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    Inferential-Statistics-1

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    Jenrick Prieto

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    Inferential-Statistics-1

    Uploaded by

    Jenrick Prieto
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    1 views17 pages

    Inferential-Statistics-1

    Uploaded by

    Jenrick Prieto

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    INFERENTIAL

    6.53

    STATISTICS
    Inferential Statistics:
    • A branch of statistics that involves using data
    from a sample to make inferences about a
    population.
    • It allows to draw conclusions and make
    predictions about a population based on a
    sample.
    INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

    PARAMETRIC TESTS NON-PARAMETRIC


    Assume that data is distributed, TESTS
    and the variances of the groups
    being compared are equal. Do not depend on any distribution.
    SCREENING AND CLEANING THE DATA

    Before you start to analyze your data, it is


    essential to check your data set for errors.
    SCREENING AND CLEANING THE DATA

    Step 1: Checking for errors


    Step 2: Finding the error in the data file
    Step 3: Correcting the error in the data file

    Analyze Descriptive Statistics Frequencies


    ASSESING NORMALITY

    An assessment of the normality of data is a


    prerequisite for many statistical tests because
    normal data is an underlying assumption in
    parametric testing.
    ASSESING NORMALITY

    There are several methods of assessing whether


    data are normally distributed or not. They fall
    into two broad categories: graphical and
    statistical.
    ASSESING NORMALITY

    Graphical:
    • Q-Q probability plots
    • Cumulative frequency (P-P) plots

    Statistical
    • Shapiro-Wilk test
    • Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
    Statistical tests for normality are more precise
    since actual probabilities are calculated.

    Tests for normality calculate the probability that


    the sample was drawn from a normal population.
    The hypotheses used are:

    Ho: The sample data are not significantly


    different than a normal population.

    Ha: The sample data are significantly different


    than a normal population.
    When testing for normality:

    • Probabilities > 0.05 indicate that the data are normal


    • Probabilities < 0.05 indicate that the data are not
    normal
    Shapiro-Wilk test: more appropriate method for small
    sample sizes (<50 samples)

    Kolmogorov-Smirnov test: used for a larger sample


    (n>50 samples)

    *Note: normality can be a problem when the sample


    size is small.
    SPSS Normality Tests

    Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Explore, then Plots > Normality
    Tests with Plots

    * If the data are normal, use parametric tests.


    * If the data are not normal, use non-parametric tests.

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