Metallurgy

By Aakash Sharma
METALLURGY
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free
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A
is
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artic 1652-TasO
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e
s
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hydrocarbonchain
Hydrophobic
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-
f
~
00
O

* ·00 0

depresst:-es.(N)
⑯-> Ins(pramas
impurity)
Ens I Nacro-Na,
zeni
[In(win]
n ↓
Ins
ensures that
in
present
is not

from.
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S 4
-
pas
16
e

⑳
 (H)
x
peolution 03.CUz
WAA1OZ
-
-
(AICOU)3]
A
Na[Al(Ony] +W2t
⑰02 +40-
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AlC0.7043-
-

8
Al, 05.

E
DS)
N

Uzo
-
- e n

&want is:
↓

wat
ele
↳
 ,
carbonate ores

-
 anfess the
res
->

two
-
-

~
SiO2
- v nur
↓
es-
-

~
[
smelting and reduction of ore
C

0
I

⑰
beton prevent
liquefaction

E
ppasote, par
e
(important
* ,
,
#
- -

m
 PBO (9)
-P
Ellingham
Ellingham Diagram
v

diagram M(s) 029

+ > MOCS) AG v/s T
AUCODS :
=

"
0 O

W
 (1G -

-
x)
m
+
Stall
M(8) 0219) -> M018).
AG=
+

the, unstable
- -
-

T
MIS1 +0c = MOCS)

*
=+ ve]

b= (?Sp -

[Sp]
~
+ i
0 g
+
(S).

O
- D
X
0

-
 ·
-10 vs

gary
9.

n e

t
timitations:

whether
edite sectionisable
at
undergate
the --

simply reduction
process.
Itdoes not
say
aboutthe kineties
of
law
Question. Astudent suggested
calcium
that
should be made
if
Was studentcorrect
powder.
the
Aluminium
with
reacted
is 3
·Ca Ca
102
-

k5/mal
Bay
+

-604.2
(60) =

given -1902 K5/mal.2A1 +

302 A133.
-

.
BGy(A1203)
=

X
sol 2A1 3900
+
- >
Als +3Ca.

-Gi [(G)p- (BGj)R.

=

(tre)
1582 [3.2)=
=-
-

-
 AGE 900
Alls) 02 Al203(3).
-

-
* +

14= -1000

My + 02 ->
MgOIS).
0/2 14 +900
=

1203 Al
+

g
D4 -1600
=

M0
Al+MgO. 1l = -100
Ms + A20
->

Al2O3 ·

-900 Al+O2- -
-

1000 + MSO.
Mg+Oz

T80x
=
1400
 rest,
Metal ling
(Fesio
#
Sag
andsting, and selling
senet
e ratory
Fes
SY02
infall cast as
(20
molten
imatte
con is heated
after
*
FFP, the ore

in a
furnace.
severberatory
copper matte=

es+soz

reaction
major

mind
y t

fromthe bottom ofthe

*

facecope
reverberate matte the
(as rest

BMER CONVERTER.
 (at)
take place in bessemer
converter.
heating
string
I (99.99%) in presence of
air
[I,ST2) SYOz
a
+ add
BESSEMER

electrolyte
in
- >

Y CONVERTER

Blistene self
Ge
Butas as day festos

I
pare) Polling.
molten
190%purs reduction I

we
go for (as so,
at(T2) Cu,O
leaves)

BESSEMER CONVERTER (Reins)

~

feotso24
Fest302 -

Imolters
feo+ SiO2 ->feSiOg/slag)
SO2 T.(
Cyst302 -

e
zes -so
 #Metallurgy of
Pb
reduction method is used
is
if impurity
content is
high-carbon self low then reduction).
3 feSiO3
(
if PbO
Y
PDS from floatation, PDS (Conc" ore) roasting
in
> PbSOy smeltingcoke)
(in
7

-blimpures
presence of
Sioz-impuritypresence of Casios
(NaCN sol)

La
CarO3 +feo
(slag)
Na[In ↓liguation
WacN+2S- (N) u
↓ STOtimpurity
impurity
↓
in
depresso. 7
7
⑰ - imp metal
Bett's
7
pure metal Pb"pune)
7 ⑬ -

process.
electrolyte42SiFs
e
+PbSifs

low then
if impurity reduction ⑯
-

self
 Aluminium
NAZAAls.
of
Metallurgy
#
intoalumina-Bauxite-alumina (A03)
conversion
of
ore
is
reduction
of A2O3 [Hall-Heroultprocess)
Al0z ->
c
is
electrolyte X
A3-
E

mode 30-0z
y
+ be; cathode ~
(Cyolite]
2 NazAlFs-(60%)
electrolyte
=

->

Cafe(20%),
A1203(20%)
powder (flousspar)
good
during
loke

function ofCafehas electral

time
·or ao or a aw

v same.

function of
* NazAlFs
~es
to dissolve A1203
act as solvent.heps
~- me

heatloss
powder- prevents corrosion
~

of loke
-
purpose
of
amode.
e 17
-

andis follwNEERT
electrolyte refining of
Al:
.
#

espros:-set
Y agreate
↓ n
M e
e
nee
e
et in
e

in
nee

fa**A/A1st) moves
nee
nee
⑲% m iner

pE's PS
to middle
layer

of
#Metallurgy
Fe
BLAST FURNACE
-

Fez3
smelting coke -
Motion
in

inng
1)
hy drawlie cone
calcination, Fezs+SiOz
& of
timpurity) preserve
Fez0y
washing, ore -

roashing &

limestones
Feloz 21 magnetic t

seperation puddi
toration fest
Roasted one. I part
fezz.2420 2
1 e I

powder
it
Coke in parts) on
wrong
~

, feotCO2
2) Felz catos parts

3) FegOy
A
>
Fe + fezs
fe
->
02
even fo Fez83 Ioaslung
getwasted))
,
Ictal
fif Roasting is done
not Fios ->feos
then
 reaction reduction
of zone.
a
FURNACE
BLAST v
3
fezz to - 2FezOut02

L
v
3Feot 2
ToK FezUy+c0 ->

~
footco -> fet
U2

impurities
infusion
all
*
zone
file
e
⑥
⑧
or and
Soo K

reduction
zone ->900- settle down to
iron.
form
mee
- pig
slag formation
E Mefusand socision
zone-
m o re
e
-

fusion zone
-
imme mee
-
Mm, Al, P, S, Si slag.
W
combustion
⑩co-main reducing agent.
->
zone
-

I + W2 20
o
feet
C +
0z CO2.
-
 cornalite
#metallurgy of Mg
-

Magnesium
*
is extracted
from ku.MgR2.60/seawater/ anhydrous MyHz

Mg2+
-

20
(molten)
Mg4
>

2e-
Uz
+

A)
-

201 ->

Mg 18)
Mg2+ 2e->
+

dissolved
in, som (KT, c, Mg)
from
carnalite
on cooling
*
U20& boil

⑭ Mg2t,a
-

u
-

↓wol
Dstal)
64
evaporate,
sea water
consolation.
*
from lime water

NaulenofNatalie
-

botte
Smquetgumdr
L
-

c
-
 reaction also happens with
I the
same

FeUz. 640, 2n42.240, S4G.240,

fall. 2120)
Alz. 640,
S120
Mg42.640,
+
Mgo+2Ux
I

3
A
+64,0
>MgU2
S Mg4. 64,0
⑭+ * Mgotzn
->

by
HU
this is
↓ in
carried out
current gas.
in backward direction.
so ry moves