Agkis Patricia P. (PoM).PDF

Process
of
Metabolism
Metabolism refers to the chemical (metabolic)
processes that take place as your body converts
foods and drinks into energy. Metabolism is divided
into two categories:
Catabolism - the breakdown

of molecules to obtain energy.
Anabolism - the synthesis of
all compounds needed by the
cell.
Metabolism is linked to nutrition
and the availability of nutrients.
Bioenergetics is the part of
biochemistry concerned with the
energy involved in making and
breaking of chemical bonds in
the molecules found in biological
organisms.
One of the vital components

of metabolism is energy formation.
Nutrition,
Metabolism and
Energy
Nutrition is the key to metabolism. The
pathways of metabolism rely upon the
nutrients that they break down in order
to produce energy.
This energy in turn is required by the
body to produce new proteins, nucleic
acids (DNA, RNA), among other
nutrients.
Nutrients in relation to metabolism
include bodily requirement for various
substances, individual functions of the
body, amount needed and the level
below which poor health results, among
others.
Food provides a variety of substances
that are essential for the building,
upkeep, and repair of body tissues, and
for the efficient functioning of the
body.
The diet needs important nutrients
like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and
around 20 other inorganic elements.
The major elements are provided by
carbohydrates, lipids, and protein. In
addition, vitamins, minerals, and water
are essential.
Carbohydrates
in
Metabolism
Carbohydrates in Metabolism
Carbohydrates — fiber, starches and sugars — are essential food nutrients.
Your body turns carbs into glucose (blood sugar) to give you the energy you
need to function. Complex carbs in fruits, vegetables and whole-grain foods
are less likely to spike blood sugar than simple carbs (sugars).
There are three forms of carbohydrates in food:

starch, sugar, and cellulose (fiber).
Starches and sugars are the major sources of

energy for humans. Fibers provide bulk in diet.
Body tissues rely on glucose for all activities.
Simple carbohydrates vs. complex carbohydrates: What’s the difference?
Cellulose (Fibers) - It takes your body

longer to break down complex carbs, so
they’re less likely to cause spikes in
blood sugar. They also contain vitamins,
minerals and fiber that your body
needs.
Starches and Sugar -Simple carbs, on

the other hand, digest quickly. So, they
tend to spike your blood sugar. Too
many simple carbs can contribute to
weight gain. They can also increase
your risk of diabetes, heart disease and
high cholesterol.
Most people consume
half of their diet from
carbohydrates such
as dairy, grains, and
starchy vegetables.
Proteins in Metabolism
Protein - are the building blocks

of life. Every cell in the human
body contains protein. The basic
structure of protein is a chain of
amino acids.
Functions of Protein
Build and repair muscles and bones
Involved in Hemoglobin Formation
Very important in supplying nitrogen for
DNA and RNA. (meaning protein is also involved in
genetics. Genes encode proteins and proteins dictate cell
function.
Proteins are needed for nutrition because they contain

amino acid among the 20 of more amino acids, the human
body is unable to manufacture 8 which are called essential
amino acids.
These Lysine
Tryptophan
include: Methionine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Foods with high
biologic value are
eggs, milk,
soybeans, meats,
vegetables, and
grains.
Fats
in
Metabolism
Fats are concentrated sources of energy. They
create twice as much energy as either
carbohydrates or protein on a weight basis.
The following are the functions of fats:

to help form the cellular structure
to form a protective cushion and insulation
around vital organs
to help absorb fat soluble vitamins
to provide a reserve storage for energy
2 types of FAT:
Saturated Fat - Bad fat.
Unsaturated Fat - these are
healthy o r good fats.
Minerals
and Vitamins
in Metabolism
The minerals in foods do not
contribute directly to energy
needs but are significant as body
regulators and play a role in the
metabolic pathways of the body.
More than 50 elements are found
in the human body. About 25
elements are found to be essential,
since a deficit produces specific
deficiency symptoms.
1. Calcium
2. Phosphorus
3. Iron
4. Sodium
Important 5. Potassium
6. Chloride Ions
Minerals 7. Copper
8. Cobalt
Include : 9. Manganese
10. Zinc
11. Magnesium
12. Fluorine
13. Iodine
Vitamins are important Vitamins important in
organic compounds that metabolism include:
the human
Vitamin A
body cannot synthesize by
B2 (riboflavin)
itself and must be present
Niacin or nicotinic acid
in the diet.
Pantothenic Acid
THANKYOU !

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Process

Catabolism - the breakdown

One of the vital components

There are three forms of carbohydrates in food:

Starches and sugars are the major sources of

Cellulose (Fibers) - It takes your body

Starches and Sugar -Simple carbs, on

Protein - are the building blocks

Proteins are needed for nutrition because they contain

The following are the functions of fats:

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