision and guidance to

TEACHER In-charge PRINCIPAL

Date of the Examination

I would like to thank Senior Principal, Dr.PS MARTIN and

I would also like to thank my Faculty Guide, Mr.ASHOK KUMAR, for

I got ample opportunity to do research, which enriched and

Thanks to my parents, friends and everyone else who have been

Student Name : VISHAL VS

Capacitors are pivotal components in electrical and electronic circuits,

In a series combination, capacitors are arranged end-to-end, meaning

Conversely, in a parallel combination, capacitors are connected such

1. Parallel Combination of Capacitors:

The total charge Q is given as:

The equivalent capacitance is:

In case of more than two capacitors,

2. Series Combination of Capacitors:

The total potenial difference V is given as;

In case of more than two capacitors,

1/C=1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3+…….

1.Take 6 identical capacitors, measure capacitance of these

Combination of Experimental Theoretical value

Series 148.9μF 150μF

The project successfully validated the theoretical laws of

Capacitors can be connected in series or parallel, and each

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