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    DSA - Unit1 - U-5

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    DSA - Unit1 - U-5

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    DSA - Unit1_U-5

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    DSA - Unit1 - U-5

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    sundarikarthick24
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    2 Dimensional Arrays

    • Example: Matrix Operations


    • Addition
    • Subtraction
    • Scaling
    • Determinant
    • Transpose
    • Multiplication

    41
    2 D Arrays – Example Program
    Matrix Addition
    #include <stdio.h> for(i=0;i<2;i++)
    #include <conio.h> for(j=0;j<3;j++)
    void main() c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
    { printf("\nTHE VALUES OF MATRIX C ARE:\n");
    int a[2][3],b[2][3],c[2][3],i,j; for(i=0;i<2;i++)
    clrscr(); {
    printf("\nENTER VALUES FOR MATRIX A:\n"); for(j=0;j<3;j++)
    for(i=0;i<2;i++) printf("%5d",c[i][j]);
    for(j=0;j<3;j++) printf("\n");
    scanf("%d",&a[i][j]); }
    printf("\nENTER VALUES FOR MATRIX B:\n"); getch();
    for(i=0;i<2;i++) }
    for(j=0;j<3;j++)
    scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);

    42
    2 D Arrays – Example Program
    Transpose of a matrix in C
    • To obtain Transpose of a matrix, we interchange rows and columns of
    the matrix.

    • For example, consider the following 3 X 2 matrix:


    12
    34
    56
    Transpose of the matrix:
    135
    246
    43
    2 D Arrays – Example Program
    Transpose of a matrix in C
    #include <stdio.h> printf("Transpose of the matrix:\n");
    int main()
    { for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
    int m, n, c, d, matrix[10][10], transpose[10][10]; for (d = 0; d < m; d++)
    printf("Enter the number of rows and columns of a printf("%d\t", transpose[c][d]);
    matrix\n"); printf("\n");
    scanf("%d%d", &m, &n); }
    return 0;
    }
    printf("Enter elements of the matrix\n");
    for (c = 0; c < m; c++){
    for (d = 0; d < n; d++){
    scanf("%d", &matrix[c][d]);}}

    for (c = 0; c < m; c++){


    for (d = 0; d < n; d++){
    transpose[d][c] = matrix[c][d];}}

    44
    2 D Arrays – Example Program
    Determinant of a matrix in C
    #include<stdio.h> determinant = a[0][0] * ((a[1][1]*a[2][2]) -
    (a[2][1]*a[1][2])) -a[0][1] * (a[1][0]
    int main(){
    * a[2][2] - a[2][0] * a[1][2]) + a[0][2] * (a[1][0] * a[2][1] -
    int a[3][3], i, j; a[2][0] * a[1][1]);
    long determinant; printf("\nDeterminant of 3X3 matrix: %ld",
    determinant);
    printf("Enter the 9 elements of matrix: );
    return 0;
    for(i = 0 ;i < 3;i++)
    }
    for(j = 0;j < 3;j++)
    scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);

    printf("\nThe matrix is\n");


    for(i = 0;i < 3; i++){
    printf("\n");
    for(j = 0;j < 3; j++)
    printf("%d\t", a[i][j]);
    }

    45
    2 D Arrays – Example Program
    Scalar Matrix Multiplication
    #include<stdio.h>
    for(row = 0; rows< i; row++)
    int main()
    for(col = 0; col < j; col++)
    {
    Multi[row][col] = Number *
    int i, j, row, col, Multi[10][10], Number; Multi[row][col];
    printf("\n Please Enter Number of rows and columns\n"); printf("\n The Result of a Scalar Matrix Multiplication
    scanf("%d %d", &i, &j); is : \n");
    printf("\n Please Enter the Matrix Elements \n"); for(row = 0; row < i; row++)
    for(row = 0; row < i; row++) for(col = 0; col < j; col++)
    for(col = 0;col < j; col++) printf("%d \t ", Multi[row][col]);
    scanf("%d", Multi[rows][columns]); printf("\n");
    printf("\n Please Enter the Multiplication value: "); return 0; }
    scanf("%d", &Number);

    46
    2 D Arrays – Example Program
    Matrix Multiplication

    47
    2 D Arrays – Example Program
    Matrix Multiplication
    #include<stdio.h>
    printf("multiply of the matrix=\n");
    #include<stdlib.h>
    for(i=0;i<r;i++) {
    int main(){
    for(j=0;j<c;j++) {
    int a[10][10],b[10][10],mul[10][10],r,c,i,j,k;
    mul[i][j]=0;
    printf("enter the number of row=");
    scanf("%d",&r); for(k=0;k<c;k++) {

    printf("enter the number of column="); mul[i][j]+=a[i][k]*b[k][j];


    scanf("%d",&c); }} }
    printf("enter the first matrix element=\n"); //for printing result
    for(i=0;i<r;i++) { for(i=0;i<r;i++) {
    for(j=0;j<c;j++) { for(j=0;j<c;j++) {
    scanf("%d",&a[i][j]); }} printf("%d\t",mul[i][j]);
    printf("enter the second matrix element=\n"); }
    for(i=0;i<r;i++) {
    for(j=0;j<c;j++) { printf("\n");
    scanf("%d",&b[i][j]); } } }
    return 0;

    48
    POINTER
    Definition and Features of Pointer

    ➢Definition:
    • Pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable.
    ➢Features
    • Pointer saves the memory space.
    • Execution time of pointer is faster because of direct access to the memory
    location.
    • With the help of pointers, the memory is accessed efficiently, i.e., memory
    is allocated and deallocated dynamically.
    • Pointers are used with data structures.

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