10. WAVE OPTICS
10. WAVE OPTICS
10. WAVE OPTICS
WAVE OPTICS
1] Assertion : When the apparatus of Young's Double Slit Expt. is brought in a liquid from air, the fringe
width decreases.
2] In Young's double slit experiment, while using a source of light of wavelength 5000A0, the fringe width
obtained is 0.6 cm. If the distance between slits and screen is reduced to half, calculate new fringe width
3] a) Explain with the help of a diagram, diffraction of light due to a narrow single slit.
b) If the width of the slit is made double the original width, how does it affect the size and intensity of the
central band?
c) Determine angular separation between the central maximum and first order maximum of diffraction
pattern due to a single slit of width 0.25 mm, when light of wavelength 5890 A 0 is incident normally on it
4] a) How is Huygen's principle used to obtain the diffraction pattern due to a single slit? Show the plot of
variation of intensity with angle and state the reason for the reduction in intensity of secondary maxima
compared to central maximum.
b) In Young's double slit experiment, the slits are separated by 0.5mm and screen is placed 1.0 m away
from the slit. It is found that the 5th bright fringe is at a distance of 4.13 mm from the 2nd dark fringe. Find
the wavelength of light used
5] Monochromatic light of frequency 5.0 x 1014 Hz passes from air into a medium of refractive index 1.5.
Find the wavelength of the light (i) reflected, and (ii) refracted at the interface of the two media.
6] i) State Huygens' principle. A plane wave is incident at an angle i on a reflecting surface. Construct the
corresponding reflected wavefront. Using this diagram, prove that the angle of reflection is equal to the
angle of incidence.
ii) What are the coherent sources of light? Can two independent sodium lamps act like coherent sources?
Explain.
iii) A beam of light consisting of a known wavelength 520 nm and an unknown wavelength A, used in
Young's double slit experiment produces two interference patterns such that the fourth bright fringe of
unknown wavelength coincides with the fifth bright fringe of known wavelength. Find the value of λ.
7] Assertion: In an interference pattern observed in Young's double slit experiment, if the separation d
between coherent sources as well as the distance D of the screen from the coherent sources both is reduced
to one third, then the new fringe width remains the same.
1. Two light waves of same intensity Io each, having a path difference of λ/4, emanating from two coherent
sources, meet at a point. The resultant intensity at the point will be
a) zero b) Io c) 2 Io d) 4Io
2. A student performs Young's double slit experiment by using orange, green and red lights successively. If
the fringe widths measured in the three cases are B1, B2, B3 respectively, then which of the following is
correct?
3. In a Young's double slit experiment, the slit separation is 0.8mm and the interference pattern is obtained
on a screen kept 100cm from the coherent sources. If the first bright fringe is formed 0.4mm from the central
maximum, calculate the wavelength of the light used.
4. In a Young's double slit experiment, the slit separation is 1 mm and the screen is 1 m from the slit. For a
monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm, the distance of 3rd minima from the central maxima is
5. A double slit experiment is performed with light of wavelength 500 nm in air. The setup is placed in a
medium of refractive index µ. The fringe width will
9] i) State Huygen's principle. Using Huygen's principle, explain the reflection of a plane wavefront from a
surface and verify the laws of reflection.
ii) Monochromatic light of wavelength 600nm is incident from air on a glass surface. What are the
wavelength and frequency of refracted light? Refractive index of glass is 1.5.
10] Assertion (A): The phase difference between any two points on a wave front is zero.
Reason (R): All points on a wave front are at the same distance from the source and thus oscillate in the
same phase
11] Assertion (A): When a light wave travels from rarer to denser medium, it loses speed. The reduction in
speed imply a reduction in energy carried by the light wave.
12] a) Can the interference pattern be produced by two independent monochromatic sources of light?
Explain.
13] a) Derive the relation a sin θ = λ for the first minimum of the diffraction pattern produced due to a
single slit of width 'a' using light of wavelength λ.
b) State with reason, how the linear width of central maximum will be affected if (i) monochromatic
yellow light is replaced with red light, and (ii) distance between the slit and the screen is increased.
c) Using the monochromatic light of same wavelength in the experimental set-up of the diffraction
pattern as well as in the interference pattern where the slit separation is 1 mm, 10 interference fringes are
found to be within the central maximum of the diffraction pattern. Determine the width of the single slit, if
the screen is kept at the same distance from the slit in the two cases.
14] In the wave picture of light, the intensity I of light is related to the amplitude A of the wave as:
a) I α A2 b) I α A c) I α √ d) I α
15] In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is halved. The width of the central maximum,
in the diffraction pattern, will become:
16] a) State Huygens' principle. How did Huygens explain the absence of the backwave?
b) Use Huygens' principle to show reflection/refraction of a plane wave by (i) concave mirror, and (ii) a
convex lens.
17] CASE STUDY QUESTION : Diffraction of light is bending of light around the corners of an object
whose size is comparable with the wavelength of light. Diffraction actually defines the limits of ray optics.
This limit for optical instruments is set by the wavelength of light. An experimental arrangement is set up to
observe the diffraction pattern due to a single slit.
a) How will the width of central maximum be affected if the wavelength of light is increased?
d) Two students are separated by a 7 m partition wall in a room 10 m high. If both light and sound waves
can bend around obstacles, how is it that the students are unable to see each other even though they can
converse easily?
18] Assertion: When the apparatus of Young's Double Slit Expt. is brought in a liquid from air, the fringe
width decreases.
19] How is Huygen's principle used to obtain the diffraction pattern due to a single slit? Show the plot of
variation of intensity with angle and state the reason for the reduction in intensity of secondary maxima
compared to central maximum.
20] Assertion (A): When a light wave travels from rarer to denser medium, it loses speed. The reduction in
speed imply a reduction in energy carried by the light wave.
21] Briefly explain how bright and dark fringes are formed on a screen due to the diffraction at a single slit.
Hence, explain why the intensity at the bright fringes decreases sharply as their order (n) increases
22] a) The interference pattern is not observed in Young's double slit experiment when the two sources S₁
and S₂ are far apart. Explain.
e) What is the effect on the interference pattern in a Young's double slit experiment, if the source of
wavelength is replaced by another source of wavelength 1.5λ, with the interference pattern still observable?
23] A plane wavefront is propagating from a rarer into a denser medium. Use Huygens principle to show the
refracted wavefront and verify Snell's law.
24] What are coherent sources of light? How is interference pattern affected in double slit experiment if
26]How does the fringe width of interference change, when the who apparatus of a Young's experiment is
kept in a liquid of a refract index 1.3
27] A ray of light is incident on a medium with angle of incidence 'i' and
is refracted into a second medium with angle of refraction 'r'. The graph of
sin i versus sin r is as shown. Find the ratio of the velocity of light in the
first medium to the velocity of light in the second medium
28] a) What are coherent sources of light? Two slits in Young's double slit
experiment are illuminated by two different Sodium lamps emitting light
of same wavelength. Why is no interference pattern observed?
b) Obtain the condition for getting dark and bright fringes in Young's experiment.
c) What will be the effect on interference fringes when monochromatic source is replaced by source of
white light?