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    Chapter Notes - Acid Bases and Salt

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    rachna sharma
    Acids and bases are substances that have different properties. Acids are sour and turn indicators like litmus and turmeric paper yellow, while bases are bitter and slippery and turn indicators reddish-brown or blue. Natural indicators found in plants, like litmus, turmeric, and china rose, change color in acidic or basic solutions depending on their properties. Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and base that forms salt and water, and can be identified using pH indicators that change color.

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    Chapter Notes - Acid Bases and Salt

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    rachna sharma
    132 views5 pages
    Acids and bases are substances that have different properties. Acids are sour and turn indicators like litmus and turmeric paper yellow, while bases are bitter and slippery and turn indicators reddish-brown or blue. Natural indicators found in plants, like litmus, turmeric, and china rose, change color in acidic or basic solutions depending on their properties. Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and base that forms salt and water, and can be identified using pH indicators that change color.

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    Chapter Notes- Acid Bases and Salt

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    Acids and bases are substances that have different properties. Acids are sour and turn indicators like litmus and turmeric paper yellow, while bases are bitter and slippery and turn indicators reddish-brown or blue. Natural indicators found in plants, like litmus, turmeric, and china rose, change color in acidic or basic solutions depending on their properties. Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and base that forms salt and water, and can be identified using pH indicators that change color.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    132 views5 pages

    Chapter Notes - Acid Bases and Salt

    Uploaded by

    rachna sharma
    Acids and bases are substances that have different properties. Acids are sour and turn indicators like litmus and turmeric paper yellow, while bases are bitter and slippery and turn indicators reddish-brown or blue. Natural indicators found in plants, like litmus, turmeric, and china rose, change color in acidic or basic solutions depending on their properties. Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and base that forms salt and water, and can be identified using pH indicators that change color.

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    Chapter Notes: Acids, Bases & Salts

    Acids and Bases


    Many substances that you encounter in your daily life have different
    properties. Substances have either acidic, basic or neutral properties.
    Acids: Acids are sour to the taste and include substances like curd, vinegar,
    lemon, orange juice, etc. These contain natural acids. These substances are
    acidic in nature.
    Bases: Bases are bitter to the taste and slippery to the touch and include
    substances like baking soda milk of magnesia, etc.
    Indicators:  There are special substances that are used to test whether
    something is acidic or basic. These substances are called indicators. Indicators
    change their colour when added to an acidic or basic solution. Some natural
    indicators are litmus, turmeric and china rose petals.

    Indicators

    Natural Indicators Around Us


    Litmus: A Natural Dye
    Litmus is a common natural indicator extracted from lichens.
    Litmus has a purple colour in a neutral medium, red colour in an acidic medium,
    and blue in a basic medium.
    When a drop of freshly prepared lemon juice is put on red litmus, it remains
    red, indicating the acidic nature of lemon juice.
    If blue litmus is used instead, then it turns red, again indicating the acidic
    nature of lemon juice.
    A solution of litmus turns red if it is acidic, and blue if it is basic.
    Effect on litmus
    S. No Name of acid /base paper Effect on turmeric paper

    1 Hydrochloric acid Blue litmus turns red Remains yellow

    2 Sulphuric acid Blue litmus turns red Remains yellow

    3 Sodium hydroxide Red litmus turns blue Turns reddish brown

    4 Potassium hydroxide Red litmus turns blue Turns reddish brown

    Turmeric is Another Natural Indicator


    Turmeric changes colour to indicate acidic and basic substances.
    Turmeric paper changes colour in a basic medium.
    In an acidic medium, it remains yellow, while in a basic medium, it turns
    reddish-brown.
    When a drop of soap solution is put on turmeric paper, it turns red. This
    indicates the basic nature of soap solution.

    S. No Test solution Effect on turmeric paper

    1 Lemon juice Yellow

    2 Orange juice Yellow

    3 Lime water Reddish-brown

    4 Milk of magnesia Reddish-brown

    China Rose as Indicator


    China rose  is also a natural indicator extracted from China rose petals. A
    solution of china rose turns green in a basic solution and bright pink or
    magenta in an acidic solution.

    Effect on China
    S.No. Name of the acid rose

    1 Hydrochloric acid Dark red

    2 Sulphuric acid Dark red

    3 Sodium hydroxide Green

    Potassium
    4 hydroxide Green

    Acid rain is rain that contains a lot of acid. This acid is created when
    pollutants in the air, such as carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
    dioxide, dissolve in rainwater, and form acids like carbonic acid, sulphuric
    acid and nitric acid
    This rain causes a lot of damage to buildings, plants and animals. This is one
    important reason why we must avoid polluting our atmosphere.

    Neutralisation
    Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and
    water. During neutralisation, salt and water are formed, along with the release
    of some heat.
    Eg: HCl + NaOH------------>NaCl + H 2O + Heat
    Eg: H2SO4 + 2NaOH--------------->Na 2SO4 + 2H2O + Heat

    The neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base can be identified by an


    indicator. 
    For example, for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium
    hydroxide, phenolphthalein is added as an indicator. Phenolphthalein is pink in
    sodium hydroxide. When hydrochloric acid is added to it, the colour slowly
    fades to pale pink and then colourless. This change in colour indicates
    neutralisation.
    Neutralisation in Everyday Life
    Indigestion
    The stomach contains hydrochloric acid, which helps in the digestion of food.
    However, when this acid is produced in excess, it causes indigestion, which is
    painful. An antacid such as milk of magnesia neutralises the excessive acid in
    the stomach and provides relief from the pain due to indigestion.
    Ant Bite
    Ant bite contains formic acid. When an ant bites, it injects this formic acid into
    the skin. This causes pain. It can be neutralised by rubbing the ant bite with
    moist baking soda, which contains sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3), or
    with a solution of calamine, which contains zinc carbonate (ZnCO 3).
    Soil Treatment
    Excessive use of fertilisers makes the soil acidic. As a result, plants cannot
    grow properly, and the yield decreases. Adding a base like quick lime, (calcium
    oxide) or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) neutralises the soil and makes it
    suitable for plants.
    Similarly, when soil is basic in nature, organic matter is added to release acid
    and make it neutral, and thus, suitable for plants.
    Factory Waste
    Factory waste contains acids. This waste must be treated with bases for
    neutralisation before it is released into a water source. Otherwise, it can
    cause damage to living organisms in the water source.
    Important Points
     Acid is sour in taste.
     Acid turns blue litmus paper to red.
     Acid turns China rose solution to dark pink.
     Base is bitter in taste.
     Base turns red litmus paper to blue.
     Base turns turmeric paper or solution to red.
     Base turns China rose solution green.
     Indicator is a special substance which shows the acidic or basic
    character of a substance by a change in colour.
     Litmus, turmeric and the solution of China rose are natural
    indicators.
     Litmus is obtained from lichens.
     Solutions of acid and base neutralize each other when mixed in
    proper ratio. This is called neutralization or neutralization
    reaction.
     A neutralization reaction is a reaction between the solutions of
    acid and base, in which a new substance called salt is formed.
     Salt formed because of neutralization reaction may be acidic or
    basic in nature. The acidic or basic nature of salt depends upon
    the strength of acid and base used for neutralization reaction.

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