ᵗ

Cold Rolled Steel Cold Form Steel

ARE STRONGER THAN MILD STEEL

coldRolled
CABLING for BRIDGES misstfftner Beams

Cross Bracing ANGLES

For Pretenssine
Cables rebar
CONCRETE

METAL STUDS

CARBON CONTENT IS KEY OF STEEL BEHAVIOR

t fÉ1d stiithTearle
BUT BRITTLE BUT IS WEAKER

GOOD SUPPORTING
CARBON Chromium NICKEL COPPER
IRON MANGANESE VANADIUM TUNGSTEN

COBALT moly BDE Nium

AVOID PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 95 ARE RECYCLED

 GIRDER IS LARGER THAN A BEAM

Columns GIRDERS BEAMS METAL DECKING

TERTIARY Structure

BEAM SPAN DEPTH RATIO

1 20

GIRDER SPAN DEPTH Ratio

1 15

OPEN WEB 301ST SPAN DEPTH RATIO

1 20 Floor
1 24 Root

DECKING SPAN DEPTH Ratio

1 24 Floor
1 40 Roof
TRIAGULAR STEEL TRUSSES

1 4 SPAN 125 All

1
100

RECTANGULAR TRUSSES 1 8 SPAN

1 1
100
RulEOFTHUMB

colums.ADDSUP OF FLOOR ABOVE

 STAINLESS STELL NICKEL Chromium
MORE RESISTIBLE TO WEATHER

WEATHERING STEEL CORTEX

IBEAM
WIDEFLANGEBeam_

MORE EFFIANT

CASTELLATEDBEAM
I
Pipestonnig
1
d IF
WIDE FLANGE It
HIGHER
LIGHT
SUPPORTS LONGER SPANS

PLATTERRETTE SHAPE Exivet

 Éwa Ñi Geometry of A compression Arch
STRENGTH OF STEEL

CABLESTAYS.ee Cables stays in tension

AND CAN SUPPORT LONG SPAN

CHANNEL STEEL
PHASE
OUT
PLATE STEEL
BAR ROUND

1
W 2 45
BEAM column

ñÉ
W 12 DEEP

120 120 POUNDS LINEAR FT

9.3 OPEN WEB STEEL JOIST

LH LONG SPAN 96 FT

DLH DEEP LONG SPAN 150 FT

K MOST common SPANS ABOUT 60 FT

CONNECTIONS BOLTED
WELDED

COMBINATION

6H STRENGTH BOLTS
BOLTING
BEART
IAMBOLTONNECTION
HOLDS IN SHEAR BACKS TO Gravity load
Some MOVIMENT ASSUMED

SLIP CRITICAL
Boltsintensio
SUPERTHIGHT.ae PERATES in Tension
PRELOADED SO FRICTION RESISTS MOVEMENT

TYPICALLY WELD IN THE SHOP BOLT IN FIELD

SLOTTED HOLE
WASHERS USED TO PREVENT TEARING GALLING
 WELDTYPES

FLANGES
SHEAR

1 WEB
CONNECTION

143
momENbImnoaod
T
 MOMENT
atqc.fi naFOnceS BETTER
AND PASSES BENDING ON FROM THE BEAM

TO THE columns

SHEARGMYY.EE s are Passed Down

From BEAM TO THE Column BENDING

LOADS ARE NOT

WEB CONNECTION only

SEATED BEAM SHEAR CONNETION

is THE EXCEPTION
 STIFFENER plates
ADDED TO SUPPORT WEB WHEN

FLANGE IS NOT STRONG ENOUGH TO

SUPPORT THE BEAM TO BE ATTACHED

FASTEN
BALLY A WELDING ARC
FROM THE
BURNING THROUGH FLANGE

Columns splice
WELDED BOLTED some Times BOTH
WITH 3RD PIECE
 IE EEFI umnso
CONCRETE FOUNDATION

19.3
DOG BONE CUTS controls
DEFORMATION in AN Structural failure
EARTHQUAKE PRONE ZONE

DOGBONE CUT DEFORMS SO THERE IS NO

CATASTROPHIC Failure

copin IY FLANGE DO AS
NECESSARY
FOR Structural REQUIREMENTS make
SURE THERE ARE NO CONFLICTS INTERSECTION

21.1 BRACED FRAME

ftp Mᵈ hIIE
Time consuming
In

SHEAR CONNECTION

no Horizontal
SEISMIC LOAD

SHEARWAL SAME CONCEPT

BUT NEED
ONE SHEAR
ON EACH

DIRECTION
XY XZ
YZ
LADS

ECCENTRIC LOADS
COMPETENTAL
TANINGWIN

TRANSFERLOADI
momentonnections

Fully RESTRAINED FR connection

more rigid still rigid

IEET.in I ss

Thatmeant
2

NITH
 RIGID PERIMETER OFFERS more
resInetteral forces

Éfftff
m man
IN THE CORE PROVIDES LARGER AREA

LATERAL STABILITY

CAMBERINI PRE CURVING TO BETTER

RESIST THE WAD

nñe
FT Fff
so

D CONCRETE
 JEANSTUD FLOOR ELEMENT

Floor
ATTACH BEAMS TO

SELF
SUPPORTING
CONCRETE DECK

Flood
CORRUGATED PANS Filled WITH concrete

SELF SUPPORTING CONCAETE DECK POURED

ON TOP OF BEAMS

ROOFI
CORRUGATED METAL DECKING WITH LIGHTWEIGHT

CONCRETE Fill ON TOP

CORRUGATED METAL DECKING WITH POURED GYPSUM

CORRUGATED METAL DECKING NO CONCRETE

JUST RIGID INSULATION DESIGNED TO MAKE

FLAT SURFACE
 61511 CHANNE

PURLINS ROOF
GIRTS wall

LINE CABLE AT THE CRANE

DRIFT PINS PINS THAT SET STEEL Temporarily

WHEN MEMBER is LOWERED INTO PLACE

5 STORIES MAX BUILDING

IF THE STEEL STRUCTURE OF A BUILDING IS
UNPROTECTED FROM FIRE

ONCE IT'S A FIRE PROOFING STRUCTURE THERE

is no limit
 INTUMESCENTPAINT EXPENSIVE PAINT

IN CASE OF FIRE PAINT EXPANDS AND PROTECTS

THE STRUCTURE

STEEL MEMBERS THAT ONLY

JOB IS TO RESIST LATERAL FORCE
ARE NOT REQUIRED TO BE FIRE PROFED
Like cross Bracine Bracino

GRAVITY LOADS FIREPROOF

331 Instabricoorstructure

Polyester coated with Pul

low COST low DURABILITY

Glass FIBER COATED w PTFE Teflon

medium cost medium durability
CLEANEST

Glass FIBER COATED with silicone

HIGHEST COST HIGHEST Durability
GETS DIRTY Easily

35.1 TWO DIFFERENT METAL in CONTACT

WITH WATER GALVANIC ACTION

EXPOSED TO WATER GALVANIC CORROSION
SURFACE IZine
MEGRIVE 2 aluminum
3 STEEL
4 mon
5 STAINLESS STEEL ACTIVE
6 Tir
7 LEAD
8 COPPER
FASTENER CHASED.EE 9 stainless STEEL Passive
SURFACE ANODE FASTENER CATHODE ok

SURFACE CATHODE FASTENER ANODE PROBLEM

commondifficultansacencies
COPPER GALVANIZED STEEL FASTENERS
Roofs
UNDER HUMID Conditions on

BRASS AND STEEL GALVANIZED STEEL FASTENERS

Roofs
UNDER HUMID Conditions on

Aluminum AND GALVANIZED STEEL FASTENERS

Roofs
UNDER HUMID Conditions on

STAINLESS STEEL GALVANIZED STEEL FASTENERS

Roofs
UNDER HUMID Conditions on

COPPER AND ZINC

STEEL AND ZINC

MORTAR AND ZINC

CERTAIN WOODS WITH low PH

WHITE CEDAR AND DOUGLAS FIR

IN CONTACT WITH ZINC
 ISOLATE BOTH SIDES

GENERAL Rule EMBODIED ENERGY

MATERIALS THAT ARE MORE Finished
MORE PETROLEUM USED

HAVIER MATERIALS
HIGHER Glue Amounts

LARGE AMOUNT of HEAT in Probuction

LARGE AMOUNT OF MINING REFING

ABOUT 901 STEEL IS RECYCLED

ABOUT 30 Aluminum is recycled