Applied Fluid Mechanics - C series

C
SERIES
Subsonic Wind Tunnel – C2

This wind tunnel has been designed to provide the fundamental air flow
SIMPLE AND SAFE IN OPERATION
facilities necessary to perform wind tunnel experiments. It’s mobility MANY OPTIONS AND MODELS AVAILABLE
makes it uniquely suitable for both laboratory or lecture room and the
performance of the tunnel and it’s instrumentation make it suitable for
simple project work.

H14/2: Computer compatible manometer bank

Experimental content
A wide range of measurements and demonstrations are possible with the equipment. A selection using the models and instrumentation provided are:
u Flow visualisation studies around an aerofoil and cylinder uM  easurement of drag for a selection of models of different shapes
u Measurement of pressure distribution around an aerofoil at various but common equatorial diameter
angles of attack u Demonstration of flutter of an aerofoil
u Measurement of pressure distribution around a cylinder u Calibration of the wind tunnel velocity indicator using a Pitot static
u Measurement of lift and drag on an aerofoil with leading edge slot tube and inclined manometer
and trailing edge flap u Investigation of the wake behind a cylinder or aerofoil using
u Velocity and pressure distribution measurements using a Pitot static a wake survey rake
tube and yaw probe

U K office - email: [email protected] tel: +44 (0) 1425 478781 (for ROW) Issue: 2 Applications

USA office - email: [email protected] tel: +1 (609) 208-2800 (USA only) URL: http://www.armfield.co.uk/c2 ChE ME CE IP
We reserve the right to amend these specifications without prior notice. E&OE © 2020 Armfield Ltd. All Rights Reserved

armfield.co.uk
 Description
The Armfield wind tunnel is simple and safe in operation. It is The two-component balance consists of a pair of balances supported
supplied as a complete self-contained facility mounted on castors on knife edges on mutually perpendicular axes parallel to and normal
for ease of movement. Main equipment comprises the tunnel with to the axial centre of the tunnel. Lift and drag components of force
a two-component balance system and an air speed indicator. exerted on the models under test are balanced by sliding weights along
the arms of the balance until a state of null deflection is reached.
Air enters the test section through a carefully designed contraction
followed by an aluminium honeycomb flow straightener Graduations in units of force allow lift and drag to be read directly.
designed to ensure that the flow is steady in both magnitude The complete assembly is linked to a simple oil filled damping pot.
and direction and has a flat transverse velocity profile.
Models are mounted on the balance within the working section
A low angle diffuser at the outlet end contributes to flow stability and a protractor with cursor allows angles of incidence to be
in the test section. A five bladed fan is located at the outlet of the changed quickly and accurately while the tunnel is running.
diffuser section. The fan is driven by an AC motor supplied from an
The accuracy of the tunnel and its instrumentation make it
inverter speed control unit, allowing smooth control of air speed.
suitable for undergraduate and simple research work.
The parallel octagonal test section is manufactured from clear acrylic and
A comprehensive range of accessories is available for use with the tunnel.
may be retracted on rails to permit unobstructed access to the models.

C2-13: Multi Tube Manometer

This is an inclinable manometer board equipped with 20 tubes,
acrylic manifold and a reservoir mounted on a vertical rod such that
the position of the datum manometer tube levels may be adjusted
to convenient heights before commencing experiments.
Scale length is 370mm accommodating measurement
of pressure up to 290mm water gauge.
This general purpose kerosene manometer is suitable
for use with many Armfield model accessories requiring
pressure measurement (kerosene supplied).

C2-14: Pressure Wing, Cylinder, Wake Survey,

Rake & Flow Visualisation Kit
The wing profile is based on the NACA 0015 aerofoil section with chord
length of 100mm. Eleven pressure tappings,
all perfectly flush with the wing surface are distributed around the
profile and fitted with flexible tubes designed to be connected
to the multi tube manometer C2-13. All the tubes are housed
inside the wing to avoid interference with the air flow.
The wing position can be adjusted and one of the two end plates
is graduated so that the angle of attack can be read directly.
C2-14 includes flow visualisation around the wing or any of the other
optional models. A lightweight twine follows the flow contour around the
model and shows if and where boundary layer separation (breakaway)
occurs. A simple adjustment arrangement allows the length of twine
and its vertical and horizontal position to be easily varied. An eighteen
tube wake survey rake is provided together with a 25mm diameter
cylinder so that its wake may be compared with that of the aerofoil. C2-13 Multi tube manometer bank
C2-15: Aerofoil with Slot & Flap
The aerofoil, accurately machined to NACA 0015 profile, is equipped with
an adjustable leading edge slot and trailing edge flap. It has a 63mm chord
and a 250mm span. The flap is adjustable in angular deflection and in
clearance from the aerofoil.
Experimental results such as lift curve slope (corrected for aspect ratio),
maximum lift and maximum drag may be checked against NACA data
(NACA details not supplied).

C2-16: Pitot Static Tube

This item is of 4mm diameter stainless steel tube with a collet type
mounting chuck to facilitate full traverse across the working section.
It is of Prandtl design and may be used with negligible correction up to
angles of yaw of at least five degrees.
As with the yaw probe, C2-17, this instrument is designed to be used in
C2-15 Aerofoil with slot & flap
conjunction with other models where velocity and pressure distributions
are of interest. The multi tube manometer C2-13 is used to monitor the
pressure readings.
C2-17: Yaw Probe
This item is of 4mm diameter stainless steel tube with a collet type
mounting chuck to facilitate full traverse across the working section.
It is of the three hole type with centre hole for total pressure determination.
It is provided with an aligning block with set screw to permit calibration in
the wind tunnel. The multi tube manometer C2-13 is used to monitor the
pressure readings.

C2-18: Drag Models

Five models, designed to be mounted in the lift and drag balance
and all of the same equatorial diameter, are provided: C2-18 Optional drag models
u sphere
u hemisphere, convex to airflow direction
u hemisphere, concave to airflow direction
u circular disk
u streamlined shape
A spare support rod is provided for drag calibration purposes.

C2-19: Pressure Cylinder

The polished cylinder of 50mm diameter is provided with 19 equi-spaced
tapping points around the circumference, i.e. at ten intervals between 0°
and 180° inclusive. The model is designed to be mounted vertically and
pressure tapping points taken through the cylinder are connected to a
series of flexible tubes suitable for the multi tube manometer (C12-13).

C2-20: Flutter Wing

The flutter wing is constructed of solid balsa wood and is a two
dimensional symmetrical aerofoil to NACA 0015 specification. C2-19 Pressure cylinder
The aerofoil has aluminium end plates and is supported at each corner
by two springs. These eight suspension springs simulate the flexural and
torsional structural characteristics of a real three dimensional wing.
Angle of attack is adjustable. The flutter air speed may be determined
experimentally and the value compared with a calculated one.

Inclined Manometer
The tunnel air speed is indicated on a sloping manometer, calibrated in
metres/second, connected to a manifold surrounding the upstream end
of the test section. Four equally spaced static orifices, connected to the
manifold, minimise the possibility of interference effects from a model
mounted in the test section.

Inclined manometer
Ordering specification
u S elf-contained wind tunnel for the study of subsonic aerodynamics, u  ontraction area ratio: 3:1
C
complete with two-component balance system and air speed indicator u Motor rating: 1.5kW
u Special features: u A user instruction manual is supplied
-C  ontraction and Diffuser:
Precision glass fibre mouldings u Optional models and instrumentation allow:
 - Test Section: - Flow visualisation studies around an aerofoil and cylinder
 Clear acrylic, which retracts to permit access to the models - Measurement of pressure distribution around an aerofoil at various
- Adjustment of models can be made with the tunnel in operation angles of attack or around a cylinder
- Fan: Variable speed motor driven unit downstream of the working - Measurement of lift and drag on an aerofoil with leading edge slot
section permitting stepless control of airspeed between 0 and 26ms-1 and trailing edge flap
-B  alance: Lift and drag - Velocity and pressure distribution measurements using a pitot static
Lift - 7.0N, Drag - 2.5N, Sensitivity ±0.01N tube and yaw probe
-A  ir speed: Indicated on inclined manometer directly calibrated in m/s - Measurement of drag for models of different shapes but common
equatorial diameter
- S upport structure:
A strong steel frame including working surface and fitted with - Demonstration of flutter of an aerofoil
castors for easy movement - Calibration of the wind tunnel velocity indicator using
u Suitable for undergraduate and simple research work a pitot static tube
u Working section: 304mm wide x 304mm high x 457mm long - Investigation of the wake behind a cylinder or aerofoil using
(octagonal cross-section) a wake survey rake

Requirements Scale Optional Accessories

u C2-13: Multi tube manometer
PC USB u C2-14: Pressure wing, cylinder, wake survey, rake & flow visualisation kit
1Ph
u C2-15: Aerofoil with slot and flap
Electrical supply: u C2-16: Pitot static tube
u C2-10-A: 220/240V/1ph/50Hz u C2-17: Yaw probe
u C2-10-G: 220V/1ph/60Hz u C2-18: Drag models
u C2-19: Pressure cylinder
u C2-20: Flutter wing
u H14/2: Computer compatible manometer bank

HOT COLD

PC IFD
1Ph 7

USB FM
COLD
6X

HEARING oil
PROTECTION DRAIN

EXTRACTOR

Overall dimensions
Dimensions
Length 2.98m
Ordering codes
Width 0.8m
C2-10-A
Height 1.83m
C2-10-G
Packed and crated shipping specifications
(for optional accessory ordering codes please see above)
Net weight 4m3
Gross weight 430Kg
Armfield standard warranty applies with this product

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Commissioning
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