Journal of Science and Technology (JST)

Volume 2, Issue 3, May - June 2017, PP 01-04

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A Literature Review on composite Material For Drive Shaft

J. Nalini Kumari1, Dr. B.S.R. Murthy 2
1,2
(Anurag College of Engineering, Aushapur, Hyderabad)

Abstract : A drive shaft is a pivoting part that transmits control from the motor to the differential apparatus of a
back wheel drive vehicles. The steel driveshaft is utilized as a part of car, these days this steel drive shaft is
supplanted by composite material drive shaft. It has been demonstrated that composite drive shafts are
successful in over-coming the confinements, for example, weight, vibrational qualities and basic speed. Their
flexible properties can be tailored to increase the torque as well as the rotational speed at which they operate.
The drive shafts are used in automotive ,aircraft and aerospace applications. The automotive industry is
exploiting composite material technology for structural components construction in order to obtain there
reduction of the weight without decrease in vehicle quality and reliability. The drive shafts are utilized as a part
of car, air ship and aviation applications. It is known that energy conservation is one of the most important
Indeed, the very way of the composite materials (fiber and resinous fastener) permits drive-shafts to be intended
to meet particular basic operational characteristics ,and accordingly custom fitted to coordinate the prerequisites
of individual applications. The consequence of this are utilized for demonstrating of carbon/epoxy composite
drive shaft and steel drive shaft utilizing CAD programming to perform static, clasping and modular
examination of both drive shaft utilizing ANSYS programming.

Keywords - Drive shaft, composite material, ANSYS

I. INTRODUCTION
When all is said in done, the car drive shafts are being made by one of the routine assembling process
succession i.e. Hot Forging, Normalizing and consequently case solidifying and hardening to accomplish the
coveted useful quality prerequisites. The case solidifying process like acceptance solidifying or gas carburizing
might be chosen in light of geometry, material science and utilitarian necessities. The part like drive shafts
which are subjected to torsional stack at the surface and bowing burden at center amid application. Composite
drive shafts have fathomed numerous mechanical and auto-thought process issues. The innovation is
demonstrated; it stays for potential clients to perceive these favorable circumstances and make the move far
from metal tubing. As in the presentation of most new ideas, there has been much misconstruing about the
capacities of carbon fiber drive shafts. It is tended to by the data displayed underneath will clear up this
circumstance.

The torque that is delivered from the motor and transmission must be exchanged to the back wheels to
push the vehicle forward and turn around. The drive shaft must give a smooth, continuous stream of energy to
the axles. The driveshaft and differential are utilized to exchange this torque. The propelled composite materials,
for example, Graphite, Carbon, Kevlar and Glass with appropriate saps are broadly utilized on account of their
high particular (quality/thickness) and high particular (modulus/thickness). Propelled composite materials
appear to be preferably suited for long, control driver shaft (propeller shaft) applications. Their flexible
properties can be custom fitted to build the torque they can convey and in addition the rotational speed at which
they work.

II. COMPOSITE MATERIAL DRIVE SHAFT

L.V. Pavan Kumar Maddula, Ibrahim Awara [1],. Concentrated on fuel effectiveness and vehicle
outflows and has driven the car business to investigate low weight elective plans for power train framework
components. The display work clarifies how a potential outline change of drive shafts driven by a longing to
decrease weight and cost can prompt to NVH (Noise, Vibrational& Harshness) issues brought on by driveshaft
resonances and clarifies how utilizing numerous dynamic vibration safeguards (DVA) can tackle the issue to
meet client desire while enhancing efficiency.CuipingFeng, Zhihong Dong, Yuliang Yang,

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Journal of Science and Technology

ChaoxingXie, Kai Wanget., al[2],. With the guide of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and enhancement
programming, communications between various DVA's on a framework was comprehended and ideal damper
parameters for compelling damping was distinguished. The last DVA configuration was tried and checked on
the vehicle for ideal trait execution.
Victor Baumhardt, ValdineiSczibor[3]have concentrated the significance of Halfshafts as Halfshafts are
essential segments from vehicle powertrain. They are the components mindful to transmit torque and revolution
from transmission to wheels. Its fundamental plan comprise of a strong bar with joints at every outrageous. Be
that as it may, contingent upon its length, the regular recurrence of first bowing mode may have a model
arrangement with motor, bringing about undesired clamor on vehicle inside.
Joseph V. Gabiniewicz, Douglas M. Dough puncher, Michael Testani[5] Historically, driveshaft torque
information has been gotten utilizing slip rings. Slip rings, in any case, are costly, and require time-serious
driveshaft alterations for appropriate establishment. Also, the time and cost required in field overhauling units is
restrictive
Chaithanya G Rothe[6] et., al., broke down the outline requirements because of the physical geometry
(bigger range) of the drive shafts utilized as a part of the said applications, including car applications, the shear
quality which determines the heap conveying limit, is of minor plan significance since the disappointment mode
is commanded by clasping; along these lines, the fundamental outline components are the twisting common
recurrence and the torsional clasping quality, which are elements of the longitudinal and loop bowing firmness,
individually. The variable of the cover thickness bigly affects the clasping quality, and a slight impact on the
bowing regular recurrence.
The thickness of the particular fiber fortified layers herefore examined can be fluctuated as per plan
rule that basic speed of the pole is adequately lifted to a point that no major spin speed commotion issue is
experienced inside the mulled over end utilize application. Such outline standards are directed by the Young's
modulus of flexibility of the glass and carbon filaments, fiber arrangement and the way of alternate segments of
the drive shaft, the drive shaft distance across, the aggregate divider thickness, and the general length of the
drive shaft over an extensive variety of working velocity.

Properties of HS Carbon / Epoxy and HM Carbon / Epoxy

Mechanical Properties Units HM - Carbon / Epoxy HS - Carbon / Epoxy

E11 Gpa 190 134

E22 Gpa 7.7 7.0

G12 Gpa 4.2 5.8

ν12- 0.3 0.3

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Journal of Science and Technology

Mechanical Properties and Prices of Typical

Graphite Fiber*.
Material PAN/ Density3
Tensile Modulus Price/
Name Pitch lbs/i Kpsi Kpsi Pound
n
T-300 PAN 0.064 530 33.5 $ 23
T-650/92 PAN 0.064 730 42.0 $ 50
T-40 PAN 0.065 820 42.0 $ 59
T-50 PAN 0.065 420 57.0 $ 90
T-1000G PAN 0.065 924 42.7 $ 75
P-55S Pitch 0.072 275 55.0 $ 52
P-75S Pitch 0.072 300 75.0 $ 385
P-120 Pitch 0.079 350 120 $ 800
K-1100 Pitch 350- 130 $ 1,750
550

III. SUMMARIZATION OF ANYSIS RESULT

It is educated the one-piece composite drive shaft for back wheel drive vehicle was outlined ideally by
utilizing genetic Algorithm for High Strength Carbon/Epoxy and High Modulus Carbon/Epoxy composites with
the target of minimization of weight of the pole which is subjected to the limitations, for example, torque
transmission, torsional buckling capacities and common bowing recurrence.

Fig 1 Maximum Shear Stress for HM Carbon/Epoxy Fig 2 Maximum Deformation for HM Carbon/Epoxy

IV. CONCLUSION
In this study, we evaluate several cylindrical composites shafts by carbon laminate in order to ensure
maximum strength and reliability with minimum material usage. Improvement of laminate stacking sequence
and sheet winding production process result the ultimate strength goes twenty percent higher than
conventional concept shaft. In future work, we will try to prove numerically that anti-buckling effect by
SMPW’s spiral laminate structure. And also we will evaluate the effect on fatigue limit of this technology. This
SMPW technology should be confirm greatly contribute to reduce weight ,strengthen and save carbon fiber
material to meat cost requirement for automotive parts; typically for light-weight torque shaft like propeller or
drive axle to achieve ultimate performance.

REFERENCES
[1] Application of multiple dynamic vibration absorbers to reduce NVH risks caused by alternative half shaft design (2017-03-28 Technical
Paper)
[2] Design of Experiment of Dynamic Vibration Absorber for Drive Shaft (2015-04-14 Technical Paper 2015-01-0631)
[3] Geometrical Optimization of an Automotive Halfshaft 2017-03-28 Technical Paper (2017-01-1125) Victor Baumhardt, ValdineiSczibor
[4]Jin Kook Kim. Dai GilLee, and Durk Hyun Cho, 2001, “Investigation of Adhesively Bonded Joints for Composite Propeller shafts”,
Journal of Composite Materials, Vol.35, No.11, pp.999-1021.
[5] Development of a Vehicle Drive Shaft Telemetry System 2016-04-05 Technical Paper 2016-01-0410 Joseph V. Gabiniewicz, Douglas M.
Baker, Michael Testani

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[6] Design and Analysis of Composite Material Drive Shaft Chaitanya G Rothe, A. S. Bombatkar et., al.
[7] Review of Design of hybrid aluminum/ composite drive shaft for automobile Bushan K. Suryawanshi, G. Damle International journal of
Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering ISSN:2278-3075, vol-2, issue-4, March-2013.
[8] Materials science Vol.11, no.2,2005.
[9] “Design and Analysis of composite drive shaft using ANSYS and GA” A critical review International journal of modern engineering
research (IJMER) www.ijmer.com vol.3, issue.1, Jan-Feb 2013 pp 490-496 ISSN:2249-6645 Sagar R. Dharmadhikari, 1 Sachin G.
Mahakalkar, 2 Jayant P. Giri, 3 Nilesh D. Khutafale4.
[10] McDermott, J.; Fiberglass Recycling; Composite Fabri-cation, Composites Fabrication Association; Arlington, VA;May 1996, pp. 9-
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[11] Jones R.M., 1990, Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2e, McGraw- Hill Book Company, New York.
[12] Belingardi.G, Calderale.P.M. And Rosetto.M, 1990, “Design Of Composite Material Drive Shafts for Vehicular Applications”, Int. J. of
Vehicle Design, Vol.11, No.6, pp. 553-563.
[13] Pollard. A, 1989, “Polymer Matrix Composites in Driveline Applications”, Journal of Composite Structures Vol.25, pp.165-175.

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