Features of python: 1)Python is an interpreted language : The precedence of operators is useful in an expression with more Types of VCS: Centralised

es of VCS: Centralised Version Control System (CVCS): In

Python is an interpreted language which means that the python than one operator to determine which operation to perform first. this system, a single central repository contains the entire history of
program is executed one line at a time. Python is a The precedence of operators decides how the expression will be the project. Users check out files from this central repository, and all
2)Cross-platform language : Python is a portable and evaluated. The precedence of operators is decided on the basis of changes are committed back to it. This setup makes it easier to
cross-platform language. The python code written on Windows will PEMDAS rule. Here, P : Parenthesis E : Exponentiation M : manage and track changes but can create a single point of failure.
give the same output on Linux OS as well. Multiplication D : Division A : Addition S : Subtraction Examples include Subversion (SVN) and CVS.
3)Python is a free and open source language : Anyone can Distributed Version Control System (DVCS): Each user has their
download and use the source code of python without paying Version control system (VCS) is a tool that helps manage own complete copy of the entire repository, including its full history.
anything. 4)Large standard library : Python has an extensive set changes to files over time, allowing multiple users to collaborate on This allows users to work offline and independently, with the ability
of libraries which can be used by the developer as needed. For the same project. It tracks modifications, maintains a history of to merge changes from different users later. It also enhances
example : Numpy, Pandas 5)Static typing : The opposite of changes, and enables reverting to previous versions if needed. collaboration and resilience, as there is no single point of failure.
dynamic typing is static typing. Static type checks are performed Examples include Git and Subversion. Examples include Git and Mercurial.
without running the program. Key Functions of VCS: 1) Track Changes: Monitors and records
Identity operators are used to compare the memory locations of changes to files over time. 2)History Management: Maintains a Cloud Based Solutions: 1)GitLab is a web-based DevOps
two objects to see if they refer to the same object. history of all modifications for easy reference. platform that provides a suite of tools for managing the entire
is: Returns True if two variables point to the same object 3)Collaboration: Allows multiple users to work on the same project software development lifecycle. It integrates features for version
is not: Returns True if two variables do not point to the same object. and merge changes. 4)Revert Changes: Enables reverting to control, continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD),
Membership operators are used to test if a value or variable exists previous versions or undoing changes. project management, and more. GitLab uses Git for version control,
in a sequence such as strings, lists, or tuples. 5)Branching and Merging:Supports creating branches for different allowing teams to collaborate on code, track changes, and
in: Returns True if a value is found in the sequence. development paths and merging them back into the main project. automate workflows efficiently. Its built-in features support code
not in: Returns True if a value is not found in the sequence. Benefits of VCS: 1)Change Tracking: Keeps a detailed record of review, issue tracking, and pipeline management, making it a
Type Conversion : Implicit conversion : In the implicit type modifications for better accountability and review. comprehensive solution for modern software development.
conversion, the python interpreter automatically understands the 2)Collaboration: Facilitates teamwork by managing concurrent 2)Bitbucket is a web-based version control repository hosting
type of data on the basis of its value changes from multiple users. 3)Backup: Provides a history of service owned by Atlassian. It supports both Git and Mercurial
Explicit Conversion : In the explicit type conversion, the data type versions to restore previous states if needed. version control systems, allowing teams to manage code
is manually changed by using the built-in methods as per the 4)Branching: Allows experimentation with new features without repositories, collaborate on projects, and track changes. Bitbucket
specific data type. int() : This function converts the data type to affecting the main codebase. 5)Conflict Resolution: Helps resolve offers features like pull requests, code reviews, and branch
integer. float() : This function converts the data type to float. conflicts when merging changes from different contributors permissions. It integrates with other Atlassian tools, such as Jira for
Applications: Web Development: Building dynamic websites with issue tracking and Confluence for documentation, providing a
frameworks like Django and Flask.Data Analysis: Analysing and Git Bash is a command-line interface that provides a Unix-like comprehensive solution for development workflows and team
visualising data using libraries like Pandas and Matplotlib.Machine environment on Windows for using Git. It combines Git’s collaboration.
Learning: Developing AI models with libraries such as TensorFlow functionalities with a Bash shell, allowing users to run Git
and scikit-learn. Automation: Automating repetitive tasks and commands and Unix commands in a terminal window.
workflows with scripts. Software Development: Creating desktop
applications with tools like PyQt and Kivy.

Difference Git & GitHub : Git 1) A distributed version control A branch in Git is a version of the repository that diverges from the Git commands Branch
system that manages and tracks changes in your codebase locally main project, allowing for independent development. It serves as a 1. Create a Branch: git branch <branch-name>
on your machine. 2)Focuses on tracking changes, branching, pointer to a snapshot of changes, enabling you to work on new 2. Switch to a Branch: git checkout <branch-name>
merging, and managing code history. 3)Used locally on your features or bug fixes separately. Branches help manage and 3. Create and Switch to a Branch:git checkout -b <branch-name>
computer to handle version control tasks. 4)Repositories are stored organize code, making it easier to merge stable changes into the 4.List All Branches: git branch
locally on your machine or a server that you control. 5)Collaboration main branch and clean up your project history. 5. Delete a Branch: git branch -d <branch-name>
is managed through manual syncing and pushing/pulling changes 6. Rename a Branch: git branch -m <old-branch-name>
between local repositories. The master branch in Git is the default main branch of a <new-branch-name>
GitHub: 1)A web-based platform that hosts Git repositories online, repository, where the stable and production-ready code is typically 7. Merge a Branch:git merge <branch-name>
facilitating collaboration and remote access.2)Provides additional maintained. It's often renamed to main in newer repositories for 8.Push a Branch to Remote: git push origin <branch-name>
features like issue tracking, pull requests, and project management clarity and inclusivity. 9. Delete a Remote Branch:git push origin --delete<branch-name>
tools on top of Git's version control capabilities. 3)Used to share 10. Fetch All Branches from Remote: git fetch --all
Why Branch 1)Isolation: Work on new features or fixes without
repositories, collaborate with others, and manage code remotely on Basic Git commands
affecting the main codebase. 2)Parallel Development: Allow
the internet.4)Repositories are hosted on GitHub’s servers, making 1.Initialise a Repository: git init
simultaneous development of different features.
them accessible from anywhere with an internet Creates a new Git repository in the current directory.
3)Code Review: Separate branches facilitate easier review and
connection.5)Streamlines collaboration through features like forks, 2.Clone a Repository: git clone ‘Repository link’
testing before merging. 4)Experimentation: Try new ideas without
pull requests, and team permissions, making it easier for multiple Creates a copy of an existing repository.
impacting the main project. 5)Organised History: Keep project
users to work together on a project. 3. Check Repository Status: git status
history clean and organised by managing different lines of
The Staging Area, also known as the Index, is a crucial component Shows the status of your repository, including changes and the
development.
of Git's version control system. It acts as a middle ground between current branch.
the working directory and the local repository 4.Add Changes: git add <file-name>
Stages specific changes, or use `git add .` to stage all changes.
A repository in Git is a storage space where your project's files, 5.Commit Changes: git commit -m "Initial commit"
history, and metadata are kept. It contains all the information about Records the staged changes with a descriptive message.
the project, including: 1)Files and Directories: All the project files 6. Create a Branch: git branch <branch-name>
and their version history. 2)Commit History: A record of all Creates a new branch.
changes made to the files over time, including commit messages 7. Switch Branches: git checkout <branch-name>
and metadata. 3)Branches: Different lines of development, allowing Switches to a different branch.
multiple features or fixes to be worked on simultaneously. 8. Pull Changes: git pull origin main
4)Tags: Labels for specific points in the history, often used for Fetches and integrates changes from a remote repository.
marking release versions. 9. Merge Branches: git merge <branch-name>
Merges changes from one branch into the current branch.
10. Push Changes: git push
Pushes your local changes to the remote repository.

Features of python: 1)Python is an interpreted language : The precedence of operators is useful in an expression with more Types of VCS: Centralised Version Control System (CVCS): In
Python is an interpreted language which means that the python than one operator to determine which operation to perform first. this system, a single central repository contains the entire history of
program is executed one line at a time. Python is a The precedence of operators decides how the expression will be the project. Users check out files from this central repository, and all
2)Cross-platform language : Python is a portable and evaluated. The precedence of operators is decided on the basis of changes are committed back to it. This setup makes it easier to
cross-platform language. The python code written on Windows will PEMDAS rule. Here, P : Parenthesis E : Exponentiation M : manage and track changes but can create a single point of failure.
give the same output on Linux OS as well. Multiplication D : Division A : Addition S : Subtraction Examples include Subversion (SVN) and CVS.
3)Python is a free and open source language : Anyone can Distributed Version Control System (DVCS): Each user has their
download and use the source code of python without paying Version control system (VCS) is a tool that helps manage own complete copy of the entire repository, including its full history.
anything. 4)Large standard library : Python has an extensive set changes to files over time, allowing multiple users to collaborate on This allows users to work offline and independently, with the ability
of libraries which can be used by the developer as needed. For the same project. It tracks modifications, maintains a history of to merge changes from different users later. It also enhances
example : Numpy, Pandas 5)Static typing : The opposite of changes, and enables reverting to previous versions if needed. collaboration and resilience, as there is no single point of failure.
dynamic typing is static typing. Static type checks are performed Examples include Git and Subversion. Examples include Git and Mercurial.
without running the program. Key Functions of VCS: 1) Track Changes: Monitors and records
Identity operators are used to compare the memory locations of changes to files over time. 2)History Management: Maintains a Cloud Based Solutions: 1)GitLab is a web-based DevOps
two objects to see if they refer to the same object. history of all modifications for easy reference. platform that provides a suite of tools for managing the entire
is: Returns True if two variables point to the same object 3)Collaboration: Allows multiple users to work on the same project software development lifecycle. It integrates features for version
is not: Returns True if two variables do not point to the same object. and merge changes. 4)Revert Changes: Enables reverting to control, continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD),
Membership operators are used to test if a value or variable exists previous versions or undoing changes. project management, and more. GitLab uses Git for version control,
in a sequence such as strings, lists, or tuples. 5)Branching and Merging:Supports creating branches for different allowing teams to collaborate on code, track changes, and
in: Returns True if a value is found in the sequence. development paths and merging them back into the main project. automate workflows efficiently. Its built-in features support code
not in: Returns True if a value is not found in the sequence. Benefits of VCS: 1)Change Tracking: Keeps a detailed record of review, issue tracking, and pipeline management, making it a
Type Conversion : Implicit conversion : In the implicit type modifications for better accountability and review. comprehensive solution for modern software development.
conversion, the python interpreter automatically understands the 2)Collaboration: Facilitates teamwork by managing concurrent 2)Bitbucket is a web-based version control repository hosting
type of data on the basis of its value changes from multiple users. 3)Backup: Provides a history of service owned by Atlassian. It supports both Git and Mercurial
Explicit Conversion : In the explicit type conversion, the data type versions to restore previous states if needed. version control systems, allowing teams to manage code
is manually changed by using the built-in methods as per the 4)Branching: Allows experimentation with new features without repositories, collaborate on projects, and track changes. Bitbucket
specific data type. int() : This function converts the data type to affecting the main codebase. 5)Conflict Resolution: Helps resolve offers features like pull requests, code reviews, and branch
integer. float() : This function converts the data type to float. conflicts when merging changes from different contributors permissions. It integrates with other Atlassian tools, such as Jira for
Applications: Web Development: Building dynamic websites with issue tracking and Confluence for documentation, providing a
frameworks like Django and Flask.Data Analysis: Analysing and Git Bash is a command-line interface that provides a Unix-like comprehensive solution for development workflows and team
visualising data using libraries like Pandas and Matplotlib.Machine environment on Windows for using Git. It combines Git’s collaboration.
Learning: Developing AI models with libraries such as TensorFlow functionalities with a Bash shell, allowing users to run Git
and scikit-learn. Automation: Automating repetitive tasks and commands and Unix commands in a terminal window.
workflows with scripts. Software Development: Creating desktop
applications with tools like PyQt and Kivy.
Difference Git & GitHub : Git 1) A distributed version control A branch in Git is a version of the repository that diverges from the Git commands Branch
system that manages and tracks changes in your codebase locally main project, allowing for independent development. It serves as a 1. Create a Branch: git branch <branch-name>
on your machine. 2)Focuses on tracking changes, branching, pointer to a snapshot of changes, enabling you to work on new 2. Switch to a Branch: git checkout <branch-name>
merging, and managing code history. 3)Used locally on your features or bug fixes separately. Branches help manage and 3. Create and Switch to a Branch:git checkout -b <branch-name>
computer to handle version control tasks. 4)Repositories are stored organize code, making it easier to merge stable changes into the 4.List All Branches: git branch
locally on your machine or a server that you control. 5)Collaboration main branch and clean up your project history. 5. Delete a Branch: git branch -d <branch-name>
is managed through manual syncing and pushing/pulling changes 6. Rename a Branch: git branch -m <old-branch-name>
between local repositories. The master branch in Git is the default main branch of a <new-branch-name>
GitHub: 1)A web-based platform that hosts Git repositories online, repository, where the stable and production-ready code is typically 7. Merge a Branch:git merge <branch-name>
facilitating collaboration and remote access.2)Provides additional maintained. It's often renamed to main in newer repositories for 8.Push a Branch to Remote: git push origin <branch-name>
features like issue tracking, pull requests, and project management clarity and inclusivity. 9. Delete a Remote Branch:git push origin --delete<branch-name>
tools on top of Git's version control capabilities. 3)Used to share 10. Fetch All Branches from Remote: git fetch --all
Why Branch 1)Isolation: Work on new features or fixes without
repositories, collaborate with others, and manage code remotely on Basic Git commands
affecting the main codebase. 2)Parallel Development: Allow
the internet.4)Repositories are hosted on GitHub’s servers, making 1.Initialise a Repository: git init
simultaneous development of different features.
them accessible from anywhere with an internet Creates a new Git repository in the current directory.
3)Code Review: Separate branches facilitate easier review and
connection.5)Streamlines collaboration through features like forks, 2.Clone a Repository: git clone ‘Repository link’
testing before merging. 4)Experimentation: Try new ideas without
pull requests, and team permissions, making it easier for multiple Creates a copy of an existing repository.
impacting the main project. 5)Organised History: Keep project
users to work together on a project. 3. Check Repository Status: git status
history clean and organised by managing different lines of
The Staging Area, also known as the Index, is a crucial component Shows the status of your repository, including changes and the
development.
of Git's version control system. It acts as a middle ground between current branch.
the working directory and the local repository 4.Add Changes: git add <file-name>
Stages specific changes, or use `git add .` to stage all changes.
A repository in Git is a storage space where your project's files, 5.Commit Changes: git commit -m "Initial commit"
history, and metadata are kept. It contains all the information about Records the staged changes with a descriptive message.
the project, including: 1)Files and Directories: All the project files 6. Create a Branch: git branch <branch-name>
and their version history. 2)Commit History: A record of all Creates a new branch.
changes made to the files over time, including commit messages 7. Switch Branches: git checkout <branch-name>
and metadata. 3)Branches: Different lines of development, allowing Switches to a different branch.
multiple features or fixes to be worked on simultaneously. 8. Pull Changes: git pull origin main
4)Tags: Labels for specific points in the history, often used for Fetches and integrates changes from a remote repository.
marking release versions. 9. Merge Branches: git merge <branch-name>
Merges changes from one branch into the current branch.
10. Push Changes: git push
Pushes your local changes to the remote repository.

Features of python: 1)Python is an interpreted language : The precedence of operators is useful in an expression with more Types of VCS: Centralised Version Control System (CVCS): In
Python is an interpreted language which means that the python than one operator to determine which operation to perform first. this system, a single central repository contains the entire history of
program is executed one line at a time. Python is a The precedence of operators decides how the expression will be the project. Users check out files from this central repository, and all
2)Cross-platform language : Python is a portable and evaluated. The precedence of operators is decided on the basis of changes are committed back to it. This setup makes it easier to
cross-platform language. The python code written on Windows will PEMDAS rule. Here, P : Parenthesis E : Exponentiation M : manage and track changes but can create a single point of failure.
give the same output on Linux OS as well. Multiplication D : Division A : Addition S : Subtraction Examples include Subversion (SVN) and CVS.
3)Python is a free and open source language : Anyone can Distributed Version Control System (DVCS): Each user has their
download and use the source code of python without paying Version control system (VCS) is a tool that helps manage own complete copy of the entire repository, including its full history.
anything. 4)Large standard library : Python has an extensive set changes to files over time, allowing multiple users to collaborate on This allows users to work offline and independently, with the ability
of libraries which can be used by the developer as needed. For the same project. It tracks modifications, maintains a history of to merge changes from different users later. It also enhances
example : Numpy, Pandas 5)Static typing : The opposite of changes, and enables reverting to previous versions if needed. collaboration and resilience, as there is no single point of failure.
dynamic typing is static typing. Static type checks are performed Examples include Git and Subversion. Examples include Git and Mercurial.
without running the program. Key Functions of VCS: 1) Track Changes: Monitors and records
Identity operators are used to compare the memory locations of changes to files over time. 2)History Management: Maintains a Cloud Based Solutions: 1)GitLab is a web-based DevOps
two objects to see if they refer to the same object. history of all modifications for easy reference. platform that provides a suite of tools for managing the entire
is: Returns True if two variables point to the same object 3)Collaboration: Allows multiple users to work on the same project software development lifecycle. It integrates features for version
is not: Returns True if two variables do not point to the same object. and merge changes. 4)Revert Changes: Enables reverting to control, continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD),
Membership operators are used to test if a value or variable exists previous versions or undoing changes. project management, and more. GitLab uses Git for version control,
in a sequence such as strings, lists, or tuples. 5)Branching and Merging:Supports creating branches for different allowing teams to collaborate on code, track changes, and
in: Returns True if a value is found in the sequence. development paths and merging them back into the main project. automate workflows efficiently. Its built-in features support code
not in: Returns True if a value is not found in the sequence. Benefits of VCS: 1)Change Tracking: Keeps a detailed record of review, issue tracking, and pipeline management, making it a
Type Conversion : Implicit conversion : In the implicit type modifications for better accountability and review. comprehensive solution for modern software development.
conversion, the python interpreter automatically understands the 2)Collaboration: Facilitates teamwork by managing concurrent 2)Bitbucket is a web-based version control repository hosting
type of data on the basis of its value changes from multiple users. 3)Backup: Provides a history of service owned by Atlassian. It supports both Git and Mercurial
Explicit Conversion : In the explicit type conversion, the data type versions to restore previous states if needed. version control systems, allowing teams to manage code
is manually changed by using the built-in methods as per the 4)Branching: Allows experimentation with new features without repositories, collaborate on projects, and track changes. Bitbucket
specific data type. int() : This function converts the data type to affecting the main codebase. 5)Conflict Resolution: Helps resolve offers features like pull requests, code reviews, and branch
integer. float() : This function converts the data type to float. conflicts when merging changes from different contributors permissions. It integrates with other Atlassian tools, such as Jira for
Applications: Web Development: Building dynamic websites with issue tracking and Confluence for documentation, providing a
frameworks like Django and Flask.Data Analysis: Analysing and Git Bash is a command-line interface that provides a Unix-like comprehensive solution for development workflows and team
visualising data using libraries like Pandas and Matplotlib.Machine environment on Windows for using Git. It combines Git’s collaboration.
Learning: Developing AI models with libraries such as TensorFlow functionalities with a Bash shell, allowing users to run Git
and scikit-learn. Automation: Automating repetitive tasks and commands and Unix commands in a terminal window.
workflows with scripts. Software Development: Creating desktop
applications with tools like PyQt and Kivy.

Difference Git & GitHub : Git 1) A distributed version control A branch in Git is a version of the repository that diverges from the Git commands Branch
system that manages and tracks changes in your codebase locally main project, allowing for independent development. It serves as a 1. Create a Branch: git branch <branch-name>
on your machine. 2)Focuses on tracking changes, branching, pointer to a snapshot of changes, enabling you to work on new 2. Switch to a Branch: git checkout <branch-name>
merging, and managing code history. 3)Used locally on your features or bug fixes separately. Branches help manage and 3. Create and Switch to a Branch:git checkout -b <branch-name>
computer to handle version control tasks. 4)Repositories are stored organize code, making it easier to merge stable changes into the 4.List All Branches: git branch
locally on your machine or a server that you control. 5)Collaboration main branch and clean up your project history. 5. Delete a Branch: git branch -d <branch-name>
is managed through manual syncing and pushing/pulling changes 6. Rename a Branch: git branch -m <old-branch-name>
between local repositories. The master branch in Git is the default main branch of a <new-branch-name>
GitHub: 1)A web-based platform that hosts Git repositories online, repository, where the stable and production-ready code is typically 7. Merge a Branch:git merge <branch-name>
facilitating collaboration and remote access.2)Provides additional maintained. It's often renamed to main in newer repositories for 8.Push a Branch to Remote: git push origin <branch-name>
features like issue tracking, pull requests, and project management clarity and inclusivity. 9. Delete a Remote Branch:git push origin --delete<branch-name>
tools on top of Git's version control capabilities. 3)Used to share 10. Fetch All Branches from Remote: git fetch --all
Why Branch 1)Isolation: Work on new features or fixes without
repositories, collaborate with others, and manage code remotely on Basic Git commands
affecting the main codebase. 2)Parallel Development: Allow
the internet.4)Repositories are hosted on GitHub’s servers, making 1.Initialise a Repository: git init
simultaneous development of different features.
them accessible from anywhere with an internet Creates a new Git repository in the current directory.
3)Code Review: Separate branches facilitate easier review and
connection.5)Streamlines collaboration through features like forks, 2.Clone a Repository: git clone ‘Repository link’
testing before merging. 4)Experimentation: Try new ideas without
pull requests, and team permissions, making it easier for multiple Creates a copy of an existing repository.
impacting the main project. 5)Organised History: Keep project
users to work together on a project. 3. Check Repository Status: git status
history clean and organised by managing different lines of
The Staging Area, also known as the Index, is a crucial component Shows the status of your repository, including changes and the
development.
of Git's version control system. It acts as a middle ground between current branch.
the working directory and the local repository 4.Add Changes: git add <file-name>
Stages specific changes, or use `git add .` to stage all changes.
A repository in Git is a storage space where your project's files, 5.Commit Changes: git commit -m "Initial commit"
history, and metadata are kept. It contains all the information about Records the staged changes with a descriptive message.
the project, including: 1)Files and Directories: All the project files 6. Create a Branch: git branch <branch-name>
and their version history. 2)Commit History: A record of all Creates a new branch.
changes made to the files over time, including commit messages 7. Switch Branches: git checkout <branch-name>
and metadata. 3)Branches: Different lines of development, allowing Switches to a different branch.
multiple features or fixes to be worked on simultaneously. 8. Pull Changes: git pull origin main
4)Tags: Labels for specific points in the history, often used for Fetches and integrates changes from a remote repository.
marking release versions. 9. Merge Branches: git merge <branch-name>
Merges changes from one branch into the current branch.
10. Push Changes: git push
Pushes your local changes to the remote repository.