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    Crane-10

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    Spasoje Trifkovic

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Crane-10

    Uploaded by

    Spasoje Trifkovic
    9 views6 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    9 views6 pages

    Crane-10

    Uploaded by

    Spasoje Trifkovic

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    34 Cranes – Design, Practice, and Maintenance

    this has led to. It must be kept in mind that it is a matter of torque
    which has to be delivered by the motors to the crane or to the trolley.
    N · 9550
    MG Nm
    n
    where
    MGtorque in Nm on the motorshaft
    NGthe motor power in kilowatts
    nGnumber of revolutions per minute of the motor

    A note with regard to the standards


    It has been decided that the European Standards will be replaced by
    the CEN standards (CEN GComité Européen de Normalisation). These
    CEN standards are now developed (see Sections 5.1–5.3).]

    To be able to meet the wind force on the crane only it is necessary that
    Σ(c · q · A) · D兾2
    MG
    i·η
    where
    MGtotal torque, needed on the motorshaft(s), to drive the crane
    against the windforce
    Σ(c · q · A)Gtotal windforce
    D兾2Gradius of the driven wheel
    iGreduction of the gearings between the driven wheel and the driving
    motor
    iGnmotor :nwheel
    η Gtotal efficiency of the drive mechanism

    The motors have to be able to deliver the necessary torque also at low
    speeds during such a time that the crane driver can drive the crane
    against the storm towards the storm pot, where the crane can be
    anchored.
    Considerations that must be borne in mind for a crane travelling
    mechanism are (see also Chapter 3):
    – the resistance due to nominal travelling;
    – the resistances due to the influence of the wind;
    – the resistances due to the acceleration of the linear moving masses;
    and
    – the resistances due to the acceleration of the rotating masses.
    Introduction 35

    The wind speeds and aerodynamic pressures become greater at greater


    heights from the ground.
    Table 1.5.2 Windspeeds etc., at greater heights
    Aerodynamic pressure
    Height above quay in Storm windspeed in
    metres m兾sec q in N兾m2 (in lbs兾sq ft )
    0–20 metres 36 800 (16)
    20–100 metres 42 1100 (22)
    H100 metres 46 1300 (26)

    1.6 Hatchless container vessels


    Container vessels with hatches are well known. The deck-containers are
    then loaded on top of the hatches and must be very well lashed with
    lashings and semi-automated twist locks (SATLs) to prevent containers
    being lost during a storm etc.
    Unlashing respective. Lashing the containers, handling the SATLs,
    and opening and closing the hull of vessels with hatches takes a con-
    siderable time.
    In order to overcome these problems, naval architects designed the
    so-called ‘hatchless vessels’. These vessels have no hatches and
    reinforced cell-guides run from the bottom of the vessel, up to almost
    the top of the highest deck-container. Lashing of these deck-containers
    and handling the hatches is then no longer necessary. This hatchless
    construction saves a lot of work and time during unloading or loading
    the vessel; in addition, the danger of losing containers in a storm is
    fully avoided.
    Nedlloyd and other stevedores have built a number of these hatchless
    vessels. Nedlloyd states that they achieved 10–15 percent greater pro-
    ductivity, although now all containers have to be hoisted over the
    higher cell-guides.
    The well-known Dutch naval architect Ir. E. Vossnack has made
    designs for a series of modernized hatchless vessels which show interest-
    ing design details. Figures 1.6.1 and 1.6.2 show some of the design
    sketches of Ir. E. Vossnack.
    36 Cranes – Design, Practice, and Maintenance

    Fig. 1.6.1 Hatchless vessel, 22 across


    Introduction 37

    Fig. 1.6.2 Capacity, width and draft, etc.


    38 Cranes – Design, Practice, and Maintenance

    Fig. 1.6.3 Hatchless vessel


    Chapter 2

    Wire Ropes

    2.1 Wire rope reeving systems


    The system of the wire rope reeving differs from one crane type to
    another. Two of the main reeving systems are indicated in the following
    figures. In container cranes, the safety of the wire rope against rupture

    Fig. 2.1.1 Normal hoist wire rope scheme for a container crane

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