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    Science 7. Metals and Non-Metals

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    Science 7. Metals and Non-Metals

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    Science 7. Metals and Non-Metals

    Uploaded by

    madamadhusudhan7b

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Science 7.

    Metals And Non-Metals


    All the objects or materials in the world are made from
    elements, compounds or their mixtures. All the elements are
    classified into three types namely Metals, Non-Metals and
    Metalloids.
    METALS: Gold, silver, copper, aluminum, magnesium,
    sodium, platinum are few metals. Metals have lustre. The
    metals are hard. Wire or sheet can be from them made
    metal. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
    Metals lose their valence electrons to produce positively
    charged ions, that is, cations.
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS:
    1. Physical state: Under ordinary temperature metals
    stay in solid state. However, metals like mercury and
    gallium are exception, which are in liquid state even
    at room temperature.
    2. Lustre: Take a copper vessel at your home. Scrub
    them with lemon and rinse it with water. Observe the
    lustre before and after cleaning it with lemon. Light
    gets reflected from the cleaned or freshly cut surface
    of metal and the metals look lustrous.
    3. Hardness: Metals are hard, not soft. Exception:
    Sodium and potassium are soft and can be easily cut
    with a knife.
    4. Ductility: Have you ever gone to a gold smith’s shop??
    Have you seen a gold smith making a wire of gold or
    silver?? When metal I pulled through a hold its wire is
    formed. This property of metal is called ductility.
    5. Malleability: Take an iron nail. Place it on a platform
    and keep on hammering it. After sometime you will
    see a thin sheet of forming. This property is called
    Malleability. OR Metal can be easily bent and can be
    easily made into thin sheets and this property is called
    Malleability.
    6. Conduction of heat: Take a copper plate. Fix some
    wax at one of its ends. Heat the other end and
    observe. Metals are good conductors of heat. Silver,
    copper and aluminum are the best conductors of
    heat.
    7. Conduction of electricity: Which metals are used to
    make metal wires?? Metals are good conductors of
    electricity too, Lead is an exception, which is neither a
    good conductor of electricity nor of heat.
    8. Density: Metals have high density. Sodium, potassium
    and lithium are exception, having lower density than
    water. The density of lithium is only 0.53 g/cc.
    9. Melting point & Boiling point: Generally, metals have
    high melting points and boiling points. Exception: Hg,
    Na, K and Ga.
    10. Sonority: Metals are sonorous as they produce
    sound on striking.
    NON-METALS: Carbon, Sulphur, Phosphorus are a few
    non-metals. Generally, non-metals are brittle and non-
    lustrous.
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-METALS:
    1.

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