Group-6-Velocity-and-Acceleration

GROUP 6
VELOCITY & ACCELERATION

WHAT IS VELOCITY?
Is defined as a vector measurement

of the direction and rate of the
motion.
The velocity in object can also be

defined as the rate of change in the
object’s position corresponding to a
frame of reference and time.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPEED & VELOCITY?
SPEED VELOCITY
1. It is defined as the rate 1. It is defined as the rate of

of change of distance. change of displacement.
2. It can never be negative 2. It can be negative zero or

or zero. positive.
3. Speed never decreases 3. Velocity can decrease with

with time. For a moving time. For a moving body, it can
body, it is never zero. be zero.
4. Speed is velocity
4. Velocity is directed speed.
without direction.
AVERAGE SPEED & AVERAGE VELOCITY FORMULA
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

Average speed = Average velocity =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
SPEED & VELOCITY FORMULAS
d
s= d
v=
s t v t
t= t=
d
d
v t
s t
d d
s t
d=𝑠 𝑡 v t
d=𝑣 𝑡
SPEED & VELOCITY PROBLEMS
1. John drove for 3 hours at a rate of 50 miles per hour and for 2 hours at 60 mph. What was
his average speed for the whole journey?
2. A plane with a speed of 41m/s travels 390,000m. Calculate the time it takes just before it
lands the airport?
3. A sprinter runs the 100 m dash in 14.4 s. What is the runner’s average velocity?
4. A car travels 40m east and then 90m west in 20 seconds.

(a) Calculate the average speed of the vehicle.
(b) What is the average velocity?
5. If Aaron travels for 1 minute at 5 m/s to the south, how much will she be displaced?
Speed tells you how fast the DISTANCE is changing,
whereas
Velocity tells you how fast the DISPLACEMENT is changing.
WHAT IS ACCELERATION?
Rate at which velocity changes with time,

in terms of both speed and direction.
A point or an object moving in a straight

line is accelerated if it speeds up or slows
down.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VELOCITY & ACCELERATION?
VELOCITY ACCELERATION
1. Implied on speed of an object. 1. Implied on change in velocity.
2. Requires speed for its measurement. 2. Requires velocity for its measurement.
3. Displacement / time 3. Velocity / time

ACCELERATION FORMULAS
a= d=(
= d=
= + 2ad
ACCELERATION PROBLEMS
1. A car accelerates from 15 m/s to 45 m/s in 5 seconds. Calculate the average acceleration of the car.
2. A truck accelerates from 25 km/h to 45 km/h in 40 seconds. Calculate the average acceleration of
the vehicle in km/h/s and in m/𝑠 2.
3. A jeepney driver is driving at the velocity of 20 m/s. A dog 50 m away suddenly crosses the road
and the driver immediately steps on the brake. He stops the jeepney in exactly 4 seconds.
(a) What is the jeepney’s acceleration?
(b) How far does the jeepney go before coming to a stop?
4. A sports car driver travelling at 95 km/h starts to break and comes to rest in 4 seconds. Calculate
the average acceleration of the car in m/𝑠 2 .
Speed tells you how fast the DISTANCE is changing,
whereas
Velocity tells you how fast the DISPLACEMENT is changing.
Acceleration tells you how fast the VELOCITY is changing.
WHAT IS FREE FALL?
Acceleration of free fall is the acceleration

produced when a body falls under the
influence gravitational force of the earth
alone.
This acceleration is acceleration due to

gravity. It is denoted by (g) and its value on
the surface of the earth is 9.8 m/𝑠 2 .
FREE FALL PROBLEMS
1. A ball is dropped from rest on a cliff.
(a) What is the speed of the ball 5 seconds later?
(b) What is the velocity of the ball at this time?
(c) How far does it travel during this time?
(d) What is the displacement of the ball?
2. A stone is dropped from the top of a building and hits the ground 5 seconds later. How tall is the
building?
3. A rock is released from rest on a 700 m building.
(a) How long does it take to hit the ground?
(b) What is the speed and velocity of the ball just before it hits the ground?
WHAT IS TERMINAL VELOCITY?
Is defined as the highest velocity attained

by an object falling through a fluid.
It is observed when the sum of drag force

and buoyancy is equal to the downward
gravity force acting on the object.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Newton’s law of motion, three statements

describing the relations between the forces
acting on a body and the motion of the body,
Isaac Newton, in full Sir Isaac Newton, (born
December 25, 1642 [January 4, 1643, New Style], first formulated by English physicist and
Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England—died March 20
[March 31], 1727, London), English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton, which are the
mathematician, who was the culminating figure of
the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century. In optics, foundation of classical mechanics.
his discovery of the composition of white
light integrated the phenomena of colours into
the science of light and laid the foundation for modern
physical optics. In mechanics, his three laws of motion,
the basic principles of modern physics, resulted in the
formulation of the law of universal gravitation.
In mathematics, he was the original discoverer of the
infinitesimal calculus.
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION
An object remains in the state of rest or of uniform motion

in a straight line unless compelled to change that state by
an applied unbalanced force. All objects resist a change
in their state of motion. The tendency of undisturbed
objects to stay at rest or to keep moving with the same
velocity is called inertia. This is why, the first law of motion is
also known as the law of inertia. Here the state of an
object is changed only when an external force acts on it.
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
The rate of change of momentum of a body at rest is

directly proportional to the applied force. Newton’s 2nd
law of motion states that: “When a net force acts on a
body, it produces an acceleration in the body in the
direction of the net force. The magnitude of this
acceleration is directly proportional to the net force
acting on the body and inversely proportional to its mass”.
Force = mass x acceleration
F=mxa g = 9.8 m/𝑠 2
𝑉𝑓 −𝑉𝑜
a=
𝑡
Most familiar version: Actual definition of
F=m a Newton’s 2nd law:
𝐹
a=𝑚
F
Other manipulation:
m=
𝐹 m a
𝑎
NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION
This law explains quantitatively how forces affect motion.

Newton’s 3rd law of motion deals with the reaction of a
body when a force acts on it. “To every action, there is
always an equal but opposite reaction.” According to this
law, the action is always accompanied by a reaction
force and the two forces must always be equal and
opposite. Note that action and reaction forces act on
different bodies.

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GROUP 6

VELOCITY & ACCELERATION

Is defined as a vector measurement

The velocity in object can also be

1. It is defined as the rate 1. It is defined as the rate of

2. It can never be negative 2. It can be negative zero or

3. Speed never decreases 3. Velocity can decrease with

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

4. A car travels 40m east and then 90m west in 20 seconds.

(b) What is the average velocity?

Rate at which velocity changes with time,

A point or an object moving in a straight

1. Implied on speed of an object. 1. Implied on change in velocity.

3. Displacement / time 3. Velocity / time

(a) What is the jeepney’s acceleration?

(b) How far does the jeepney go before coming to a stop?

Acceleration of free fall is the acceleration

This acceleration is acceleration due to

(b) What is the velocity of the ball at this time?

(c) How far does it travel during this time?

(d) What is the displacement of the ball?

3. A rock is released from rest on a 700 m building.

(a) How long does it take to hit the ground?

Is defined as the highest velocity attained

It is observed when the sum of drag force

Newton’s law of motion, three statements

An object remains in the state of rest or of uniform motion

The rate of change of momentum of a body at rest is

This law explains quantitatively how forces affect motion.

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