2 1 Linear Functions Graphs 9QXCXKuI

IB DP Maths 4 hours 31 questions
2.1 Linear Functions &

Graphs
2.1.1 Equations of a Straight Line
Medium (11 questions) /76 Scan here to return to the course

or visit savemyexams.com
Hard (10 questions) /66
Very Hard (10 questions) /81
Total Marks /223
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Medium Questions
1 (a) The equation of a line l is 2x − y + 6 = 0 .
1
For the line l find:

1
(i) the y -intercept
(ii) the x -intercept
(iii) the gradient.
(3 marks)
(b) A new line, l , intersects the x -axis at (4, 0) and is perpendicular to l .

2 1
Find:
(i) the gradient of the line l

2
(ii) the equation of the line l Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0 , where
2
a, b and d are integers.
(3 marks)
2 (a) The coordinates of point A are (2, 8) and the coordinates of point B are (−8, 2) . M is
the midpoint of ⎢⎣ AB ⎥⎦ .
⎡ ⎤
Find the coordinates of M .
(2 marks)
(b) The line l passes through A and B.

1
Find the gradient of l .

1
(2 marks)
(c) Find the equation of the line l . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0 , where
1
a, b and d are integers.
(3 marks)
3 (a) The coordinates of point A are (1, 7) and the coordinates of point B are (5, 5) . M is
the midpoint of ⎢⎣ AB ⎥⎦ .
⎡ ⎤
Find the coordinates of M .
(2 marks)
(b) The line l passes through the points A and B .

1
Find the equation of l . Give your answer in the form of y = mx + c .

1
(2 marks)
(c) A new line, l , is the perpendicular bisector to l .

2 1

2
(3 marks)
4 (a) Plumber A charges a fixed fee of $25 plus $15 per hour.
Using t for the number of hours a job takes, and CA for the total cost of a job, in dollars,
from Plumber A, write down an equation connecting t and CA .
(2 marks)
(b) A job takes the plumber seven hours.
Calculate the total cost of the job.
(2 marks)
(c) Plumber B charges a fixed fee of $20 plus $16 per hour.
Using t for the number of hours a job takes, and CB for the total cost of a job, in dollars,
from Plumber B, write down an equation connecting t and CB .
(2 marks)
(d) Determine which plumber would be the cheapest for a job taking six hours.
(3 marks)
5 (a) The diagram below shows the line l , which intersects the y -axis at A (0, 10) and the x -
1
axis at B (5,0) .
Find the equation of l Give your answer in the form of y = mx + c .

1.
(2 marks)
(b) Find the length of [AB].
(2 marks)
(c) A second line, l is parallel to l and intersects the x -axis at C (8,0) .

2 1
Find the equation of l Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0 , where a , b and d
2
are integers.
(2 marks)
(d) Find the coordinates where l2 intersects the y-axis.
(1 mark)
6 (a) Photocopy shop A charges $122 for 115 copies, and $190 for 200 copies.
Assuming a linear relationship, find
(i) the price for 180 copies
(ii) how many copies could be made for $385.20.
(4 marks)
(b) Photocopy shop B charges $0.82 per copy and a fixed fee of $25.50.
State which photocopy shop is cheaper to make 220 copies.
(3 marks)
7 (a) A family can be supplied with electricity by two companies that have different pricing
structures:
Company A: Fixed fee of $25/month and $0.2 per kWh consumed.
Company B: Fixed fee of $10/month and $0.22 per kWh consumed.
Determine the equation of the cost function for both companies, where the total
monthly cost y is a function of the monthly electricity consumption x in kWh.
(2 marks)
(b) Calculate the monthly energy consumption that results in the same monthly cost from
both companies.
(4 marks)
8 (a) Ardie’s monthly expenditure, C (x ) , is a linear function of his monthly income, x . Ardie’s
monthly expenditure is $1000 when his monthly income is $1200 and his monthly
expenditure increases by $60 for every $150 increase in his monthly income.
Write an expression connecting Ardie’s monthly expenditure, C (x ) , with his monthly

income, x .
(2 marks)
(b) Calculate Ardie’s monthly expenditure when his monthly income is $1885. Give your
answer to the nearest dollar.
(2 marks)
(c) Find Ardie’s monthly income when his monthly expenditure is $1070. Give your answer
to the nearest dollar.
(2 marks)
9 (a) The diagram below represents a mountain with a west facing slope and an east facing
slope labelled W and E respectively.
Horizontal scale: 1 unit represents 100 m.
Vertical scale: 1 unit represents 100 m.
Find the gradient of the west facing slope.
(1 mark)
3
(b) The gradient of the east facing slope in the diagram is − .
10
Find the total distance to hike over the mountain in km.
(6 marks)
(c) Suggest a reason as to why the actual total distance hiked may be greater than the
distance found in part (b).
(1 mark)
10 (a) The straight lines l and l are shown in the diagram below l intercepts the x -axis at
1 2 1
( 17, 0) and the y -axis at (0, 17) and l 2 intercepts the x -axis at (2, 0) and the y -axis at
(0, − 1) .
Giving your answer in the form y = mx + c , find:
(i) the equation of l

1
(ii) the equation of l .

2
(4 marks)
(b) Find the area of the shaded region.
(4 marks)
11 (a) A line passing through the origin O , is perpendicular to a line with equation
x + y = 16.
The two lines meet at point R . P is a point on (OR ) such that OP : PR = 3 : 1.
Find the equation of the perpendicular line and hence, the co-ordinates of point R.
(3 marks)
(b) Find the coordinates of P.
(2 marks)
Hard Questions
1 (a) The diagram below shows the line l with the equation 2x − 4y + 6 = 0 .
Point P has coordinates (−1,5) point Q has coordinates (7, 5) and point R has
coordinates (3, 3) . M is the midpoint of [PQ].
Write down the coordinates of M.
(1 mark)
(b) Show that Q lies on l.
(2 marks)
(c) Show that R lies on l.
(2 marks)
(d) Find the area of PQR.
(2 marks)
2 (a) The line l passes through the points (1, 7) and (5, 5) .
1

1
(2 marks)
(b) A new line, l , is perpendicular to l and passes through the point (4, 8) .
2 1

2
(2 marks)
(c) The point Z is the intersection of l and l .

1 2
Find the coordinates of Z .
(2 marks)
3 (a) Point A has coordinates (x , 4) and point B has coordinates (9, y ) . M is the midpoint of
⎡⎢ AB ⎤⎥ and has coordinates (−2, 7) .
⎣ ⎦
Find the value of x and y.
(3 marks)
(b) The line l passes through A and B.

1
Find the equation of l . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0, where a , b and d
1
are integers.
(2 marks)
4 (a) The line l passes through A (−3, − 5) and B (−1, − 7) .
1
Find the equation of l . Give your answer in the form y = mx + c .

1
(2 marks)
(b) Point C is such that B is the midpoint of

⎡⎢ AC ⎤⎥ .
⎣ ⎦
Find the coordinates of C.
(2 marks)
(c) Point D is such that C is the midpoint of

⎡⎢ AD ⎤⎥ .
⎣ ⎦
Find the coordinates of D.
(2 marks)
( 11, 12) and point B has coordinates (4, − 8) . The line l 1
5 (a) Point A has coordinates
passes through M, the midpoint of ⎢⎣ AB ⎥⎦ . The gradient of l is − 2.
⎡ ⎤
1
Write down the equation of l , giving your answer in the form y = mx + c .

1
(3 marks)
(b) The line l passes through A and has a gradient of 5.

2

2
(1 mark)
(c) Point C is the intersection of l and l .

1 2
Write down the coordinates of C, giving the x and y coordinates as fractions.
(2 marks)
6 (a) Finn borrows $3200 from his parents and decides to pay them back $ c in the first month
and then $ m each subsequent month.
After two months Finn has paid back his parents a total of $1000, this can be expressed
as m + c = 1000. After half a year he still owes his parents $1000.
Write down another equation connecting m and c.
(2 marks)
(b) Find the value of m and c.
(2 marks)
(c) Finn’s parents apply a 6.25% net interest to the $3200 total.
Calculate the number of months it takes Finn to pay back his parents.
(2 marks)
7 (a) The line l has the equation 5y − 2x + 1 = 0 . Point A has coordinates (x , 3) and is the
1
intersection of l and l . l 2 is perpendicular to l 1 .
1 2

2
(3 marks)
(b) Point B lies on l and is positioned such that AB is 12 units and the x -coordinate for B is
2
less than the x -coordinate for A.
Find the coordinates of B.
(5 marks)
8 The points K (6, y ) and N (x , 9) lie on the line l where x , y ∈ ℤ .

1
KN has a length of 5 units.
Find all the possible values for x and y .
(8 marks)
9 (a) Point A has coordinates (2, 1) , point B has coordinates (5, 7) , and point C has
coordinates (8, 1).
Calculate the length of AC.
(2 marks)
(b) Point D lies on the line (AC ) . The line ( BD ) is perpendicular to the line (AC).
Find the coordinates of D.
(3 marks)
(c) Calculate the area of the triangle ABC.
(3 marks)
10 (a) The distance between points P ( 20, 40) and Q (x , 20) is equal to 25 units.
Find the possible values of x .
(3 marks)
(b) It is given that x < 20 .
Point R is such that point Q is the midpoint of the line segment with endpoints P and R.
Write down the coordinates of R.
(3 marks)
Very Hard Questions
1 (a) A cat breeder is measuring the rate at which a kitten grows by measuring its “back-
length”, which is the distance from the base of the neck to the base of the tail.
At 1 week old the kitten measured 2.42 cm. 8 weeks later the kitten’s back length had
doubled.
Using a linear model, find an equation linking , the kitten’s “back-length” in centimetres,
to x , the age of the kitten in weeks.
(3 marks)
(b) Find the kitten’s “back-length” at birth.
(1 mark)
(c) Use the model to find the age, in weeks, of the kitten that has a “back-length” of 7 cm.
(1 mark)
(d) This breed of cat is fully grown after 50 weeks.
Find the cat’s “back-length” at 50 weeks.
(1 mark)
(e) Comment on the suitability of the linear model used.
(2 marks)
(6, − 2) , R has coordinates (−2, 2) . The equation of the line PQ
2 (a) Point P has coordinates
is y = − 2 and the equation of the line QR is y = 2x + 6 .
Find the coordinates of point Q.
(2 marks)
(b) Find the distance of PQ and QR.
(3 marks)
(c) Find the area of triangle PQR.
(2 marks)
3 (a) Point P has coordinates (4, 2) and point Q has coordinates (1, 8). l is the perpendicular
1
bisector of [PQ].
Find the equation of l , giving your answer in the form y = mx + c .

1
(4 marks)
(b) l 2 passes through Q and has a gradient of − 3.
Find the equation of l , giving your answer in the form y = mx + c .

2
(2 marks)
(c) Point C lies on l and has a negative x coordinate. The length of QC is 14 units.
2
Find the coordinates of C.
(4 marks)
4 (a) Point A has coordinates (0, y ) , l 1 passes through points A and B and has the equation
4x − 3y − 3 = 0 . The length of [AB] is 10 units.
Find the possible coordinates of point B.
(3 marks)
(b) l 2 passes through points C and D, is parallel to l 1 and crosses the x -axis when x = 5 .
Write down the equation of l . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0 , where a , b
2
and d are integers.
(2 marks)
(c) Point C has coordinates (x , 4) and CD is half the length of AB.
Find the possible coordinates of point D.
(3 marks)
5 (a) The line l passes through A (10, − 12) and B (5, 2)
1
Find the equation of l . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0 , where a , b and d
1
are integers.
(2 marks)
(b) The line l passes through M, the midpoint of [AB] and has a gradient of 7.
2
Find the equation of l . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0 , where a , b and d
2
are integers.
(3 marks)
(c) Point C lies on l such that MC has a length of 12 units.

2
Find the possible coordinates of C.
(5 marks)
6 (a) Carpenter A charges a fixed fee of $28 plus $22.50 per hour. The carpenter then charges
tax on top of the total cost of 21%.
Defining suitable variables, write down an equation to represent the charges, including
tax, made by the carpenter.
(2 marks)
(b) Carpenter B charges a fixed fee of $35 and $26.50 per hour. These prices already
account for tax.
Find the number of hours for which both carpenters charge the same amount.
(4 marks)
(c) Tom needs a job doing by a carpenter that he estimates will take 8.5 hours. Carpenter C
has given Tom a fixed quote of $250.
Determine which carpenter would be the cheapest option for Tom.
(2 marks)
7 (a) The line l has equation 6x + 4y − 21 = 0 and crosses the x -axis at point A (p , 0) .
1
Find the value of p .
(1 mark)
(b) The line l is perpendicular to l and crosses the x -axis at B (3p , 0) .

2 1
Write down the equation of l . Give your answer in the form ax + by + d = 0 , where a , b
2
and d are integers.
(2 marks)
(c) l 2 crosses the y -axis at point C.
Find the area of the triangle OAC, where O is the origin. Give your answer as a fraction.
(5 marks)
8 The points A (x , − 5) and B (−1, y ) lie on the line l where x , y ∈ ℤ. AB has a length
1
of 13 units.
Find all the possible x and y values.
(8 marks)
9 (a) A quadrilateral has four vertices with coordinates
A( − 1, − 1) , B(2,2) , C(4,2) , D( − 1, − 3) .
Show that [AB] and [CD] are parallel.
(1 mark)
(b) Calculate the distance of
(i) AB .
(ii) CD .
(3 marks)
(c) Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD.
(4 marks)
10 The point F(−2, 4) lies on the line l . l 1 crosses the y -axis at point G .
1
Another line, l , is perpendicular to l at the point F and crosses the y -axis at the point
2 1
H(0, − 3) .
Find the area of the triangle GFH. Give your answer as a fraction.
(6 marks)

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IB DP Maths 4 hours 31 questions

2.1 Linear Functions &

Medium (11 questions) /76 Scan here to return to the course

Very Hard (10 questions) /81

Total Marks /223

For the line l find:

(i) the y -intercept

(ii) the x -intercept

(iii) the gradient.

(b) A new line, l , intersects the x -axis at (4, 0) and is perpendicular to l .

(i) the gradient of the line l

Find the coordinates of M .

(b) The line l passes through A and B.

Find the gradient of l .

Find the coordinates of M .

(b) The line l passes through the points A and B .

Find the equation of l . Give your answer in the form of y = mx + c .

(c) A new line, l , is the perpendicular bisector to l .

Find the equation of l . Give your answer in the form of y = mx + c .

(b) A job takes the plumber seven hours.

Calculate the total cost of the job.

Find the equation of l Give your answer in the form of y = mx + c .

(b) Find the length of [AB].

(c) A second line, l is parallel to l and intersects the x -axis at C (8,0) .

(d) Find the coordinates where l2 intersects the y-axis.

Assuming a linear relationship, find

(i) the price for 180 copies

(ii) how many copies could be made for $385.20.

State which photocopy shop is cheaper to make 220 copies.

Company A: Fixed fee of $25/month and $0.2 per kWh consumed.

Company B: Fixed fee of $10/month and $0.22 per kWh consumed.

Write an expression connecting Ardie’s monthly expenditure, C (x ) , with his monthly

Horizontal scale: 1 unit represents 100 m.

Vertical scale: 1 unit represents 100 m.

Find the gradient of the west facing slope.

Find the total distance to hike over the mountain in km.

Giving your answer in the form y = mx + c , find:

(i) the equation of l

(ii) the equation of l .

(b) Find the coordinates of P.

Write down the coordinates of M.

(b) Show that Q lies on l.

(c) Show that R lies on l.

(d) Find the area of PQR.

Find the equation of l . Give your answer in the form of y = mx + c .

Find the equation of l . Give your answer in the form of y = mx + c .

(c) The point Z is the intersection of l and l .

Find the coordinates of Z .

Find the value of x and y.

(b) The line l passes through A and B.

Find the equation of l . Give your answer in the form y = mx + c .

(b) Point C is such that B is the midpoint of

Find the coordinates of C.

(c) Point D is such that C is the midpoint of

Find the coordinates of D.

Write down the equation of l , giving your answer in the form y = mx + c .

(b) The line l passes through A and has a gradient of 5.

Write down the equation of l , giving your answer in the form y = mx + c .

(c) Point C is the intersection of l and l .