JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

M. Pharmacy (PHARMACOGNOSY)
COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS

I Year – II Semester
Category Course Title Int. marks Ext. L P C
marks
Core Course IV Herbal Drug Technology 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Course V Advanced Pharmacognosy – II 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Course VI Plant Drug Analysis 25 75 4 -- 4
Core Elective II 1. Biostatistics And Research Methodology 25 75 4 -- 4
2. Screening Methods & Clinical Research
Open Elective II 1. Stability of Drugs and Dosage Forms 25 75 4 -- 4
2. Nano Based Drug Delivery Systems
3. Nutraceuticals
4. Advanced Drug Delivery system
Laboratory III Herbal Drug Technology Lab 25 75 4 -- 4
Laboratory IV Plant Drug Analysis Lab 25 75 -- 4 2
Seminar II Seminar 50 -- -- 4 2
Total Credits 24 8 28
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacognosy)

HERBAL DRUG TECHNOLOGY

Objectives: Helps the students in getting exposed to methods of extraction, preparation and purification
of herbal extracts. To acquire knowledge on the preparation and standardization of herbal preparation.
They will expose to various research institutions of natural products.

UNIT I
Herbal Extracts: Types of extracts, Extraction methods such as Maceration, Percolation, Super critical
fluid extraction and Ultra-sonic extraction
Equipment for preparing herbal extracts: Process and equipments- Name of the equipment and its uses
with merits and demerits in each of the following unit operations in the extraction process.
1. Size reduction
2. Extraction
3. Filtration
4. Evaporation/Distillation
5. Solvent recovery
6. Drying of extracts

UNIT II
Definition, classification of natural excipients: Sources, Chemical nature, Description parameters
Pharmaceutical uses and storage conditions of following Natural excipients
Binding agents, disintegrating agents, diluents, emulsifying agents:
Acacia, Tragacanth, Alginates, CMC, Gelatin, Pectin, Lactose, Starches, Talc,
Ointment bases, suppository bases and Hardening agents: Beeswax, Cocoa butter, Lanolin, Hard paraffin

UNIT III
a) A brief account on different research institutes and companies of both national and international
status like CIMAP, RRL, CDRL, NBRI, CSIR. National centre for development of natural products
(NCDNP), NCI, Natural product Research Institute (NPRI-Seoul), Arizona, Bristol- Mayer’s Squibb,
CIPLA, NCL(Pune) Chemiloids, Mehta Pharmaceuticals, Amsar.
b) Names of different companies manufacturing different herbal extracts, standardized extracts with
the concentration of marker compounds, active principles and claims regarding their uses.

UNIT IV
a) Herbal drug regulatory Affairs:
Introduction, Objectives of Herbal Drug Regulation, Current Status of Herbal Drug Regulatory Affairs
b) Research Organization: Study of infrastructure, staff requirements, project profile, plant and
equipment applicable to herbal drug industry. GLP and Regulatory requirements

UNIT V

Methods of preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Tablets, Capsules, Ointments Study of any three
formulations under each category with respect to their formulas and claims for various herbs used in them

Out comes: Helps the students to understand the organization and research of natural products in herbal
drugs industries.

Recommended/ Reference books:

1. Textbook of Pharmacognosy by G.E.Trease, W.C.Evans,ELBS
2. Textbook of HPTLC by P.D. Seth.
3. Herbal Perfumes and cosmetics by Panda
4. Pharmacognosy by V.E Tyler, LR Brandy and JE Robbers (KM Varghese & co., Mumbai)
5. Natural Excipients by R. S Gaud, Surana.
6. Handbook of Cosmetics by B.M. mittal and R.N Saha.
7. Herbal Drug industry by RD Chowdary
8. Herbal Drug Technology by SS Agarwal
9. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry by VD Rangari.
10.Indian Pharmacopoeia
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacognosy)

ADVANCED PHRMACOGNOSY-II

Objective: The students shall know about the importance of Nutraceuticals in various health conditions
and general method of preparation and evaluation of Herbal Cosmetics and get exposed to marine origin
drugs.

UNIT I
a. Definitions of Functional foods, Nutraceuticals and Dietary supplements. Classification of
Neutraceuticals, Health problems and diseases that can be prevented or cured by Nutraceuticals
i.e. weight control, diabetes, cancer etc.
b. Source, Name of marker compounds and their chemical nature, Medicinal uses and health benefits
of following used as neutraceuticals like Spirulina, Soyabean, Ginseng, Garlic, Bracoli, Ginko,
Flaxseeds, Black cohosh

UNIT II
Phytochemicals as neutraceuticals: Occurrence and characteristic features(chemical nature medicinal
benefits) of following
a) Carotenoids- α and β-Carotene, Lycopene, Xanthophylls
b) Polyphenolics: Reservetrol
c) Flavonoids- Rutin , Naringin, Quercitin
d) Tocopherols

UNIT III
a) Vegetable bitters: Biological source, Chemical Nature and description of bitter principles, and of the
following – Chirata, Quassia, Calumba, Calamus, Cusparia, Serpentaria
b) Vegetable Laxatives: Biological source, Chemical Nature and description of purgation actions and
therapeutics of the following: Senna, Cascara, Rubarb, Aloes, Isapgul, agar, castor oil

UNIT IV
Herbal cosmetics: General method of preparation and evaluation of Herbal Cosmetics such as
a. Skin care products b. Hair care preparations with examples and claims for the various herbal materials
used in them.
b. A brief account of following herbals or herb extracts or herbal products of cosmetic importance such as
Acacia pods, Aloe Vera, Almond oil, Neem, Henna, Liquorice, Olive oil, Sandal wood, tea tree oil and
wheat germ oil with special emphasis on their source, active principles and cosmetic properties

UNIT V
Marine Pharmacognosy: A brief account of natural products derived from Marine sources with special
reference to Cardiovascular, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, anticoagulant and anti-
inflammatory agents

Outcome: Helps the students to know about the Nutraceuticals and the herbal cosmetic formulations and
marine origin drugs.

Recommended/ Reference books

1. Quality control of herbal drugs by P.K. Mukherjee
2. Phytochemical methods of chemical analysis by Harbone
3. Indian herbal Pharmacopoeia
4. Standardization of botanicals by V. Rajpal, Vol I &II
5. Dietetics by Sri Lakshmi
6. Herbal Drug industry by Chowdary
7. Herbal Drug industry by Paridhavi
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacognosy)

PLANT DRUG ANALYSIS

Objective: Helps the students in getting exposed to the use of chromatographic techniques and
spectroscopy for the quantitative evaluation of phytoconstituents, preparation and evaluation of plant
extracts by specific methods.
UNIT I

a) A brief account on standardization parameters of herbal drugs.

b) Study of analytical profiles of following medicinal plants using WHO protocols.
Acorus calamus, Andrographis paniculata, Bacopa monneri, Boswellia serrata ,Coleus forshkohlii,
Curcuma longa, Glycrrhiza glabra

UNIT II
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of following Phytoconstituents by suitable analytical methods
(Chromatography, Spectroscopy, Titrimetry)
A )Atropine b) Capsaicin c) Ergot alkaloids d) Sennosides e) Aldehyde and Ketonic substances in volatile
oils

UNIT III
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of following Phytoconstituents by suitable analytical methods
(Chromatography and Spectroscopy)
a) Digoxin b)Glycyrrhizin c) Quercetin d) Quinine e) Phyllanthin

UNIT IV
a) Methods of Biogenetic Investigations, detailed study of isotropic tracer techniques.
b) Study of Biosynthetic pathways of Atropine, Morphine, Cardiac glycosides and Flavonoids.

UNIT V
Screening of herbal extracts/ phyto constituents for
a) Anti-oxidant activity by following methods with special emphasis on the principle involved in the
methodology along with suitable examples free radical scavenging activities (DPPH radical scavenging
method, Reducing power assay, Nitric oxide radical scavenging method, Hydroxyl radical scavenging
method, superoxide radical scavenging method, Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging method)
b) Hepatoprotecive, Diuretic and anti ulcers activity

Outcome: Helps the students to understand the importance of quality control of herbal drugs using
modern analytical techniques.

Recommended/ Reference books

1. Quality control of herbal drugs by P.K. Mukherjee
2. Phytochemical methods of chemical analysis by Harbone
3. Indian herbal Pharmacopoeia
4. Standardization of botanicals by V. Rajpal, Vol I &II
5. Plant Drug Analysis by Wagner H and Bladt S.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacognosy)

BIOSTATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

(Core Elective- II)

Objective: The student shall know the introduction, scope of biostatistics and Research work, calculation
and present of the data. It also informs the students, how the present research work writing and
correlating.
.
UNIT I
Introduction and scope of biostatistics: Use of statistics in Pharmacy. Population and Sample collection.
Stages of research, types of data and methods of data collections. Data arrangement and presentation,
formation of table and charts.

UNIT II
Measures of central tendency: computation of means, median and mode from grouped and ungrouped
data.
Measure of dispersion: computation of variance, standard deviation, standard error and their
coefficients.

UNIT III
Measures of Correlation and Regression: Experimental designing, planning of an experiment,
replication and randomization. Probit analysis.
Probability rules: Binomial, Poison and Normal distribution.
Hypothesis testing: Student‘t’ test, Chi square test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): 1-way, 2-way, 3-
ways

UNIT IV
Developing a research question, Resources for research question,
Literature Review: Traditional Qualitative Review,
Meta-Analysis—A Quantitative Review
Preparation of Research Proposal
Variables—Definition of Variable, Types of variables (Dependent and Independent variables, Confounded
variables), Measurement of variables, Types of measurement scales and their comparison. Reliability and
Validity of Measurements.

UNIT V
The research report paper writing/ thesis writing
Different parts of the research paper
1. Title-Title of project with authors’ name
2. Abstract – Statement of the problem, Background list in brief and purpose and scope
3. Key words
4. Methodology- subject, apparatus, instrumentation and procedure
5. Results – tables, graphs figure and statistical presentation
6. Discussion support or non-support of hypothesis, practical and theoretical implications
7. Conclusion
8. Acknowledgements
9. References
10. Errata
11. Importance of Spell check for entire projects
12. Uses of footnotes
Outcome: The student will be known the Biostatistics arrangement, presentation and formation of tables
and charts. They also know the correlation and regression & application of different methods, analysis of
data and also learn how to write dissertation, thesis and Research paper.

Text Books
1. Deepak Chawla Neena Sondhi, Research Methodology Concepts and Cases, Vikas books publishers
2. Donald H. McBurney -Theresa L. White “Research Methods” ( Cengage learning India Pvt. Ltd)

Reference Books
1. Remington”s Pharmaceutical Sciences
2. Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Lachman
3. Statistics for business and economics 3rd edition by Vikas books publications
4. Biostatistics & Computer applications by GN Rao and NK Tiwari
5. Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. 1987. An Introduction to Biostatistics. W.H. Freeman and Company.
6. Bailey, N.T.J. 1981. Statistical Methods in Biology. English University Press.
7. Mitchell, K. and Glov er, T. 2001. Introduction to Biostatistics. McGraw Hill,
Publishing Co.
8. Biostatistics and Computer Applications by G.N. Rao and N.K. Tiwari
9. Fundamentals of Biostatistics by Khan and Khanum
10. Research Methodology by RK Khanna bis and Suvasis Saha
11. Research methods and Quantity methods by G.N.Rao
12. A practical approach to PG dissertation.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacognosy)

SCREENING METHODS AND CLINICAL RESEARCH

(Core Elective- II)

Objective: The students is going to study about various techniques for screening of drugs for various
pharmacological activities and guide lines for handling animals and human and animal ethics for
screening of drugs.

UNIT I
Care Handling and breeding techniques of laboratory animals, Regulations for laboratory animals,
CPCSEA guidelines, alternatives to animal studies, Good laboratory Practices.

UNIT II
Bioassays: Basic principles of Biological standardization: Methods used in the bio-assay of Rabbis
Vaccine, Oxytocin, Tetanus Antitoxin and Diphtheria Vaccine. Test for pyrogens.

UNIT III
Toxicity tests: OECD guidelines, determination of LD50, acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity studies.

UNIT IV
Organization of screening for the Pharmacological activity of new substances with emphasis on the
evaluation cardiac, psychopharmacological, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-diabetic.

UNIT V
Clinical evaluation of new drugs, Phases of clinical trial, protocol design, Ethics in human research.

Outcome: The expected outcomes are student will know how to handle animals and know about various
techniques for screening drugs for different pharmacological activities and guidelines and regulations for
screening new drug molecules on animals and human volunteers.

Text Books:
1. Screening methods in Pharmacology, Vol.-1&2 by Robert .A. Turner and Peter Hebborn.
2. Drug discovery and evaluation by H.G.Vogel and W.H.Vogel, Springerverlag, Berlin Heideleberg.
3. Handbook of experimental pharmacology by S.K. Kulkarni, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.
4. Textbook of clinical trials edited by David Machin, Simon Day and Sylvan green.
5. Principles of clinical research edited by Giovanna di ignazio, Di Giovanna and Haynes

Reference Books:
1. ICH of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use, ICH harmonized
tripartite guidelines - Guidelines for good clinical practice, E6, May 1996.
2. Good clinical practice - Guidelines for Clinical trials on pharmaceutical products in India, Central drug
standard control organization, New Delhi, Minister of Health- 2001.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacognosy)

STABILITY OF DRUGS AND DOSAGE FORMS

(Open Elective- II)

Objective: These topics are designed impart a specialized knowledge to preserve the properties of drugs
and dosage forms during manufacture storage and shelf life. The understanding of properties and
evaluation of stability during storage, by solution and solid state against several factors of degradation

UNIT-I
Drug decomposition mechanisms:
1. Hydrolysis and acyltransfers: Nature of reaction, structure and utility, stabilization of
Pharmaceutical examples.
2. Oxidation: Nature of oxidation, kinetics of oxidation, oxidation pathways of pharmaceutical,
Interest Inhibition of oxidation
3. Photolysis: Energetics of photolysis, kinetics photolysis, photolytic reactions of pharmaceutical
interest, prevention of photolytic reactions.

UNIT-II
Solid state chemical decomposition: Kinetic of solids state decomposition, Pharmaceutical examples of
solid state decomposition, Pure drugs, drug excipient and drug-drug interaction in solid state, methods of
stabilization.
Physical stability testing of dosage forms:
1. Solids – tablets, capsules, powder and granules
2. Disperse systems
3. Microbial decomposition
4. Over-view, physical stability of novel drug carriers, liposomes, niosomes, nano-particles.

UNIT-III
Identification and quantitative determination of preservatives, Antioxidants, colouring materials,
emulsifiers and stabilizers in Pharmaceutical formulation.
Analysis of drugs from biological samples including, selection of biological sample, extraction of drugs by
various methods as LLE, SPE and Membrane filtration.Factors affecting extraction of drugs.

UNIT-IV
General method of analysis to determine the quality of raw materials used in cosmetic industry. .. Indian
Standard Specifications (ISI) laid down for sampling and testing of various cosmetics in finished form by
the Bureau of Indian Standards.

UNIT-V
Methods of analysis to determine the quality of cosmetics in the finished forms such as Hair care
products, Skin care products, Baby care products, Dental products, Personal hygiene products, Colour
cosmetics, Ethnic products, Colour makeup preparation, Lipsticks, Hair setting lotions and Eye shadows.
Toxicity testing in cosmetics and Safety and Legislation of Cosmetic products.
Stability studies: Concept of stability studies.
a) cGMP& ICH guidelines for Accelerated stability Testing.
b) Interaction of containers & closure Compatibility Testing.

Outcome:
The students will learn the evaluation of stability of solutions, solids and formulations against adverse
conditions. The students should be able to suggest the measures to retain stability and storage conditions
for retaining the efficacy of the products.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Comprehensive Pharmacy Review 5th Edition by Leon Shargel, Alan H. Mutnick, Paul F. Souney,
Larry N. Sawnson – 2004.
2. A. H. Beckett and J. B. Stenlake Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Part I and Part II, 4th Edition.
3. G. H. Jeffery, J. Basset, J. Mendham, R. C. Denny (Rev. by) Vogels Text Book of Quantitative
Chemical Analysis, 5th Edition 1989, ELBS.
3. The Controller of Publications; New Delhi, Govt. of India, Indian Pharmacopoeia, Vol. I and Vol. II -
2010.
4. J. B. Wilkinson and R. J. Moore :Herry’sCosmeticology; Longman Scientific and Technical
Publishers, Singapore.
5. P.D. Sethi; Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations, 3rd Edition - 1997,
6. Classification of cosmetics raw materials and adjuncts IS 3958 of Indian Standards Institution (BIS).
7. Cosmetic and toilet goods – methods of sampling IS 3958 of Indian Standards Institution (BIS).
8. Methods of sampling and test for various cosmetics as laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards.
9. Drug stability: Principles and practices by Jens T. Carstensen
10. Stability Testing of Drug Products by W.Grimm. 12. Stability of Drugs and Dosage Forms by
Yoshioka and Stella.
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacognosy)

NANO BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

(Open Elective- II)

Objective - To develop expertise regarding suitability and evaluation of nanomaterials, able to apply the
properties to the fabrication of nanopharmaceutical, evaluate the intensity of dosage forms and availability
for targeting and controlled delivery.

UNIT I – Introduction to Nanotechnology

a) Definition of nanotechnology
b) History of nanotechnology
c) Unique properties of nanomaterials
d) Role of size and size distribution of nanoparticles properties, classification.

UNIT II – Synthesis of Nanomaterials

a) Physical, chemical and biological Methods
b) Methods for sysnthesis of
 Gold nanoparticles
 Magnetic nanoparticles
 Polymeric nanoparticles
 Self – assembly structures such as liposomes , micelles, aquasomes and nanoemulsions

UNIT III – Biomedical applications of Nanotechnology

a) Nanotechnology products used for in vitro diagnostics
b) Improvements to medical or molecular imaging using nanotechnology
c) Targeted nanomaterials for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose

Unit IV
Design of nanomaterials for drug delivery, pulmonary and nasal drug delivery, nanomaterials for cancer
therapy and cardiovascular diseases. Localized drug delivery systems.

Unit V
Characterization including the principles, size reduction, analysis of nanoparticles, size, PDI, size
separation, stability, methods of analysis regarding integrity and release of drugs

Outcomes – The students should be able to select the right kind of materials, able to develop nano
formulations with appropriate technologies, evaluate the product related test and for identified diseases
Recommended Books:
1. Nanomedicine and Nanoproducts: Applications, Disposition and Toxicologyin the Human body, Eiki
Igarashi, CRC press. 2015
2. Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Volume one and two: Nanoplatforms in Drug Delivery, Jose
L.Arias,CRC press
3. Nano: The Essentials: Understanding Nanosicence and Nanotechnology, T.Pradeep, Tata McGraw-
Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2008.
4. Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, C.N.R.Rao, P.J.Thomas and G.U. Kulakarni,
Springer(2007)
5. Nanostructures and Nanomaterilas: Synthesis, Properties and Application, GuozhongGao, Imperial
College Press(2004)
6. Nanochemistry:A Classical Approach to Nanomaterials – Royal Society for Chemistry, Cambridege,
UK (2005)
7. Nanocomposite science and technology, pulickelM.Ajayan, Linda S.Schadler, paul V.Braun, Wiley-
VCH Verlag, Weiheim (2003)
8. Nanoscale materials in chemistry, Edited by Kenneth J.Klabunde, John Wiley & Sons,2009
9. Nanoparticles as Drug carriers, Vladimir P Torchiling, Imperial College Press, USA, 2006
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacognosy)

NUTRACEUTICALS
(Open Elective- II)

Objectives: the students will get exposed to characteristic features of various phytochemicals as
Nutraceuticals in various diseased conditions and also know the role of antioxidants in free radical
induced diseased conditions and will expose to various food laws and regulations.

UNIT I
a. Definitions of Functional foods, Nutraceuticals and Dietary supplements. Classification of
Nutraceuticals, Health problems and diseases that can be prevented or cured by Nutraceuticals
i.e. weight control, diabetes, cancer etc.
b. Source, Name of marker compounds and their chemical nature, Medicinal uses and health benefits
of following used as nutraceuticals/functional foods:
Spirulina, Soyabean, Ginseng, Garlic, Broccoli, Gingko, Flaxseeds

UNIT II
Phytochemicals as neutraceuticals: Occurrence and characteristic features(chemical nature medicinal
benefits) of following
a) Carotenoids- α and β-Carotene, Lycopene, Xanthophylls, lutein
b) Sulfides: Diallylsulfides, Allyl trisulfide.
c) Polyphenolics: Reservetrol
d) Flavonoids- Rutin , Naringin, Quercitin, Anthocyanidins, catechins, Flavones
e) Prebiotates / Probiotics.: Fructo oligosaccharides, Lacto bacillum
f) Phytoestrogens : Isoflavones, daidzein, Geebustin, lignans
g) Tocopherols

UNIT III
a) Introduction to free radicals: Free radicals, reactive oxygen species, production of free radicals in
cells, damaging reactions of free radicals on lipids, proteins, Carbohydrates, nucleic acids.
b) Measurement of free radicals: Lipid peroxidation products, lipid hydroperoxide,malondialdehyde.

UNIT IV
a. Free radicals in Diabetes mellitus, Inflammation, Ischemic reperfusion injury, Cancer,
Atherosclerosis, Free radicals in brain metabolism and pathology, kidney damage, muscle damage.
Free radicals involvement in other disorders. Free radicals theory of ageing.
b. Antioxidants: Endogenous antioxidants – enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defence,
Superoxide dismutase, catalase, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione Vitamin C, Vitamin E, α-
Lipoic acid, melatonin

Synthetic antioxidants : Butylated hydroxy Toluene, Butylated hydroxy Anisole.

UNIT V
Food Laws and Regulations; FDA, FPO, MPO, AGMARK. HACCP and GMPs on Food Safety.
Adultration of foods.
Regulations and Claims – Current Products: Label Claims, Nutrient Content Claims, Health Claims,
Dietary Supplements Claims

Outcome: Helps the students to understand the importance of Nutraceuticals in various common health
problems with the concepts of free radicals.

REFERENCES:
1. Dietetics by Sri Lakshmi
2. Role of dietary fibres and neutraceuticals in preventing diseases by K.T Agusti and P.Faizal:
BSPunblication.
3. Advanced Nutritional Therapies by Cooper. K.A., (1996).
4. The Food Pharmacy by Jean Carper, Simon & Schuster, UK Ltd., (1988).
5. Prescription for Nutritional Healing by James F.Balch and Phyllis A.Balch 2ndEdn., Avery Publishing
Group, NY (1997).
6. G. Gibson and C.williams Editors 2000 Functional foods WoodheadPubl.Co.London.
7. Goldberg, I. Functional Foods. 1994. Chapman and Hall, New York.
8. Labuza, T.P. 2000 Functional Foods and Dietary Supplements: Safety, Good Manufacturing Practice
(GMPs) and Shelf Life Testing in Essentials of Functional Foods M.K. Sachmidl and T.P. Labuza eds.
Aspen Press.
9. Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Third Edition (Modern Nutrition)
10. Shils, ME, Olson, JA, Shike, M. 1994 Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Eighth edition. Lea
and Febiger
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacognosy)

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

(Open Elective- II)

Objective: The students shall know the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic on the basis of CDDS.
They also know the design evaluation and application related to oral, parenteral, transdermal, implants,
bioadhesives and targeted drug delivery systems.

UNIT I
Fundamentals of controlled drug delivery systems, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic basis of
controlled drug delivery. Design, fabrication, evaluation and applications of the following controlled
releasing systems
a. Controlled release oral drug delivery systems
b. Parenteral controlled release drug delivery systems

UNIT II
Design, fabrication, evaluation and applications of the following
a. Implantable Therapeutic systems
b. Transdermal delivery systems
c. Ocular and Intrauterine delivery systems
d. Vaccine delivery : Delivery systems used to promote uptake, absorption enhancers, oral immunization,
controlled release microparticles form vaccine development

UNIT III
Biochemical and molecular biology approaches to controlled drug delivery of
a. Bioadhesive drug delivery systems
b. Nasal drug delivery systems
c. Drug delivery to Colon

UNIT IV
Biochemical and molecular biology approaches to control drug delivery of
a. Liposomes
b. Niosomes
c. Microspheres
d. Nanoparticles
e. Resealed erythrocytes

UNIT V
Drug targeting to particular organs
a. Delivery to lungs
b. Delivery to the brain and problems involved
c. Drug targeting in neoplasams

Outcomes: Students will know the fabrication, design, evaluation and application of above drug delivery
systems.
Text Books
1. Novel Drug Delivery System by Yie W. Chien.
2. Controlled Drug Delivery by Joseph R. Robinson and Vincent H. L. Lee.
3. Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery Systems by N. K. Jain.
4. Targeted and Controlled Drug Delivery (Novel carrier systems) by S. P. Vyas and Khar.
5. Modern Pharmaceutics by Gilbert S. Banker and Christopher T. Rhodes..
6. Advances in Drug Delivery, Vol 1, 2, 3 by Y.Madhusudan Rao, A.V. Jithan
7. Oral Drug Delivery Technology, 2nd ed, by Aukunuru Jithan
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacognosy)

HERBAL DRUG TECHNOLOGY

List of Experiments:

1. Isolation of Bixin from Bixa orellana

2. Isolation of Lawsone from Henna
3. Preparation of Curcuminoids
4. Isolation of starches from potatoes and rice
5. Preparation and standardization of any two herbal tablets
6. Preparation and evaluation of herbal ointments
7. Preparation and evaluation of any two of each hair care and skin care products
 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
I Year – II Sem M.Pharm (Pharmacognosy)

PLANT DRUG ANALYSIS LAB

List of Experiments:

1. Estimation of aldehyde and ketone in volatile oils by titrimetric methods

2. Estimation of phenolic substances
3. Determination of Sennoside content in Senna leaves by colorimetric analysis
4. Determination of Withania alkaloids/steroids by colorimetric analysis
5. Determination of moisture content, heavy metals
6. Microscopical evaluation of organized powder crude drugs
7. Screening of herbal extracts/ products for anti microbial and antifungal. and
8. Screening of herbal extracts/ products for Antihelminthic
9. Screening of herbal extracts/ products for antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging methods
10. Study of analytical profile of any two plants mentioned in theory with special emphasis on marker
compounds