STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL and Parito

STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL
- involves inspecting a random sample of the output from a process and

deciding whether the process is producing products with characteristics
that fall within a predetermined range.
- SPC answers the question of whether the process is functioning properly

or not.
SOURCES OF VARIATION
- Common Causes of Variation
 Random causes
 Cannot be identify
 Unavoidable & are due to slight

differences in processing
 No two products are exactly alike because of slight differences in

materials, workers, machines, tools and other factors.
- Assignable Causes of Variation
 Can be precisely identified and

Eliminated.
Examples: poor quality in raw materials
 Employee who needs more training
 Machine in need of repair
DEVELOPING CONTROL CHARTS
 A control chart is a tool used for monitoring the production process.
 It is also called process chart or quality control chart.
 A control chart has upper and lower control limits that separate common
from assignable causes of variation.
The upper & lower control limits on a
control chart are usually set at ± 3 standard
deviations from the mean.
95.44% = 2 sigma
99.74% = 3 sigma
TYPES OF CONTROL CHARTS:
VARIABLE CHART
- A control chart for variables is

used to monitor characteristics that
can be measured & have a
continuum of values, such as height,
weight or volume.
CONTROL CHARTS FOR VARIABLES:
MEAN (X bar) CHART – Is used to monitor changes in the mean of the

process.
ATTRIBUTE CHART
- A control chart for attributes is used

to monitor characteristics that have
discrete values & can be counted.
- Often they can be evaluated with a

simple yes or no decision, good or bad,
acceptable or unacceptable.
- Attributes are discrete in nature and

entail simple yes-or-no decisions.
Examples:
Number of nonfunctioning light bulbs
Proportion of broken eggs in a carton
Number of rotten apples

Number of scratches on a tile
Number of complaints issued
TYPES OF CONTROL CHARTS FOR

ATTRIBUTES: P-CHART
P-charts are used to measure the

proportion of items in a sample that are
defective.
P-charts are appropriate when both the

number of defectives measured & the
size of the total sample can be counted.
Example: Proportion of broken cookies in

a batch
Pareto
What is Pareto Analysis?
A quality control tool used for

identifying the most important
factors in a set of data
Based on the 80/20 rule: 80% of

the effects come from 20% of the
causes
Helps prioritize problems to focus

on the most impactful issues
Origin of Pareto Analysis
Named after Vilfredo Pareto,

an Italian economist who first
observed that 80% of wealth in
Italy was owned by 20% of the
Population.
PROCESS CAPABILITY.
It is evaluating the ability of a production

process to meet or exceed preset
specifications.
It involves evaluating process variability

relative to preset product specifications
in order to determine whether the
process is capable of producing
acceptable products.
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
✓ Tolerances
✓ Preset ranges of acceptable quality
characteristics such as product
dimensions
✓ Product specifications or tolerance limits

are usually established by design
engineers or product design specialists.
WHY MEASURE PROCESS CAPABILITY?
✓ Simply setting up control charts to

monitor whether a process is in control
does not guarantee process capability.
✓ To produce an acceptable product, the

process must be capable & in control
before production begins.
PROCESS CAPABILITY INDEX
✓ Process capability is measured by the

process capability index, Cp.
✓ An index used to measure process
capability.
INTERPRETING PROCESS CAPABILITY
COMPUTING PROCESS CAPABILITY INDEX
SHORTCOMING OF PROCESS CAPABILITY INDEX
PROCESS CAPABILITY FORMULA
COMPARISON OF PROCESS CAPABILITY

INDEX & PROCESS CAPABILITY
2. COMPARISON OF PROCESS CAPABILITY
INDEX & PROCESS CAPABILITY.

SPECIFICATION & CONTROL LIMITS
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
PROJECT
A set of interrelated activities that has a
✓Clearly defined goal or outcome
✓Specific completion date
✓Defined budget
MANAGEMENT
A discipline that consists of a set of five general functions:

✓Planning
✓Organizing
✓Staffing
✓Leading and
✓Controlling
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
✓Focused on planning and organizing a project and its

resources.
✓Resources are the 5 Ms.

STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL and Parito

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL and Parito

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL and Parito

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL

- involves inspecting a random sample of the output from a process and

- SPC answers the question of whether the process is functioning properly

- Common Causes of Variation

 Unavoidable & are due to slight

 No two products are exactly alike because of slight differences in

- Assignable Causes of Variation

 Can be precisely identified and

Examples: poor quality in raw materials

 Employee who needs more training

 Machine in need of repair

DEVELOPING CONTROL CHARTS

 A control chart is a tool used for monitoring the production process.

 It is also called process chart or quality control chart.

TYPES OF CONTROL CHARTS:

- A control chart for variables is

MEAN (X bar) CHART – Is used to monitor changes in the mean of the

- A control chart for attributes is used

- Often they can be evaluated with a

- Attributes are discrete in nature and

Number of nonfunctioning light bulbs

Proportion of broken eggs in a carton

Number of rotten apples

Number of complaints issued

TYPES OF CONTROL CHARTS FOR

P-charts are used to measure the

P-charts are appropriate when both the

Example: Proportion of broken cookies in

What is Pareto Analysis?

A quality control tool used for

Based on the 80/20 rule: 80% of

Helps prioritize problems to focus

Origin of Pareto Analysis

Named after Vilfredo Pareto,

It is evaluating the ability of a production

It involves evaluating process variability

✓ Product specifications or tolerance limits

WHY MEASURE PROCESS CAPABILITY?

✓ Simply setting up control charts to

✓ To produce an acceptable product, the

PROCESS CAPABILITY INDEX

✓ Process capability is measured by the

COMPARISON OF PROCESS CAPABILITY

INDEX & PROCESS CAPABILITY.

A discipline that consists of a set of five general functions:

✓Focused on planning and organizing a project and its

You might also like