Physics Investigatory

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Shalini, student of class XII-B, Kendriya

Vidyalaya RRC, Fatehgarh has completed the project titled “To
verify laws of series and parallel combination of capacitors”
during the academic year 2019 – 2020 towards partial fulfilment
of credit for the Physics practical evaluation of CBSE 2019,
submitted satisfactory report, as compiled in the following
pages, under my supervision.
INTERNAL EXAMINER: EXTERNAL

EXAMINER:
Mr. Yogesh Kumar Awasthi
P.G.T. (Physics)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Mr.

Yogesh Kumar Awasthi, Teacher of Department of Physics for
her able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped me in
completing the project work, in time.
I would also like to thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff
of Physics department who helped me directly or indirectly in
the completion of this project.
Finally, yet importantly, I would like to express my heartfelt
thanks to my beloved parents for their blessings, my
friends/classmates for their help and wishes for the successful
completion of this project.
Shalini
XII B
PROCEDURE
1.Take 4 identical capacitors, measure capacitance of these

capacitors by multimeter.
2.We have to connect the first 2 capacitors in parallel (circuit-1)
and another 2 in series(circuit-2).
3.We can connect the capacitors by the use of soldering iron,
capacitors can be connected by putting the melted wire pieces
over the connections with the help of soldering iron.
4.Once the capacitors are connected, leave them circuit as it
takes a few seconds for it to become solid at all its ends.
5.Take a digital multimeter and connect it across the terminals
of the prepared circuit-1 and circuit-2.
6.Set the multimeter over the capacitance option so as to obtain
the value of the associated capacitance of the circuit.
7. Keep the multimeter at same terminals for a while so that
precised value of capacitance can be observed.
8.Once value of capacitance obtained on multimeter, compare it
with the theoretically calculated value.
THEORY
1. Parallel Combination of Capacitors:

When capacitors are connected in parallel, the potential
difference V across each is the same and the charge on C1, C2 is
different i.e., Q1 and Q2.
Parallel combination of Capacitors
The total charge is Q given as:

Q = Q1 + Q2
Q = C1 / V + C2 / V
Q / V = C1 + C2
Equivalent capacitance between a and b is:
C = C1 + C2
2. Series Combination of Capacitors:
When capacitors are connected in series, the magnitude of
charge Q on each capacitor is same. The potential difference
across C1 and C2 is different i.e., V1 and V2.
Series Combination of Capacitors
Q = C1 V1 = C2 V2
The total potential difference across combination is:
V = V1 + V2
V = Q / C1 + Q / C2
V / Q = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2
The ratio Q / V is called as the equivalent capacitance C
between point a and b.
The equivalent capacitance C is given by:
1 / C = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2
OBSERVATION TABLE
COMBINATION EXPERIMENTAL THEORITICAL

OF CAPACITORS VALUE OF VALUE OF
CAPACITANCE CAPACITANCE
PARALLEL 2.02 2.00
SERIES 0.53 0.50
RESULT
Capacitance In Parallel (CP) = 2.02
Capacitance In Series (CS) = 0.53
CONTENTS
 Certificate
 Acknowledgement
 Aim
 Apparatus
 Theory
 Diagram
 Procedure
 Calculations
 Observations
 Result
 Precautions
 Bibliography
 Completion Report
DIAGRAM
1.PARALLEL
2. SERIES
AIM
To verify laws of series and parallel combination of

capacitors.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
1. Capacitors
2. Multimeter
3. Soldering iron
4. Wire pieces
CALCULATIONS
1. PARALLEL
C1 = 1 µF
C2 = 1 µF
Net Capacitance In Parallel = C1 + C2
CP = 1 µF + 1 µF
CP = 2 µF
2. SERIES
C1 = 1 µF
C2 = 1 µF
Net Capacitance In Series = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2
1 / CS = 1 / 1 + 1 / 1
CS = 0.50 µF
CONCLUSION
Laws of series and parallel combination of capacitors are
verified.
PRECAUTIONS
1.All connections should be tight.
2.Solder the ends of the capacitors used under the guidance of
an adult.
3.Handle the circuit with care.
4.Never apply power to the circuit while measuring resistance
with a Multimeter.
COMPLETION REPORT
It is declared that investigatory project submitted by the student
is thoroughly checked, remarked and is completely satisfactory
according to the guidance required to the teacher.
Mr. Yogesh Kumar Awasthi

P.G.T (Physics)
Kendriya Vidyalaya RRC Fatehgarh

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Shalini, student of class XII-B, Kendriya

INTERNAL EXAMINER: EXTERNAL

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Mr.

1.Take 4 identical capacitors, measure capacitance of these

1. Parallel Combination of Capacitors:

The total charge is Q given as:

COMBINATION EXPERIMENTAL THEORITICAL

PARALLEL 2.02 2.00

SERIES 0.53 0.50

To verify laws of series and parallel combination of

Mr. Yogesh Kumar Awasthi

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