Acid and Base Grade-7

PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH SCHOOL
GRADE-7 ACIDS , BASES AND SALTS
TEACHER-FIRDAUS
Learning Objectives
1. To study the concept of acids, bases and salts

2. To study different indicators and their colour changes on different
substances
3. To understand neutralization reaction and formation of salts
4. To study neutralization by taking some examples from everyday life.
5. To study uses of acids, bases and salts.
Q1: State differences between acids and bases.
Answer:
SNo. Properties Acids Bases

1. Taste Sour Bitter
2. Litmus Test Turn blue litmus into red. Turn red litmus into blue
3. Dissolved in water Give H+ ions Give OH- ions
Action with
4. Give Hydrogen Gas Generally do not react.
metals
5. CHINA ROSE MAGENTA GREEN
Action with
6. Do not give any colour. Give pink colour
phenolphthalein
Action with methyl
7. Give red colour. Give yellow colour.
orange
Vinegar, Curd, Citrus
fruits, HCl, hydrochloric Lime Water Ca (OH)2,
7. Naturally Found acid, Soap, Milk of Magnesia
H 2SO 4 sulphuric acid Mg (OH)2etc.
etc.
Q2: Ammonia is found in many household products, such as window
cleaners. It turns red litmus blue. What is its nature?
Answer: Since it turns red litmus blue, Ammonia is basic in nature.
Q3: Name the source from which litmus solution is obtained. What is the
use of this solution?
Answer: Litmus is extracted from plant lichens. It has a mauve (purple) colour
when dissolved in distilled
water. Litmus solution is used to detect acidic or basic nature of any
substance. When added to an acidic solution, it turns red and when added to a
basic solution, it turns blue.
Q4: Is the distilled water acidic/basic/neutral? How would you verify it?
Answer: Distilled water is neutral by nature. We can verify by performing
litmus paper test. It neither turns blue litmus into red. Nor it turns red litmus
into blue.
Q5. Describe the process of neutralisation with the help of an example.
Answer: The reaction between an acid and a base is known as neutralisation.

Salt and water are produced in this process with the evolution of heat.
Acid + Base ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶➝ Salt + Water

(Heat is evolved)
Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶➝ Sodium chloride + Water
HCl + NaOH ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶➝ NaCl + H2O
Neutralization in Everyday Life

1. Indigestion
 We know that our stomach produces hydrochloric acid which helps in the
digestion of food.
 But sometimes the stomach releases too much of acid which leads
to indigestion or sometimes hyperacidity.
 Hence, we need to neutralize this acid by taking substances that are basic in
nature commonly known as antacids.
 For Example, milk of magnesia is a basic substance that can neutralize the
acid of the stomach.
2. Ant Bite
 The irritation of the skin due to ant bite is caused because of the presence of
formic acid that the ant injects into the skin while biting.
 Hence we use a basic substance to neutralize the effect.
 For Example, baking soda or hydrogen carbonate, calamine solution or zinc
carbonate are generally used to treat ant bites
3. Soil Treatment
 Plants need a soil which is neutral in nature but using chemical fertilizers
on soil can turn it into acidic.
 To treat acidic soil we use quicklime (calcium oxide) or slaked lime (calcium
hydroxide).
 Basic soil can be treated by adding organic substances to it as they release
acids while decomposing into the soil.
4. Factory Wastes
The factory waste is acidic in nature and cannot be directly dumped anywhere.
Hence bases are added to it before it falls off into a river or stream so that the
aquatic life does not get affected.
Q7: What are indicators? Why do we use it? Give examples.
Answer: Indicators
 We cannot taste every object and find its nature. Therefore, we use
indicators.
 An indicator is a substance that can determine if another substance is acidic
or basic in nature.
 The indicators indicate the presence of an acid or base in a substance by
changing their colour. For Example Turmeric, China rose petals and Litmus
are some natural indicators. Natural indicators the indicators that occur in
nature.
Litmus
 Litmus is a natural indicator which is obtained from Lichens.
LAB ACTIVITY
INDICATOR ACID BASE
Blue Litmus Paper Red Blue
Red Litmus Paper Red Blue
Methyl Orange Red Yellow
Phenolphthalein Colorless Pink
China Rose Magenta Green
Turmeric Yellow Red
Litmus Solution Red Blue
Q8: What are organic acids?

Answer: The acids which are found in plants and animals are commonly called
organic acids. Examples, vinegar contains acetic acid, lemon contains citric
acid.
Acid Rain
 When the rainwater has increased amounts of acids in it, it is called Acid
Rain.
 The acid rain is formed because of the presence of air pollutants such as
Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon dioxide and Sulphur dioxide in the air.
 These pollutants mix with the rainwater and form acids such as Nitric acid,
Sulphuric acid and Carbonic acid respectively.
 The acid rain in severely affect the vegetation, animal life and even buildings
of the region where it falls.
pH scale
 The measure of acidity or basic nature of a substance can be determined by
its pH value.
 The pH value range from 1 to 14 with 1 being the most acidic substance and
14 being the most basic substance while 7 is a neutral substance.
 The pH value is generally determined by using pH strips or solutions
Q14: Identify the organic acid present in the following:
Answer:
(a) Citrus fruits like lemons, oranges - Citric Acid
(b) Stings of bees and ants - Formic acid
(c) Curd - Lactic Acid
(d) Rancid butter - Butyric acid
(e) Tamarind - Tartaric acid
(f) Apples - Mallic Acid
(g) Tomato - Oxalic Acid
(h) Fats - Stearic acid
(i) Bile juice - Cholic acid
(j) Genetic Material in biological cell - Nucleic Acid (DNA and RNA)
(k) Vinegar - Acetic acid
(l) Urine - Uric Acid

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PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH SCHOOL

GRADE-7 ACIDS , BASES AND SALTS

1. To study the concept of acids, bases and salts

Q1: State differences between acids and bases.

SNo. Properties Acids Bases

Answer: Since it turns red litmus blue, Ammonia is basic in nature.

Q5. Describe the process of neutralisation with the help of an example.

Answer: The reaction between an acid and a base is known as neutralisation.

Acid + Base ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶➝ Salt + Water

Neutralization in Everyday Life

Q7: What are indicators? Why do we use it? Give examples.

Q8: What are organic acids?

Q14: Identify the organic acid present in the following:

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