Sampling-hand out mam jaz

Sampling
Sampling is an essential part of any research project. The right sampling method can make or
break the validity of your research, and it’s essential to choose the right method for your
specific question. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at some of the most popular sampling
methods and provide real-world examples of how they can be used to gather accurate and
reliable data.
This is a fixed plan or system to enable a researcher to obtain data on smaller sides from parts
of a larger population known as samples.
Sampling design
Identified as a fixed plan of system to enable a researcher to obtain data in smaller sizes.
Characteristics of a good sample design

1. Proportion is a sample design must result in a truly representative sample means that the
sample selected should be exactly or almost similar to the population it represents 1 terms of
data and characteristics.
2. Error free is a sample design should reduce the probability or errors .
3. Budgeted is a sample design must be practical and be with the limits of foults.
4. No bias is a sample design should be such that the results of the sample study can be applied
While developing a design, the researcher must pay attention to the following
points.
1. Type of universe
The accuracy of the results depends on how clearly the universe or population of interest are
defined the universe can be finite or infinite , depending on the number it contains.
2. Sampling unit
Unit can be anything that exist within the population of interest . An assessment has to be
taken with.
3. Source list
Also known as sampling " frame " from which sample is to be drawn. It contains names of all
items of a finite universe.
4. Size
Sample size should be justified, not be excessively large nor it should be too small . Preferably
the sample size should be optimal will fulfills the requirements of effeciency.
5. Consideration of Interest
In determining the sample design,one must consider the question of the specific population
structure which is of interest.
6. Budgeting Limetation
Funds available quide us to decide the sample size Variation and quantum of samples . This fact
can even lead to the use of non probability sample.
7. Sampling procedures
The researcher must decide the type of sample we will used, he must decide about the
technique to be used in selecting the items for the sample.
In fact this procedure or tichnique for the sample design itself
Types of sample design

1. Non probability sampling is a technique where samples are gathered in process that does
not give all the individuals in the population equal chances of being selected. With non
probability sampling methods, we do not know the probability that each papulation element
will be choosing and we connot be sure that each papulation element has a zero chance of
being selected.
Two major types
• Voluntary Sampling is a Constituted of people who have interest in the topic of survey being
conducted and are themselves getting involved to contribute as respondent
• Convenience Sampling is a methods consist of people who are easily approachable and can
be reached out to in shorter time.
2. Probability sampling is a tichnique using randomization to make sure that every element of
the population gets an equal chances to be part of the selected sample. It is also known as
random sampling or chance of sampling, selection of manner of a lottery selected through
mechanical process gives all tecket holders an equal chances of winning.
Sample random sampling refers to any sampling method that has the following properties,
• the population consest of N objects , the sample of N objects and if all possible samples of N
objects are equally likely to occur.
Example : Lottery method, each numbers population of numbers is assigned to a unique

number and the numbers are placed in a bowl and thoroughly mixed, then a blind folded
researcher select n numbers.
Stratefied sampling refers to a population divided into groups, based on the same
characteristics. Then each group a probability Sample is selected. In stratefied sampling, the
groups are called " strata "
Cluster Sampling is every member of the population is assigned to one, and only one group.
Each group called a cluster. A sample of cluster is selected or choosen using a probability
method. So only individuals within sampled cluster are surveyed.
Multistage sampling this method of sampling we select a sample by using combinations of

more than one Sampling Methods.
Ex. In stage 1, we might used cluster sampling to choose clusters from a population,then in
stage 2 , we might used simple random sampling to select from each choosen Cluster for the
final stage of sample.
Systematic Random Sampling this begins with creation of a list of each member of the
population. From the list we randomly select the first sample element from the first K elements
on the population list.
Key terms
Applied research is a value to practitioners but in which the researcher has alimeted control over
research setting.

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Sampling

Characteristics of a good sample design

2. Error free is a sample design should reduce the probability or errors .

In fact this procedure or tichnique for the sample design itself

Types of sample design

Two major types

Example : Lottery method, each numbers population of numbers is assigned to a unique

Multistage sampling this method of sampling we select a sample by using combinations of

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