Integrated Circuit Temperature

Chapter 6
Integrated Circuit Temperature

Sensors
Integrated circuit temperature sensors are semiconductor devices fabricated in a

similar way to other semiconductor devices such as microcontrollers. There are
no generic types like the thermocouples or RTDs but some popular devices are
manufactured by more than one manufacturer.
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Integrated circuit temperature sensors differ from other sensors in some funda-
mental ways:
ž These sensors have relatively small physical sizes.
ž Their outputs are linear (e.g. 10 mV/◦ C).
ž The temperature range is limited (e.g. −40◦ C to +150◦ C).
ž The cost is relatively low.
ž These sensors can include advanced features such as thermostat functions,

built-in A/D converters and so on.
ž Often these sensors do not have good thermal contacts with the outside world
and as a result it is usually more difﬁcult to use them other than in measuring
the air temperature.
ž A power supply is required to operate these sensors.
Integrated circuit semiconductor temperature sensors can be divided into the

following categories:
A. Analog temperature sensors
B. Digital temperature sensors
Analog sensors are further divided into:
a. Voltage output temperature sensors
b. Current output temperature sensors

129

130 Microcontroller-based Temperature Monitoring and Control
Analog sensors can either be directly connected to measuring devices (such as

voltmeters), or A/D converters can be used to digitize the outputs so that they
can be used in computer based applications.
Digital temperature sensors usually provide I2 C bus, SPI bus, or some other
3-wire interface to the outside world.
6.1 Voltage output temperature sensors

These sensors provide a voltage output signal which is proportional to the tem-
perature measured. There are many types of voltage output sensors and Table 6.1
gives some popular sensors. LM35 is a 3-pin device and it has two versions and
they both provide a linear output voltage of 10 mV/◦ C. The temperature range
of the “CZ” version is −20◦ C to +120◦ C while the “DZ” version only covers
the range 0◦ C to +100◦ . The accuracy of LM35 is around ±1.5◦ .
Table 6.1 Popular voltage output temperature sensors
Sensor Manufacturer Output Maximum Temperature

error range
LM35 National 10 mV/◦ C ±1◦ C −20◦ C to +120◦ C

Semiconductors
LM34 National 10 mV/◦ F ±3◦ F −20◦ C to +120◦ C

Semiconductors
LM50 National 10 mV/◦ C ±3◦ −40◦ C to +125◦ C

Semiconductors 500 mV offset
LM60 National 6.25 mV/◦ C ±3◦ C −40◦ C to +125◦ C

Semiconductors 424 mV offset
S-8110 Seiko −8.5 mV/◦ C ±2.5◦ C −40◦ C to +100◦ C

Instruments
TMP37 Analog 20 mV/◦ C ±3◦ C +5◦ C to +100◦ C

Devices
LM34 is similar to LM35, but its output is calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit as

10 mV/◦ F.
LM50 can measure negative temperatures without any external components. The
LM50’s output voltage has a 10 mV/◦ C slope, and a 500 mV offset, i.e. the output
voltage VO is:
◦
VO = 10 mV/ C + 500 mV (6-1)

Integrated Circuit Temperature Sensors
131
Thus, the output voltage is 500 mV at 0◦ C, 100 mV at −40◦ , and 1.5 V at
+100◦ C.
LM60 gives a linear output of 6.25 mV/◦ C and it can operate with a supply volt-
age as low as 2.7 V. The temperature range of this sensor is −40◦ C to +125◦ C.
S-8110 has a negative temperature coefﬁcient and it gives −8.5 mV/◦ C. This
sensor can operate at very low currents (10 μA) and the temperature range is
−40◦ C to +100◦ C.
Analog Devices TMP37 is a high sensitivity sensor with a linear output voltage
of 20 mV/◦ C and an operating temperature range of +5◦ C to +100◦ C.
6.1.1 Applications of voltage output temperature sensors

The popular LM35DZ temperature sensor is taken as an example in this section.
As shown in Fig. 6.1, this is a 3-pin sensor. The maximum supply voltage is
+35 V, but the sensor is normally operated at +5 V. When operated at +5 V, the
supply current is around 80 μA. The typical accuracy is ±0.6◦ C at +25◦ C.
LM35DZ
+VS VO GND
Fig. 6.1 LM35DZ is a 3-pin sensor
Figure 6.2 shows how the LM35DZ can be used to measure the temperature. The
device is simply connected to a 4 V to 20 V power supply and the output voltage
is a direct indication of the temperature in 10 mV/◦ C. A simple voltmeter can be
connected and calibrated to measure the temperature directly. Alternatively, an
A/D converter can be used to digitize the output voltage so that the sensor can
be used in computer based applications.
Care should be taken when driving capacitive loads, such as long cables. To
remove the effect of such loads, the circuit shown in Fig. 6.3 should be used.

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Chapter 6

Integrated Circuit Temperature

Integrated circuit temperature sensors are semiconductor devices fabricated in a

ž These sensors have relatively small physical sizes.

ž Their outputs are linear (e.g. 10 mV/◦ C).

ž The temperature range is limited (e.g. −40◦ C to +150◦ C).

ž The cost is relatively low.

ž These sensors can include advanced features such as thermostat functions,

ž A power supply is required to operate these sensors.

Integrated circuit semiconductor temperature sensors can be divided into the

A. Analog temperature sensors

B. Digital temperature sensors

Analog sensors are further divided into:

a. Voltage output temperature sensors

b. Current output temperature sensors

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Analog sensors can either be directly connected to measuring devices (such as

6.1 Voltage output temperature sensors

Table 6.1 Popular voltage output temperature sensors

Sensor Manufacturer Output Maximum Temperature

LM35 National 10 mV/◦ C ±1◦ C −20◦ C to +120◦ C

LM34 National 10 mV/◦ F ±3◦ F −20◦ C to +120◦ C

LM50 National 10 mV/◦ C ±3◦ −40◦ C to +125◦ C

LM60 National 6.25 mV/◦ C ±3◦ C −40◦ C to +125◦ C

S-8110 Seiko −8.5 mV/◦ C ±2.5◦ C −40◦ C to +100◦ C

TMP37 Analog 20 mV/◦ C ±3◦ C +5◦ C to +100◦ C

LM34 is similar to LM35, but its output is calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit as

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6.1.1 Applications of voltage output temperature sensors

Fig. 6.1 LM35DZ is a 3-pin sensor

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All requests should by sent in the first instance to

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