HR 16

Class 19
CHAPTER -19
Organizational Behaviour
Introduction
Oragnization Behaviour: According to Stephen P. Robinson, OB is a field of
study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on
behaviour within organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge
towards improving organization’s effectiveness.
Discipline that contribute to OB
1. Phycology:Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
Psychologists are actively involved in studying and understanding mental
processes, brain functions, and behavior.
2. Social Phycology:Social psychology is the study of how individual or group
behavior is influenced by the presence and behavior of others. The major
question social psychologists ponder is this: How and why are people's
perceptions and actions influenced by environmental factors, such as social
interaction
3. Sociology :Phychology focus on the study of individual behaviour ,
sociology addresses itself to the study of group behaviour. Sociology studies
people in relation to their social environment or culture.
4. Anthropology: Anthropology is a field of study relating to human activities
in various culture and environmental frameworks.
Discipline that contribute to OB
Models of OB
1. Autocratic Model:The root level of this model is power with a managerial
orientation of authority. The employees in this model are oriented towards
obedience and discipline. They are dependent on their boss. The employee
requirement that is met is subsistence.
1. Custodial Model: The custodial model of organizational behavior takes

into consideration the security needs of employees. A custodial
environment gives a psychological reassurance of economic rewards and
benefits. The basis of this model is economic resources with a managerial
orientation toward money to pay wages and benefits.
Models of OB
3. Supportive Model :The supportive model of organisational behaviour seeks
to create supportive work environment and motivate employees to perform well
on their job. The basis of this model is leadership with a managerial orientation
of support. The supportive model depends on leadership instead of power or
money.
4. Collegial Model:The collegial model of organisational behaviour refers to a

group of people sharing a common goal. The collegial model of organizational
behavior is related to teamwork. The basis of collegial model is teamwork –
everyone working as a peer.
Group Behaviour
Group Dynamics: GD is concerned with the interactions and forces among

group members in a social situation. Kurt Lewin popularized this term.
Group Norms: Group norms are the informal guidelines of behaviour and a
code of conduct that provides some order and conformity to group activities and
operations. These rules are expected to be followed by all the group members.
These norms and rules usually develop gradually and informally as group
members learn as to what behaviours are necessary for the group to function
effectively.
Type of Groups
Type of Groups
Type of Groups
1. Formal Group: These group are established by organization to accomplish

specific task.
a. Command group: This is a formal group, determined by the organization’s hierarchal

chart and composed of the individuals that report to a particular manager. For instance,
the manager of training has a command group of his employees, the training group
b. Task group/Task force. This is also a type of formal group, and the term is used to
describe those groups that have been brought together to complete a task. This does not
mean, though, that it’s just a group of people reporting to a single supervisor.
c. Committee: handles problem outside the regular assignments.

Type of Groups
•2. Informal Groups: These groups are formed within the structure of the
organization but by the members themselves rather than by the organization.
a. Interest group. An interest group is usually informal, and is a group of people

who band together to attain a specific objective with which each member is
concerned. Within an organization, this might be a group of people who come
together to demand better working conditions or a better employee evaluation
process.
b. Friendship group. These are groups of people who have come together because
they share common ideals, common interests or other similarities, like age or
ethnic background.
Type of Groups
c. Cliques. These group consist of collogues or those who commonly associate with
each other and observe certain social norms and standards.but number of members
tends to be smaller. Objective is provide recognition to each other and exchange
information of mututal interest.
Type of Groups
3. Primary group: These are characterized by intimate, face to face association and
cooperation.
a. Membership group: These are the ones to which the individual actually
belongs. Ex. Clubs, cooperative societies
b. Reference group: These are the ones with which an individual identifies or to
which he would like to belong. Ex. Socially or professionally groups with which
the individual would like to belong.like anna protest.
c. In-groups: The in-group represent a clustering of individuals holding prevailing
values in a society or at least having a dominant place in social functioning . Ex.
Member of team, family members.
d. Out-groups:An out-group, conversely, is a group someone doesn't belong to;
often we may feel disdain or competition in relationship to an out-group
Group Development Stages
FSNPA
Terms related to Group
1. Groupthink:Groupthink is a phenomenon that occurs when team members

work together too well, letting their desire to conform interfere with their
ability to make sound decisions. When that happens, the results can be
destructive
2. Group Shift: Groupshift is a phenomenon in which the initial positions of
individual members of a group are exaggerated toward a more extreme
position. When people are in groups, they make decisions about risk
differently from when they are alone.
3. Group cohesiveness: Group cohesiveness (also called group cohesion and
social cohesion) arises when bonds link members of a social group to one
another and to the group as a whole. Although cohesion is a multi-faceted
process, it can be broken down into four main components: social relations,
task relations, perceived unity, and emotions.
Terms related to Group
4. Social loafing:The tendency for individual to expand less effort when

working collectively than working individually.
5. Cohorts: Individuals who, as part of a group, hold a common attribute.
6. Group demography: The degree to which members of a group share a

common demographic attribute such as age, sex, race.
Term related to role
1.Role: A set of expected behaviour patterns attributed to someone occupying a

given position in a social unit.
2. Role perception: An individual’s view of how he or she is supposed to act in
a given situation.
3.Role conflict: Role conflict occurs when workers are given different and
incompatible roles at the same time, or their role overlaps with another worker
or work group. The greater the role conflict, the higher the likelihood of a
worker experiencing work-related stress.
4.Role expectation: how others believe a person should act in a given situation.
5. Role identity: certain attitudes and behavior consistent with a role.
6. Role overload: when an employee perceives the role as being more than he
or she can bear with.
Term related to role
7. Role ambiguity: when an employees feels that his /her role in uncler, that is
often the result of from assuming a new position.
8. Role conflict: When the employee receives mixed messages about what is
expected from him by others, such as a boss or coworkrs.
9. Role Efficacy: Role efficacy is the potential effectiveness of an individual
occupying a particular role in the organization. Research shows that persons
with high role efficacy seem to experience less role stress, anxiety and work
related tensions as it increases Managerial Effectiveness
10.Role Erosion: a decrease in one's level of responsibility or a feeling of not
being fully utilized.
Type of team
1.Problem solving team:

2. Self managed work team
3. Cross functional team
4. Virtual team
Type of team
Type of team
GroupVs team
Conflict & Negotiation
Conflict: Process that begins when one party perceives that another party has
negatively affected something that the first part cares about. conflict must be
perceived by either of the parties.
Levels of conflict:
The five levels of conflict are intrapersonal (within an individual), interpersonal
(between individuals), intragroup (within a group), intergroup (between groups),
and intraorganizational (within organizations).
Conflict & Negotiation
Negotiation: A procedure for constructively resolving conflicts whothin a group

. It is a process by which persons who want to come to an egreement try to work
out a settlement.
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
QUESTION & ANSWERS
1. The __________ is a field of study that investigate the impact that

individuals , groups, structure have on behaviour within the
organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward
improving an organizations effectiveness.
a. Human resource management
b. Human resource developemnt
c. Organizational behaviour
d. Organizational culture
QUESTION & ANSWERS
2. Which of the following is a field of study relating to human activities in

various cultural and environmental framework?
a. Anthropology
b. Pshychology
c. Social phychology
a. Sociology
QUESTION & ANSWERS
4. The group to which a person would like to belong is known as ?
a. Primary group
b. Membership group
c. Reference group
a. None of the above
QUESTION & ANSWERS
1. c
2.a
3.d
4.c
Thank You

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Class 19

1. Custodial Model: The custodial model of organizational behavior takes

4. Collegial Model:The collegial model of organisational behaviour refers to a

Group Dynamics: GD is concerned with the interactions and forces among

1. Formal Group: These group are established by organization to accomplish

a. Command group: This is a formal group, determined by the organization’s hierarchal

c. Committee: handles problem outside the regular assignments.

a. Interest group. An interest group is usually informal, and is a group of people

1. Groupthink:Groupthink is a phenomenon that occurs when team members

4. Social loafing:The tendency for individual to expand less effort when

5. Cohorts: Individuals who, as part of a group, hold a common attribute.

6. Group demography: The degree to which members of a group share a

1.Role: A set of expected behaviour patterns attributed to someone occupying a

1.Problem solving team:

Negotiation: A procedure for constructively resolving conflicts whothin a group

1. The __________ is a field of study that investigate the impact that

2. Which of the following is a field of study relating to human activities in

4. The group to which a person would like to belong is known as ?

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