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    sanskrit

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    neymarsantos91112

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    sanskrit

    Uploaded by

    neymarsantos91112
    1 views3 pages

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    sanskrit

    Uploaded by

    neymarsantos91112

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Sanskrit and Prakrit Romanization Table

    2012 version

    Earlier versions: 2011, 1997

    Sanskrit and Prakrit (in Devanagari script)

    When Sanskrit is written in another script, the corresponding letters in that script are transliterated
    according to this table.

    Vowels and Diphthongs (see Note 1)

    अ a ॠ
    आ ā ऌ
    इ i ए e
    ई ī ऐ ai
    उ u ओ o
    ऊ ū औ au

    Consonants (see Note 2)

    Gutturals Palatals Cerebrals Dentals

    क ka च ca ट ṭa त ta
    ख kha छ cha ठ ṭha थ tha
    ग ga ज ja ड ḍa द da
    घ gha झ jha ढ ḍha ध dha
    ङ ṅa ञ ña ण ṇa न na
    Labials Semivowels Sibilants Aspirate

    प pa य ya श śa ह ha
    फ pha र ra ष ṣa
    ब ba ल la स sa
    भ bha ळ ḻa
    म ma व va
    Anusvāra (see Note 3) Anunāsika Visarga Jihvāmūlīya

    ◌ं ṃ ◌ँ m̐ ◌ः ḥ )( h

    Upadhmānīya Avagraha (see Note 4)

    ḫ ऽ ’ (apostrophe)

    2012 1
    Sanskrit and Prakrit Romanization Table
    2012 version

    2012 2
    Sanskrit and Prakrit Romanization Table
    2012 version

    Notes

    1. Only the vowel forms that appear at the beginning of a syllable are listed; the forms used for
    vowels following a consonant can be found in grammars; no distinction between the two is
    made in transliteration.

    2. The vowel a is implicit after all consonants and consonant clusters and is supplied in
    transliteration, with the following exceptions:
    a) when another vowel is indicated by its appropriate sign; and
    b) when the absence of any vowel is indicated by the subscript sign ( ◌् ) called halanta or
    virāma.

    3. Exception: Anusvāra is transliterated by:


    a) ṅ before gutturals,
    b) ñ before palatals,
    c) ṇ before cerebrals,
    d) n before dentals, and
    e) m before labials.

    4. When doubled, avagraha is transliterated by two apostrophes ( ’’ ).

    2012 3

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