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Strategies For Effective Time Management Among Senior High

School Working Students

A Quantitative Research Presented to the


Faculty of the Senior High School Department of
Sibonga Christ Centered Agape Academy Inc.
Sibonga, Cebu

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements


Of the Subject - Practical Research 2:
Quantitative Research

Presented by Group 3
Cedrome, Fritz Jay T.
Dela Calzada, Josephine
Peregrino, Feljone A.

Grade 12- Compassion


Academic Year 2024-2025

Instructor:

MR. JABEZ JOHN D. NEMEÑO

2024
Chapter 1

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Mostly students are now focused on learning and earning.


Balancing on academics and working is one of their ways of showing
how they need to pass and survive. On the other hand, carrying out
both these roles comes with its own set of complications especially
to time management. High school students whose working have so
many things they are trying to manage. They have projects to
submit, extracurricular to attend, in addition to the work
commitments with little time remaining for resting and socializing.
This experience can lead to a lot of pressure, with stress and being
exhausted. Thus, with students having an effective strategies time
managements must be pursued because they need to know how to
balance work and school.Good time management behaviours such
as setting goals and priorities as well as monitoring the use of time
can facilitate productivity and minimize stress (Lay &
Schouwenburg, 1993), contributing to work effectiveness and
academic success (Misra & McKean, 2000). On the other hand, poor
time management behaviors, such as not allocating time properly or
last minute cramming for exams are sources of stress and poor
academic performance (Britton & Tesser, 1991). The importance of
time management andtime practices hasbeen increasing day by day
and especially there is lack of studies related to time management
and academic achievement (Macan, et al., 1990). Time management
has been referred to as techniques for managing time (Macan, et
al., 1990) a technique for effective time use, planning and allocating
time (Burt & Kemp, 1994); the degree to which Individuals perceive
their use of time to be structured and purposive (Strongman& Burt,
2000); a technique to increase the time available to pursue
activities (King et al., 1986); self-regulation strategies aimed at
discussing plans, and their efficiency (Eilam & Aharon, 2003).
IzandÖzen (2010) argued that time management refers to the
process of stacking greater amounts of work and activity into a
certain length of time. Moreover, research has reported evidence for
the multi-dimensional nature of the time management construct.
This research aims to emphasize the needs for personal
commitments plans. Because every student has different situations
and obligations, planning need to be adaptable. Time management
is one of the most difficult things to learn and practice. It is
something that is very important especially in dealing with stuff like
making projects, doing urgent things in work, etc. Some of the
things that you need to consider when looking at different ways of
managing your time includes how much work do you have left on
what needs to be done within a specific timeframe, how many
working hours are available during an average day, and what tasks
need more attention than others. Understandably, an individual
needs to be successful in doing and complying all the works that
needs to be done in a specific timeframe, but failure to effectively
manage the time can lead to a lot of trouble. Hence, this study
seeks to determine what are the strategies for effective time
management among working students specifically, that they can
use, or they can currently use, to be successful in all areas in the
most organized manner. This study will take into consideration using
technology, for example, using time management digital planners,
and applications, etc. to stay organized on every tasks.

To conclude, this study highlights the effective strategies of time


management among high school working students. The researchers
want to improve the academics and lower the level of stress of
working students and help them to have a comfortable and stress-
free by identifying and suggesting strategies that can help them
strike the balance between these two roles: make a living and
education. The researchers are aspired to create a valuable dataset
from this study that students can utilize throughout the journey
throughout high school and wok, assisting them towards achieving
a more balanced pathway through life.

THEORETICAL UNDERPINNING

1. The Pomodoro Technique


Developed by Cirillo, the Pomodoro Technique is a time
management tool that breaks into 25- minute sessions to help you
stay focused and get more things done.

2. The Pickle Jar Theory


The Pickle Jar Theory uses a metaphor to illustrate an essential
point of time management. You must do the most important task
first; otherwise, you’ll never get around to them.

3. Parkinson’s Law
Parkinson’s Law, created by British Naval historian and author
Cyril Northcote Parkinson, states that “work expand so as to fill the
time schedule available for its competition.” And there’s plenty of
proof that it’s true. For example, at Microsoft Japan, cutting back to
a four-day work week and limiting meetings to 30 minutes, boosted
productivity by 40%.

4. The ALPEN Method


Prof. Lothar J. Seiwert, a time management specialist and
economist, created the method. The ALPEN Method’s name is a
german acronym. According to the successful author of multiple
self-help books, "The ALPEN method is as simple as it is effective." It
emphasizes constant priority setting and realistic daily planning for
the user. And it just takes around five minutes of planning every
day. Prof. Seiwert's method is one of the most widely used time
management techniques nowadays, along with the SMART method
and the Eisenhower Matrix.

5. The ABC Method


The ABC method was developed by Alan Lakein, the author of
the popular book “How to get control of your time and your life.”
It’s a way of prioritizing the items on your to-do list. While most of
us dump our tasks onto a list without much thought to weight of
each item, the ABC Method makes you categorize tasks as A, B, or C.

6. Time Management Matrix


The following Time Management Matrix is reportedly based on
ideas from President Dwight D. Eisenhower and made popular by
author Stephen Cavey, who wrote it in his New York Times
bestseller. The 7 habits of highly effective people.

7. The Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule)


The Pareto Principle stems from the economic world and was
created by economist Vifredo Pareto. But it’s applicable in almost
any area. So for time management, the Pareto Principle would
assert that 20% of the activities you do each day generate 80% of
the results. Or, by decreasing distractions by 20%, you can increase
productivity by 80%.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS


The researchers will gather information and perspective from senior
high school and junior high school working students in Sibonga,
Christ, Centered, Agape, Academy, INC. in order to determine the
effective strategies of time management and high school working
student. This will be anticipated to a researcher survey. The
researcher school is to determine how working students manage of
time affects both academics and work commitments.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study seeks to determine the strategies for effective time


management among the High School working students of Sibonga
Christ Centered Agape Academy Inc.

The findings of the study will benefit the following:

Students – Is the one who will benefit on this study. This study will
help the students to become motivated to do the things they do by
balancing things that need to be done. Time management is the
thinking skill that helps the students to prioritize tasks and manage
the amount of time needed to complete them. It helps students to
complete activities in an effective and achievable way and learn to
manage and stick to a schedule.

Teachers – This study might help the teachers in terms of guiding


the students and make them responsive about academics. As
teachers, they are the ones who need to balance the long-term goal
of the classroom, the immediate educational needs of the students
and the large volume of paperwork that comes with every
assignment. With effective time management, teachers can increase
their productivity and provide a better education for their students.

Parents – Knowing how to manage time in family is important in all


aspects of life. A lack of time can lead to a conflict, children in the
family will be involved with activities outside and inside the house,
other family members can share the load of being there for support.

Future researchers – The study can be an immense aid for future


researchers in conductivity further research as they are the ones
who will solve problems and gather data like this in the future. They
can use this study as a guide in conducting research on the same
topic. It will give them additional information on how time
management is very important of being a student.
Definition of Terms

Here are some definitions of terms based on the provided context,


focusing on the
research and its key concepts:

1. Time Management
Refers to techniques and strategies for effectively planning and
allocating time to accomplish tasks, manage priorities, and pursue
goals efficiently. It involves self-regulation strategies, scheduling,
and the perception of structured and purposeful time use (Macan et
al., 1990; Burt & Kemp, 1994; Strongman & Burt, 2000; Eilam &
Aharon, 2003).

2. Academic Achievement
The measurable performance and success of students in their
educational pursuits, often influenced by time management
practices and the ability to balance schoolwork and other
responsibilities.

3. Working Students
High school students who balance employment alongside their
academic responsibilities, managing roles that include work
commitments, school projects, and extracurricular activities.

4. Stress
A physical or emotional response caused by pressures and
demands, often arising from poor time management, workload
imbalance, and the difficulty of meeting deadlines.

5. Effective Strategies
Practical methods or approaches designed to achieve desired
outcomes, such as balancing work and education. Examples include
setting goals, prioritizing tasks, and using digital tools for planning
and organization.

6. Digital Planners and Applications


Technological tools designed to help individuals stay organized by
scheduling, tracking, and prioritizing tasks to ensure effective use
of time.

7. Self-Regulation Strategies
Methods used by individuals to plan, monitor, and adjust their
behaviors and actions to achieve set goals, particularly in managing
time efficiently.
8. Multidimensional Nature of Time Management
The concept that time management comprises various
interconnected components, such as planning, prioritization, time
perception, and the ability to integrate multiple activities within a
given timeframe.

9. Balance
The ability of working students to manage and distribute their
time effectively between academics, work responsibilities, and
personal life to minimize stress and enhance productivity.

10. Pressure
The sense of urgency and demand faced by working students due
to the need to meet multiple expectations in a limited timeframe.

11. Personal Commitment Plans


Individualized and adaptable plans created by students to manage
their unique responsibilities, ensuring efficient time management
and fulfillment of obligations.

12. Goal Setting


The process of defining clear and achievable objectives to guide
actions and prioritize tasks effectively.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter represents the related literature and studies that


would provide the background of the present investigation. Those
were taken from online internet and author. It really helps the
researchers to establish a clear concept and understanding of the
study.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Local Study

Time Management
According to Calendario, 2011, time management is the
conservation of the time to align people’s wants and needs. People
decided to choose what things and activities to include for the rest
of the day, week, month, or year. Time management can be a big
and can reflect a person’s personal commitment, at home and even
at work.
Calendario 2011, also defined the time management as the
use of time that is available in the most productive manner – the
development of a clear objective for a job, and the activities
identification that helps accomplish and can lead the students
towards greater effectiveness.
According to the book by Cottrell (2013), it sees the main
rest of studies crossed time are the following: (1) feeling there is
more time available than there is; (2) not developing sufficient
structure to your time to ensure one what everything done; (3)
missing deadlines; and (4) drafting- not being are sure where one is
in time if one has few regular appointments to mark out the time.
According to the study conducted by Padua (2009) as time
management and it's sticking on the study habits of adolescents, it
is not just about the behavioral and physical aspect of time
managing that recede efficiency, but also, social, poor study habits
and poor time management among the students that considerably
caused by continuous deadline of education in the Philippines.
Nevertheless, if a student's time management can be considered as
one of the aspect that can make a student to be a good student. A
good time management is important for students to shine. However,
some of the students do not have a skill of good time management
which has negative effect on their life and academics. The usage of
time and by students in higher education is related to their
everyday routines and activities. Students time management can
be also affects the level of stress of student as they need to cope up
with their task and their personal matters.

TIME MANAGEMENT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

According to (Libre,2006) time management collates with student


achievements. In Collrell (1989),as cited by Libre (2006) the various
time factors affects on achievements that when students experience
greater quantities of allocated time, their achievements is only very
slightly better than those experiencing lesser quantities
When a students or less productive than they could be, or important
deadlines are missed, it can lead to a poor academic achievement.
Problem caused by poor time management are the following:

POOR QUALITY OF WORK

Individual who feel stressed and to rushed to do what needs to be


done or more likely to make mistakes and overlooked details. Their
works may become messy as they rush to accomplish an
assignment at the last moment. Their goal is to get the job done on
time, as opposed to doing a good job. One thing to get this around
is to take your list or tasks, separate and shatter them across a
reasonable length of time. Turn your focus to completing a set
amount everyday.

WASTED TIME

Trying to do some things without clear priorities will only lead to


unsuccessful work flow and low productivity.Students are prone to
getting distracted if they are not clear about what is expected from
them.

LACK OF FOCUS AND PRIORITISATION

Students often have more on their gadgets than they can


accomplish in a single day or week if students will not be able to
manage their time properly, it can lead to feeling overwhelmed and
only focus on what is more urgent.

LOCAL LITERATURE

The DepEd or Department of Education issued DepEd order Number


86, series of 2011, "Synchronizing with the Philippine Standard
Time," directing all school officials nationwide to synchronize with
the Philippine Standard Time(PST) so that all school-based
activities are conducted simultaneously.(DepEd,2011)
To synchronize the activities of DepEd to the school level all offices
or directed to set all clocks inside offices and school properties
including time record devices too much the PST established by the
department of science and technology through the Philippine
Atmospheric, Geographical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA)

FOREIGN STUDY
Time management can be useful in students hectic schedule . It
assures that students are ready, organized and focused to manage
their everyday lives and complete academic work load on time. It
can lead to improved their success, however, this is a skill that
student have to learn and practice. The only thing which cannot be
changed by an individual, is time it cannot get back the time lost.
Nothing can be substituted for time. If we analyze how we are
spending our time we can find time wasted.
If we implement some time saving ways or methods, we will gain
valuable time (Bharathi, T et al.. 2004.) According to Keena Khanna
and Joginder Singh (2000) they have found that the students get
less than time for leisure in school found that they have found that
the students as compared to home because most of the time is
utilized on academic activities in school.
According to ( Alyan, 2005, p68). Determining the objectives and
priorities, describe it as putting the key objectives and priorities to
the intended scheme and the distribution of importance of these
objectives.
According to (Alsifani, 2001, p27) The second on skills comes the
allocation of acquired time where every task has to have a due time
to be finished and that can be done by analyzing the average of
achieve efforts.
(Hareem,2006,p112) Time planning where the future goals of the
institution must be redefined regarding the time distribution. And
finally time management as regarding as previous cases in order to
better control or surrounded circumstances and resources then as a
result getting the best exfoliation of time.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

According to Sansgiry, Kawatkar, Dutta, and Bhosle (2004), the


basic time management skills begin with prioritizing, placing more
emphasis on important task being, able to say "no" to less
important issues, and being able to stop and start immediately
specific activities at pre-set schedule. They have also argued that
implementing such strategy related to time management one most
engage in at to-do list and need discipline to stay focused with the
list in order to have better management, or once available time
other important issues related to time management which includes
developing effective study habits critically analyzing problems and
assignments, knowing one's pick are or concentration, learning
effective memorization techniques, thinking allowed and most
importantly, avoiding procrastination.
There are times we lose out on some opportunities because we just
did not plan for our time well. The same goes for students who
score four marks not because they are weak, but because they are
not doing it or did not plan the right time to do their revisions and
other duties. Time management is the art of arranging, organizing,
scheduling and budgeting one's time for the purpose of generating
more effectiveness and productivity by Valens Safari (2017)
According to (Rubaduka, 2017) Students should arrive in class 20
minutes before the lesson start in order to prepare and relax their
minds to enable them gas what is thought by the teachers. He adds
that poor time management can lead to stress as a student tries to
play catch up with other schedule like class discussion but ending
up not perfecting whatever they have learned due to pressure of
the wasted time.
Over all of this, is all about the pivotal role of time management in
education. Students need to cultivate habits like prioritization,
planning, and self-discipline to maximize productivity and minimize
stress. Educational institutions and policymakers can also play a
role by providing guidance and creating structures that support
time management skills.
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, it includes the design of the research to


be used in the study ,the participants of the study, interview guide
questions and validation of interview guide questions.

Research Design
In this study survey will be conducted with respondents to collect
data that will support the research. The research design serves as
the framework for selecting the methods and techniques used by
the researchers. It outlines the approach of the study, which in this
case is quantitative research. The researchers will use this design
and method to determine the effective strategy of time
management among high school working students.

PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY


Senior high school and junior high school students will be the
respondents as the studies researchers have decided ten (10) or so
working students or anticipated to take part in the study.

INTERVIEW GUIDE QUESTIONS


Participants will respond to the researcher set of questions in a
following format and order to collect pertinent data related to the
studies problem the following questions award asked:

1.How often do you schedule academic test to prioritize work


related responsibilities?
[ ] Sometimes [ ] Never [ ] Always
2. How often do you feel that your work schedule conflict with your
past schedule?
[ ] Sometimes [ ] Never [ ] Always
3. How often it is to stay focused in class when thinking about
unfinished work tasks?
[ ] Sometimes [ ] Never [ ] Always
4. How often are you unable to complete academic test due to your
work commitments?
[ ] Sometimes [ ] Never [ ] Always
5. How often do you feel that work affects your ability to prepare for
exams?
[ ] Sometimes [ ] Never [ ] Always
6. How often do you feel stressed by the number of task you need to
complete for both work and school?
[ ] Sometimes [ ] Never [ ] Always
7. How often do you find time for personal activities like rest,
hobbies, or socializing?
[ ] Sometimes [ ] Never [ ] Always
8. How often do you cry because you're not doing well to your
works and you are late on passing your assignments?
[ ] Sometimes [ ] Never [ ] Always
9. How often do you feel that do not have time to review or study
for exam due to your work commitments?
[ ] Sometimes [ ] Never [ ] Always
10. How often do you have to sacrifice lead to complete your
responsibilities as a working student?
[ ] Sometimes [ ] Never [ ] Always

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The study resulted in ten (10) questions five (5) selecting working
students in senior high school and five (5) selecting working student
in junior high school. Ten (10) of participants or students were
asked to complete the survey. Using a structured question designed
to gauge working students or students effective strategies of time
management will be the main technique of data collection.
Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter summarizes the results, draws inferences, and offers


suggestions to further strengthen the ideas and information covered in
the earlier chapters as supplied by the findings of the research's data
analysis.

This research explored the Effective Stategies Of Time Management


among High school Working Students at Sibonga Christ Centered
Agape Academy Inc. (SCCAAI). The study utilized a survey
methodology with a purposive sample of ten students, five from
each deaprtment, to evaluate how they manage their time in terms
of both academic and work commnitments.

Summary of Findings:

The relevant findings of the study were listed as follows:

As for the Effective Strategies Of Timr Management among Hugh


school Working students, In question 1. Students said that studies
are prioritized, and chores can wait unless requested by others.
Question number 2. Students said that sometimes, there is
confusion about where to start due to multiple tasks. 3.Fear of
authority (e.g., pastor) can sometimes impact focus on work.4.
Studies are rarely sacrificed unless the task is critical.5. Work often
leaves no time for studying or exam preparation.6.Some school
tasks are manageable, making daily tasks easier to
balance.7.Schoolwork and tasks often coincide, making it hard to
handle both.8.Sometimes, fear of failing or upsetting teachers
arises, but it's not always overwhelming.
9. Fear of failure is occasional, as most schoolwork is perceived as
easy.10. Tasks are usually completed before sleeping, though
balance varies.

A mix of prioritization, occasional overwhelm, and strategies to


handle school and responsibilities.

Conclusions

The responses highlight that individuals place a high priority on


their studies, often refusing to sacrifice academic work for other
tasks unless absolutely necessary. However, they face significant
challenges in balancing schoolwork with other responsibilities,
particularly when multiple tasks overlap or demand their attention
simultaneously. This can lead to moments of confusion, overwhelm,
and even fear of failure, especially when expectations from
authority figures or the potential for unfinished work create
additional pressure.Despite these challenges, they demonstrate a
strong commitment to managing their time and responsibilities as
effectively as possible. They show adaptability by occasionally
prioritizing tasks based on their urgency or importance, even if it
means temporarily compromising their focus on studies. Fear of
failure or disappointing others,such as teachers or authority figures,
acts as both a motivator and a source of stress.These responses
reflect a sense of resilience and determination. While they
acknowledge the difficulties of balancing school and personal
responsibilities, they also highlight their dedication to completing
tasks, making responsible decisions, and maintaining their
academic performance. This illustrates their ability to navigate
complex situations and strive for a sense of balance in their daily
lives.

Recommendation

1. Adopt Digital Tools for Time Management


- Utilize digital planners, calendar apps, and task management
tools to organize and track daily activities. Examples include Google
Calendar, Trello, and Notion. These tools can help working students
allocate time effectively and stay on top of deadlines.

2. Set Clear and Achievable Goals


- Encourage students to establish both short-term and long-term
goals for their academics and work. These goals should be specific,
measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

3.Prioritize Tasks
- Teach students to differentiate between urgent and important
tasks, focusing on high-priority activities first. This approach
minimizes procrastination and ensures critical tasks are completed
on time.

4.Practice Effective Scheduling


- Recommend the use of a structured daily or weekly schedule
that includes dedicated time blocks for work, study, rest, and
personal activities. This practice helps students create a routine and
prevent overcommitting.

5.Encourage Rest and Self-Care


- Highlight the importance of rest, breaks, and leisure activities to
reduce stress and prevent burnout. Ensure students allocate
sufficient time for sleep, exercise, and relaxation.

6. Develop Self-Regulation Skills


- Provide training on self-regulation techniques such as setting
reminders, tracking progress, and reflecting on completed tasks to
foster accountability and productivity.

7. Seek Support Systems


- Encourage students to seek support from family, peers, teachers,
or counselors when managing their dual roles becomes
overwhelming. Sharing responsibilities and seeking advice can ease
the pressure.

8. Promote Flexibility in Planning


- Advocate for adaptable personal commitment plans that account
for unexpected changes or challenges. Flexibility allows students to
adjust their schedules without feeling overwhelmed.

9. Conduct Workshops on Time Management


- Schools and organizations can offer workshops or seminars
focusing on time management strategies, stress management, and
the use of digital tools.

10. Monitor and Reflect on Time Use


- Encourage students to review and assess their time management
practices regularly. Reflecting on what works and what doesn't can
help refine their strategies.

11. Integrate Time Management into Curriculum


- Schools can incorporate lessons on time management into life
skills courses, equipping students with the tools to balance their
academic and work commitments effectively.

12. Foster a Balanced Mindset


- Promote the idea that success is not only about academic
achievement and work productivity but also about maintaining
mental well-being and a healthy lifestyle.

These recommendations aim to help working students effectively


balance their roles, reduce stress, and achieve academic and
professional success.

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