HIS GLOBAL CONCLAVE

DISARMAMENT & INTERNATIONAL SECURITY COMMITTEE

DISEC BACKGROUND GUIDE

TOPICS:

Topic 1: Disarmament for Sustainable Peace

Topic 2: Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Energy Security

Approved by: Secretariat

Authorized by: EB, Executive Board
Edited by: Sainimal G E

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

TABLE OF CONTENT 2
SECTION I | LETTER FROM THE SECRETARIAT 4
SECTION II | LETTER FROM THE EB 6
SECTION III | HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEE 6
SECTION IV | INTRODUCTION TO THE AGENDA 7
SECTION V | KEY TREATIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS 8
SECTION VI | IMPORTANT EVENTS 9
SECTION VII | CLOSING REMARKS 9

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 SECTION I | LETTER FROM THE SECRETARIAT

Greetings Delegates!!!

On behalf of the Secretariat, we are thrilled to welcome you to the 1st Edition of the HIS Global
Conclave. This event promises to be an enriching experience that will leave a lasting impression. The
Conclave aims to showcase your creativity, diplomacy, and problem-solving skills as you engage in
discussions around global challenges.

This is not just a simulation, but a unique gathering of bright minds from diverse backgrounds,
tackling pressing issues with a focus on the Sustainable Development Goals. Our six esteemed
committees are designed to address problems not commonly explored in other MUNs, and we eagerly
anticipate your innovative solutions.

Beyond debates, the Conclave offers a platform to display your public-speaking, networking, and
leadership skills while experiencing the richness of cultures from around the world. Active
participation is key to making your committee a success and truly embracing the spirit of being a
"MUNner."

We at HIS appreciate the enthusiasm students bring to international diplomacy, and we have worked
diligently to ensure a seamless experience for all. Your involvement is the first step toward shaping the
next generation of world leaders.

We can’t wait to meet you all on November 15th for what promises to be productive and engaging
discussions!

Warm regards,
Akhil Gokul
Secretary General

Rehan Saied
Deputy Secretary General

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 SECTION II | LETTER FROM THE EB

Dear Delegates,

On behalf of the DISEC committee I hope this letter finds you well.

We would be honored to welcome you to this year’s (HISGC 2024) Hindustan international school
Global conclave 2024! We have been working very hard to ensure an amazing conference, and we
cannot wait to meet everyone.

We are so excited to serve as your chair and vice chairs for the DISEC committee and can’t wait to see
your debate, diplomacy, problem solving, and plans this November 15! We have made sure to pick out
topics that will not only be intellectually challenging, but also captivating, and we hope through
reading this topic guide, you all will gain a more nuanced understanding of the situation as a whole.

As we engage in discussions surrounding pressing issues of disarmament and international security, we

want to acknowledge the invaluable contributions you have made to our ongoing efforts. Your
expertise and dedication to fostering a more secure and peaceful world are greatly appreciated. In light
of the complex challenges we face today, including the proliferation of weapons and the need for
robust international cooperation, your insights will be crucial in guiding our deliberations.

We encourage you to continue sharing your perspectives and collaborating with fellow delegates to
develop effective solutions. The work of the DISEC committee is of paramount importance, and
together, we can achieve significant advancements in global security. Please be assured that the
committee EB members are here to support you.

Sincerely,
Chair – Akhil Gokul
Vice chair – Able matthew
Vice chair – Rida saied

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 SECTION III | HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEE

The Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC), a primary body

within the United Nations General Assembly, was created to address pressing issues in
global disarmament and security. Established in 1945, DISEC’s foundation was rooted
in the world’s collective commitment to avoid future large-scale conflicts following the
widespread devastation of World War II. This committee was developed to prioritize
arms control and support lasting peace efforts.

DISEC’s core mandate encompasses three primary areas: disarmament, arms control,
and the promotion of international security. The committee’s objective is to develop
and promote comprehensive strategies to address the spread of weaponry, regulate arms
trade, and mitigate conflicts that pose a threat to global stability. DISEC has significantly
shaped international standards by contributing to treaties aimed at reducing arms,
preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and fostering peace
initiatives worldwide.

As of 2023, DISEC is addressing evolving security challenges, including cyber warfare,

autonomous weaponry, and the influence of non-state actors in armed conflicts. The
committee remains dedicated to adapting its policies and frameworks to respond
effectively to these new threats, thereby strengthening global peace and security in an
increasingly complex world

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 SECTION IV | INTRODUCTION TO THE AGENDA

→ Nuclear disarmament:

Nuclear disarmament is the process of reducing and ultimately eliminating nuclear weapons
worldwide to promote global security and stability. This effort aims to prevent catastrophic
consequences of nuclear war and reduce the threat of proliferation by limiting access to nuclear
technology. International treaties like the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and the
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) play vital roles in disarmament efforts,
encouraging countries to dismantle existing arsenals and halt the development of new ones.
Achieving nuclear disarmament remains a long-term objective, requiring cooperation,
verification, and trust among nations to ensure a safer, nuclear-free world.

→ Sustainable development:

Sustainable peace is a lasting state of societal harmony where conflicts are resolved through
dialogue rather than violence, addressing root issues like inequality, exclusion, and economic
disparities. It extends beyond ceasefires, requiring strong institutions, human rights, social
justice, and equitable opportunities. Sustainable peace fosters resilient communities, creating
stable environments for individuals to thrive, free from the cycles of violence that hinder
development and well-being.

→ Energy Security:

Energy security ensures stable access to affordable, sustainable energy essential for economic
stability and growth. It involves protecting supplies from disruptions, diversifying sources, and
building resilient infrastructure to withstand geopolitical, environmental, and market
challenges. As demand grows, energy security increasingly relies on renewables to reduce fossil
fuel dependence, balancing economic resilience with sustainability and national security.

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SECTION V | KEY TREATIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS

→Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) - 1968

An international treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and technology,
promoting cooperation for peaceful nuclear energy use, and advancing the goals of nuclear
disarmament and comprehensive global disarmament. DISEC was instrumental in establishing
the NPT. This treaty remains central to global nuclear non-proliferation efforts.

→Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) - 1996

Bans all nuclear explosions for both civilian and military purposes worldwide. Establishes a
global monitoring system to detect nuclear tests; however, it has not yet entered into full legal
force as several key states have not ratified it.

→Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) Treaties - 1972 (SALT I) and 1979 (SALT II)

Negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union to limit strategic nuclear
weapons. SALT I led to the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, and SALT II sought further
limits on nuclear arsenals, though it was not fully ratified.

→Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty – 1972

The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, also known as the ABM Treaty or ABMT, was an arms
control treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the limitation of the
anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used in defending areas against ballistic missiles delivered
nuclear weapons. It was intended to reduce pressures to build more nuclear weapons to
maintain deterrence. Under the terms of the treaty, each party was limited to two ABM
complexes, each of which was to be limited to 100 anti-ballistic missiles.

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→Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty – 1987

The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty) was an arms control treaty
between the United States and Soviet Union. US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General
Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev signed the treaty on 8 December 1987. The US Senate approved
the treaty on 27 May 1988, and Reagan and Gorbachev ratified it on 1 June 1988.

→Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I) - 1991 and New START - 2010

START I: Signed by the U.S. and Soviet Union to reduce long-range nuclear weapons.

New START: The most recent agreement, signed by the U.S. and Russia, which limits
deployed strategic nuclear warheads and delivery systems, extended in 2021 for five year.

→South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Rarotonga) - 1985

Establishes a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the South Pacific, prohibiting nuclear testing and
weapon deployment.

→Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) - 2017

The first legally binding international agreement to comprehensively prohibit nuclear

weapons, aiming for their complete elimination. It bans the development, testing, production,
stockpiling, and use of nuclear weapons but has not been signed by nuclear-armed states.

→ Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) - 2015

Known as the Iran Nuclear Deal, it was an agreement between Iran and the P5+1 (U.S., U.K.,
France, Russia, China, and Germany) to limit Iran’s nuclear activities in exchange for sanctions
relief. The U.S. withdrew in 2018, affecting its current status.

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SECTION VI | IMPORTANT EVENTS

1. Manhattan Project and the First Atomic Bomb Test (1945)

The United States’ secret Manhattan Project led to the development and testing of the
first atomic bomb in New Mexico. This event marked the dawn of the nuclear age and
initiated the global nuclear arms race.

2. Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombings (1945)

The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending World War II and
highlighting the devastating potential of nuclear weapons, which catalyzed disarmament
advocacy worldwide.

3. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

A tense 13-day standoff between the U.S. and Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba
brought the world to the brink of nuclear war. The crisis ultimately led to the
establishment of direct communication channels and the signing of nuclear arms
control agreements.

4. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) (1968)

This landmark treaty aimed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, encourage
peaceful nuclear energy, and promote disarmament. It remains one of the most
influential frameworks in nuclear non-proliferation.

5. India and Pakistan Nuclear Tests (1998)

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India and Pakistan conducted nuclear tests, officially declaring themselves nuclear
powers. These events intensified regional tensions and highlighted challenges in
non-proliferation, especially outside the NPT framework.

6. North Korea’s Withdrawal from the NPT (2003)

North Korea withdrew from the NPT and later conducted nuclear tests, posing
significant challenges to global non-proliferation efforts and sparking renewed focus on
diplomatic solutions to nuclear escalation.

7. Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) - Iran Nuclear Deal

(2015)

The JCPOA between Iran and P5+1 (U.S., U.K., France, Russia, China, and Germany)
aimed to limit Iran's nuclear capabilities in exchange for sanctions relief. Though U.S.
withdrawal in 2018 complicated its progress, it remains a key example of diplomatic
non-proliferation efforts.

8. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) (1996)

Although not fully ratified, the CTBT prohibits all nuclear explosions and establishes a
global monitoring system to detect tests. It symbolizes international commitment to
limiting nuclear weapons development.

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SECTION VII | CLOSING REMARKS

As delegates of the first Hindustan International School Global Conclave, you are
responsible for representing your country, doing proper research on the above topics.
This session presents you with the opportunity to showcase you debating abilities,
diplomacy, critical and analytical skills and the ability to collaborate with other delegates

Good luck delegates!!

Regards,
The DISEC Executive Board.

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