91 0 Thermodynamics

TABlE A-1
Molar mass, as constant, and critical- oint ro erties
Critical-point properties
Gas
Molar mass, constant, Temperature, Pressure, Volume,
Substance Formula M kg/kmol R kJ/kg · K* K MPa m3/kmol
Air 28.97 0.2870 132.5 3.77 0.0883
Ammonia NH 3 17.03 0.4882 405.5 11.28 0.0724
Argon Ar 39.948 0.208 1 151 4 .86 0.0749
Benzene C6H6 78.115 0.1064 562 4.92 0.2603
Bromine Br2 159.808 0.0520 584 10.34 0.1355
n-Butane C4HJO 58.124 0.1430 425.2 3.80 0.2547
Carbon dioxide C0 2 44.01 0.1889 304.2 7.39 0.0943
Carbon monoxide co 28.011 0 .2968 133 3.50 0.0930
Carbon tetrach Iori de CCI 4 153.82 0.05405 556.4 4.56 0.2759
Ch lorine Cl 2 70.906 0.1173 417 7 .71 0.1242
Chloroform CHCI 3 119.38 0.06964 536 .6 5.47 0.2403
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) CCI 2F2 120.91 0.06876 384.7 4.01 0.2179
Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21) CHCI 2F 102.92 0.08078 451.7 5.17 0.1973
Ethane C2H6 30.070 0 .2765 305.5 4.48 0.1480
Ethyl alcohol C2H5 0H 46.07 0.1805 516 6.38 0.1673
Ethylene C2H4 28.054 0.2964 282.4 5.12 0.1242
Helium He 4.003 2.0769 5.3 0.23 0.0578
n-Hexane C5H14 86.179 0.09647 507.9 3.03 0.3677
Hydrogen (normal) H2 2.016 4. 1240 33.3 1.30 0.0649
Krypton Kr 83.80 0.09921 209.4 5.50 0.0924
Methane CH 4 16.043 0.5182 191.1 4.64 0.0993
Methyl alcohol CH 30H 32.042 0.2595 513.2 7.95 0.1180
Methyl ch Iori de CH 3CI 50.488 0.1647 416.3 6.68 0.1430
Neon Ne 20.183 0.4119 44.5 2.73 0.0417
Nitrogen N2 28.013 0.2968 126.2 3.39 0.0899
Nitrous oxide N20 44.013 0.1889 309.7 7 .27 0 .0961
Oxygen 02 31.999 0.2598 154.8 5.08 0 .0780
Propane C3Hs 44.097 0.1885 370 4.26 0.1998
Propylene C3H6 42.081 0.1976 365 4.62 0.1810
Sulfur dioxide so2 64.063 0.1298 430.7 7.88 0.1217
Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) CF3CH 2F 102.03 0.08149 374.2 4.059 0.1993
Trichlorofluoromethane (R-11) CCI 3F 137.37 0 .06052 471.2 4.38 0.2478
Water H20 18.015 0.4615 647 .1 22.06 0.0560
Xenon Xe 131.30 0.06332 289.8 5.88 0.1186

*The unit kJ/ kg . K is equivalent to kPa · m 3/ kg · K. The gas constant is calculated from R = Ru/M, where Ru = 8.31447 kJ/kmol . K and M is the molar
mass.
Source: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn , Jr. , Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117-236; and ASH RAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta , GA: American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36.1.
 Appendix 1 911

TABLE A-2
Ideal-gas s ~ ecifi c heats of various common gases
(a) At 300 K
Gas constant, R cP Cv
Gas Formula kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K k
Air 0.2870 1.005 0.718 1.400
Argon Ar 0.2081 0.5203 0.3122 1.667
Butane C4H 10 0.1433 1.7164 1.5734 1.091
Carbon dioxide C0 2 0.1889 0.846 0.657 1.289
Carbon monoxide co 0.2968 1.040 0.744 1.400
Ethane CzH6 0.2765 1. 7662 1.4897 1.186
Ethylene CzH4 0.2964 1.5482 1.2518 1.237
Helium He 2.0769 5.1926 3.1156 1.667
Hydrogen Hz 4.1240 14.307 10.183 1.405
Methane CH 4 0.5182 2.2537 1.7354 1.299
Neon Ne 0.4119 1.0299 0.6179 1.667
Nitrogen Nz 0.2968 1.039 0 .743 1.400
Octane CaH!a 0.0729 1.7113 1.6385 1.044
Oxygen Oz 0 .2598 0 .918 0.658 1.395
Propane C3Ha 0.1885 1.6794 1.4909 1.126
Steam H2 0 0.4615 1.8723 1.4108 1.327
Note: The un it kJ /kg . K is equiva lent to kJ/ kg . oc.
Source: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3/E by Kyle, B. G., © 2000. Ada pted by permi ssion of Pearso n Education, In c., Upper Sad dle River, NJ.
912 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-2
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued)
(b) At various temperatures

cP Cv cP cv cP Cv
kJ/kg . K kJ/kg · K k kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K k kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K k
Temperature,
K Air Carbon dioxide, C02 Carbon monoxide, CO
250 1.003 0.716 1.401 0.791 0.602 1.314 1.039 0.743 1.400
300 1.005 0.718 1.400 0 .846 0.657 1.288 1.040 0.744 1.399
350 1.008 0.721 1.398 0 .895 0.706 1.268 1.043 0.746 1.398
400 1.013 0.726 1.395 0 .939 0.750 1.252 1.047 0.751 1.395
450 1.020 0.733 1.391 0.978 0.790 1.239 1.054 0.757 1.392
500 1.029 0.742 1.387 1.014 0.825 1.229 1.063 0.767 1.387
550 1.040 0.753 1.381 1.046 0.857 1.220 1.075 0.778 1.382
600 1.051 0 .764 1.376 1.075 0 .886 1.213 1.087 0.790 1.376
650 1.063 0.776 1.370 1.102 0.913 1.207 1.100 0.803 1.370
700 1.075 0 .788 1.364 1.126 0.937 1.202 1.113 0.816 1.364
750 1.087 0.800 1.359 1.148 0.959 1.197 1.126 0.829 1.358
800 1.099 0 .812 1.354 1.169 0.980 1.193 1.139 0.842 1.353
900 1.1 21 0.834 1.344 1.204 1.015 1. 186 1.163 0.866 1.343
1000 1.142 0.855 1.336 1.234 1.045 1.181 1.185 0.888 1.335
Hydrogen, H2 Nitrogen, N2 Oxygen, 0 2
250 14.051 9.927 1.416 1.039 0.742 1.400 0.913 0.653 1.398
300 14.307 10.183 1.405 1.039 0.743 1.400 0.918 0.658 1.395
350 14.427 10.302 1.400 1.041 0.744 1.399 0.928 0.668 1.389
400 14.476 10.352 1.398 1.044 0.747 1.397 0.941 0.681 1.382
450 14.501 10.377 1.398 1.049 0.752 1.395 0.956 0.696 1.373
500 14.5 13 10.389 1.397 1.056 0.759 1.391 0.972 0.712 1.365
550 14.530 10.405 1.396 1.065 0.768 1.387 0.988 0.728 1.358
600 14.546 10.422 1.396 1.075 0 .778 1.382 1.003 0.743 1.350
650 14.571 10.447 1.395 1.086 0.789 1.376 1.017 0.758 1.343
700 14.604 10.480 1.394 1.098 0.801 1.371 1.031 0.77 1 1.337
750 14.645 10.52 1 1.392 1.110 0 .813 1.365 1.043 0.783 1.332
800 14.695 10.570 1.390 1.121 0.825 1.360 1.054 0.794 1.327
900 14.822 10.698 1.385 1.145 0.849 1.349 1.074 0.814 1.319
1000 14.983 10.859 1.380 1.167 0.870 1.341 1.090 0.830 1.313

Source:. Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), p. 783, Table A- 4M. Originally published in Tables of Thermal
Properties of Gases, NBS Circu lar 564, 1955.
 Appendix 1 913

TABLE A-2
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded)
(c) As a function of temperature

cp= a+b T + cT2+dT3

(T in K, c in kJ/kmol · K)

%error
Temperature
Substance Formula a b c d range, K Max. Avg.
Nitrogen N2 28.90 - 0.1571 x w-2 o .8081 x w -5 - 2.873 X 10- 9 273- 1800 0.59 0.34
Oxygen 02 25.48 1.520 x w-2 - 0 .7155 x w-5 1.312 X 10- 9 273- 1800 1.19 0.28
Air 28.11 0.1967 x w-2 0.4802 X 10 5 - 1.966 X 10- 9 273- 1800 0.72 0.33
Hydrogen H2 29 .11 - 0.1916 x w-2 0.4003 x w - 5 - 0.8704 x w - 9 273- 1800 1.01 0.26
Carbon
monoxide co 28.1 6 0.1675 X 10 2 0.5372 X 10 5 -2. 222 X 10 9 273- 1800 0.89 0.37
Carbon
dioxide C0 2 22. 26 5.981 X 10 2 - 3 .501 X 10 5 7.469 X 10 9 273- 1800 0.67 0 .22
Water vapor H20 32 .24 o.1923 x 10-2 1.055 X 10 5 - 3.595 X 10- 9 273- 1800 0 .53 0.24
Nitric oxide NO 29.34 - 0.09395 X 10 2 0 .9747 X 10 5 - 4.187 X 10- 9 273- 1500 0.97 0.36
Nitrous oxide N20 24.11 5.8632 x w -2 - 3.562 x w-5 10.58 X 10- 9 273- 1500 0.59 0.26
Nitrogen
dioxide N02 22.9 5.715 X 10- 2 - 3.52 x w-5 7.87 x w -9 273- 1500 0.46 0.18
Ammonia NH 3 27.568 2.5630 x w-2 0.99072 x w-5 - 6.6909 x w -9 273- 1500 0.91 0.36
Su lfur s2 27 .21 2.218 x w-2 - 1.628 x w-5 3.986 x w -9 273- 1800 0 .99 0.38
Su lfur
dioxide so 2 25.78 5.795 x w -2 - 3.812 x w- 5 8 .612 x w -9 273- 1800 0.45 0.24
Su lfur
trioxide so 3 16.40 14.58 x w-2 - 11.20 X 10- 5 32.42 x w -9 273- 1300 0.29 0.13
Acetylene C2H2 21.8 9.2143 x w-2 - 6.527 X 10- 5 18.21 X 10- 9 273- 1500 1.46 0.59
Benzene C6H6 - 36 .22 48.475 x w -2 - 31.57 x w- 5 77 .62 X 10- 9 273- 1500 0.34 0.20
Methanol CH 40 19.0 9.152 x w-2 - 1.22 x w- 5 - 8 .039 X 10- 9 273- 1000 0.18 0.08
Ethanol C2H60 19.9 20.96 x w-2 - 10.38 x w -5 20.05 X 10- 9 273- 1500 0 .40 0.22
Hydrogen
chloride HCI 30 .33 - 0.7620 x w-2 1.327 x w-5 - 4.338 X 10- 9 273- 1500 0 .22 0.08
Methane CH 4 19.89 5.024 x w-2 1.269 x w- 5 - 11.01 X 10- 9 273- 1500 1.33 0.57
Ethane C2H6 6.900 17.27 x w -2 - 6.406 x w- 5 7.285 X 10- 9 273- 1500 0.83 0 .28
Propane C3H s - 4.04 30.48 X 10- 2 -15 .72 x w -5 31.74 X 10- 9 273- 1500 0.40 0 .12
n-Butane C4HIO 3.96 37.15 x w-2 - 18.34 X 10- 5 35.00 X 10- 9 273- 1500 0.54 0.24
i-Butane C4H IO - 7.913 41.60 x w -2 -23.01 x w-5 49.91 X 10- 9 273- 1500 0.25 0.13
n-Pentane C5H12 6.774 45.43 x w -2 - 22 .46 x w-5 42. 29 X 10 9 273- 1500 0.56 0.21
n-Hexane C6Hl4 6.938 55 .22 x w-2 - 28.65 x w-5 57.69 X 10 9 273- 1500 0.72 0.20
Ethylene C2H4 3.95 15.64 x w -2 - 8.344 x w-5 17.67 X 10 9 273- 1500 0.54 0.13
Propylene C3H6 3.1 5 23.83 x w- 2 - 12.18 x w-5 24.62 X 10 9 273- 1500 0 .73 0.17

Source: B. G. Kyle , Chemical and Process Thermodynamics (Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall, 1984). Used with permi ssion.
914 Thermodynamics

TABLEA-3
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods
(a) Liquids
Boiling data at 1 atm Freezing data Liquid properties
Normal Latent heat of Latent heat Specific
boiling vaporization Freezing of fusion Temperature, Density heat
Substance point, oc hfg• kJ/kg point, oc hit, kJ/kg oc p, kg/m 3 cP, kJ/kg · K
Ammonia - 33.3 1357 -77.7 322.4 - 33.3 682 4.43
- 20 665 4.52
0 639 4.60
25 602 4.80
Argon - 185.9 161.6 - 189.3 28 - 185.6 1394 1.14
Benzene 80.2 394 5.5 126 20 879 1.72
Brine (20% sodium
chloride by mass) 103.9 - 17.4 20 1150 3 .11
n-Butane - 0.5 385.2 - 138.5 80.3 - 0.5 601 2.31
Carbon dioxide - 78.4* 230.5 (at 0°C) - 56.6 0 298 0.59
Ethanol 78.2 838.3 - 114.2 109 25 783 2.46
Ethyl alcohol 78.6 855 - 156 108 20 789 2.84
Ethylene glycol 198.1 800.1 - 10.8 181.1 20 1109 2.84
Glycerine 179.9 974 18.9 200.6 20 1261 2.32
Helium - 268.9 22.8 - 268.9 146.2 22.8
Hydrogen -252.8 445.7 - 259.2 59.5 - 252.8 70.7 10.0
lsobutane - 11.7 367.1 -160 105.7 - 11.7 593.8 2.28
Kerosene 204- 293 251 -24.9 20 820 2.00
Mercury 356.7 294.7 - 38.9 11.4 25 13,560 0.139
Methane - 161.5 510.4 - 182.2 58.4 - 161.5 423 3.49
- 100 301 5.79
Methanol 64.5 1100 - 97 .7 99.2 25 787 2.55
Nitrogen - 195.8 198.6 - 210 25.3 - 195.8 809 2.06
- 160 596 2.97
Octane 124.8 306.3 - 57 .5 180.7 20 703 2.10
Oil (light) 25 910 1.80
Oxygen - 183 212.7 - 218.8 13.7 - 183 1141 1.71
Petroleum 230- 384 20 640 2.0
Propane -42.1 427.8 - 187.7 80.0 - 42.1 581 2.25
0 529 2.53
50 449 3.13
Refrigerant- 134a - 26.1 217.0 - 96.6 - 50 1443 1.23
- 26.1 1374 1.27
0 1295 1.34
25 1207 1.43
Water 100 2257 0.0 333.7 0 1000 4.22
25 997 4.18
50 988 4.18
75 975 4.19
100 958 4.22

* Sublimat ion temperature. (At pressures below the triple-point pressure of 518 kPa, carbon d ioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-point temperature
of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperature of - 56.5°C.)
 Appendix 1 915
TABLE A-3
Pro r2erties of common li<gu ids, solids, and foods (Concluded)
(b) Solids (va lues are fo 1r room temperature unless indicated otherwise)

Den si ty, Specific heat, Density, Specific heat,

Substance p kg/m 3 cp kJ/kg · K Substance p kg/m 3 cP kJ/kg · K
Metals Nonmetals
Aluminum Asphalt 2110 0.920
200 K 0.797 Brick, common 1922 0.79
250 K 0.859 Brick , fireclay (500°C) 2300 0.960
300 K 2,700 0.902 Concrete 2300 0.653
350 K 0.929 Clay 1000 0.920
400 K 0.949 Diamond 2420 0.616
450 K 0.973 Glass, window 2700 0.800
500 K 0.997 Glass, pyrex 2230 0.840
Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 8,280 0.400 Graphite 2500 0.711
2% AI) Granite 2700 1.017
Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 8,310 0.400 Gypsum or plaster board 800 1.09
35% Zn) Ice
Copper 200 K 1.56
- 173°C 0.254 220 K 1.71
- lOooc 0.342 240 K 1.86
- 5ooc 0.367 260 K 2.01
o oc 0.381 273 K 921 2.11
27°C 8,900 0.386 Limestone 1650 0.909
10ooc 0.393 Marble 2600 0.880
2oooc 0.403 Plywood (Douglas Fir) 545 1.21
Iron 7,840 0.45 Rubber (soft) 1100 1.840
Lead 11,310 0.128 Rubber (hard) 1150 2.009
Magnesi um 1,730 1.000 Sand 1520 0.800
Nickel 8,890 0.440 Stone 1500 0.800
Silver 10,470 0.235 Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.) 721 1.26
Steel, mild 7,830 0.500 Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc .) 513 1.38
Tungsten 19,400 0.130

{c) Foods

Specific heat, Specific heat,

kJ/kg · K Latent kJ/kg . K Latent
Water heat of Water heat of
content Freezi ng Above Below fusion , content, Freezing Above Below fusion ,
Food % (mas;) point, oc freezing freezing kJ ikg Food %( mass) point, oc freezing freezing kJ/kg
Apple s 84 - 1.1 3.65 1.90 281 Lettuce 95 - 0.2 4.02 2.04 317
Bananas 75 - 0.8 3.35 1.78 251 Milk, whole 88 - 0.6 3.79 1.95 294
Beef round 67 3.08 1.68 224 Oranges 87 - 0.8 3.75 1.94 291
Brocco I i 90 - 0.6 3.86 1.97 301 Potatoes 78 - 0.6 3.45 1.82 261
Butter 16 1.04 53 Salmon fish 64 - 2.2 2.98 1.65 214
Cheese, swiss 39 - 10.0 2 .15 1.33 130 Shrimp 83 - 2.2 3.62 1.89 277
Cherries 80 - 1.8 3.52 1.85 267 Spinach 93 - 0.3 3 .96 2.01 311
Chicken 74 - 2.8 3.32 1.77 247 Strawberries 90 - 0.8 3.86 1.97 301
Corn, sweet 74 - 0.6 3.32 1.77 247 Tomatoes, ripe 94 - 0.5 3.99 2.02 314
Eggs, w hole 74 - 0.6 3.32 1.77 247 Turkey 64 2.98 1.65 214
Ice cream 63 - 5.6 2 .95 1.63 210 Waterme lon 93 - 0.4 3.96 2.01 311

Source: Values are obtaine from various handbooks and other sources or are ca lcu lated . Water conte nt and freezing-point data of foods are from ASHRAE,
Handbook of Fundamental, Sl version (Atlanta, GA: America n Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Cond itioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), Chapter 30,
916 Thermodynamics

, TABLE A-4
Saturated water- Temperature t able

Specific vo lume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,

m 3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat . Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp ., press., liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, l iquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
roc P sat kPa v, Vg u, Urg Ug h, hrg hg s, Srg Sg
O.Ql 0.6117 0.001000 206.00 0.000 2374.9 2374.9 0 .001 2500.9 2500.9 0.0000 9.1556 9. 1556
5 0.8725 0.001000 147.03 21.019 2360.8 2381.8 21.020 2489.1 25 10.1 0.0763 8.9487 9.0249
10 1.2281 0.001000 106.32 42.020 2346.6 2388.7 42.022 2477.2 25 19.2 0.1511 8.7488 8.8999
15 1.7057 0.001001 77 .885 62.980 2332.5 2395.5 62.982 2465.4 2528.3 0.2245 8.5559 8.7803
20 2.3392 0.001002 57.762 83.913 2318.4 2402.3 83.915 2453.5 2537.4 0.2965 8.3696 8.6661
25 3.1698 0.001003 43.340 104.83 2304.3 2409.1 104.83 2441.7 2546.5 0.3672 8.1895 8.5567
30 4.2469 0.001004 32.879 125.73 2290.2 2415.9 125.74 2429.8 2555.6 0.4368 8.0152 8.4520
35 5.6291 0.001006 25 .205 146.63 2276.0 2422.7 146.64 2417.9 2564.6 0.5051 7.8466 8.3517
40 7.3851 0.001008 19.515 167.53 226 1.9 2429.4 167.53 2406.0 2573.5 0.5724 7.6832 8.2556
45 9.5953 0.001010 15.251 188.43 2247 .7 2436. 1 188.44 2394.0 2582.4 0.6386 7.5247 8.1633
50 12.352 0.00101 2 12.026 209.33 2233.4 2442.7 209.34 2382.0 2591.3 0.7038 7.3710 8.0748
55 15.763 0 .001015 9.5639 230.24 22 19.1 2449.3 230.26 2369.8 2600.1 0.7680 7.2218 7.9898
60 19.947 0.001017 7 .6670 251.16 2204.7 24!)5.9 251.18 2357.7 2608.8 0.8313 7 0769 7.9082
65 25.043 0.001020 6.1935 272.09 2190.3 2462 .4 272.12 2345.4 2617.5 0.8937 6.9360 7.8296
70 31.202 0.001023 5.0396 293.04 2175.8 2468 .9 293.07 2333.0 2626.1 0.9551 6.7989 7.7540
75 38.597 0.001026 4 .1291 313.99 2161.3 2475.3 314.03 2320.6 2634.6 1.01 58 6.6655 7.6812
80 47.416 0.001029 3.4053 334.97 2146.6 2481.6 335.02 2308.0 2643.0 1.0756 6.5355 7.6111
85 57.868 0.001032 2.826 1 355.96 2131.9 2487 .8 356.02 2295.3 265 1.4 1.1346 6.4089 7.5435
90 70. 183 0.001036 2 .3593 376.97 2117 .0 2494 .0 377.04 2282.5 2659.6 1.1929 6.2853 7.4782
95 84.609 0.001040 1.9808 39800 2102.0 2500. 1 398.09 2269.6 2667.6 1.2504 6.1647 7.4151
100 101.42 0.001043 1.6720 419.06 2087.0 2506.0 419.17 2256.4 2675.6 1.3072 6.0470 7.3542
105 120.90 0.001047 1.4186 440.15 2071 .8 2511.9 440.28 2243.1 2683.4 1.3634 5.9319 7.2952
110 143.38 0.001052 1 .2094 461.27 2056.4 2517.7 461.42 2229.7 2691.1 1.4188 5.8193 7.2382
115 169.18 0.001056 1 .0360 482.42 2040.9 2523.3 482.59 2216.0 2698.6 1.4737 5.7092 7.1829
120 198.67 0 .001060 0 .89133 503.60 2025.3 2528.9 503.81 2202.1 2706.0 1.5279 5.6013 7.1292
125 232.23 0.001065 0 .7701 2 524.83 2009.5 2534.3 525.07 2188.1 2713.1 1.5816 5.4956 7.0771
130 270.28 0.001070 0 .66808 546.10 1993.4 2539.5 546.38 2173.7 2720. 1 1.6346 5.3919 7.0265
135 313.22 0 .001075 0.58179 567.41 1977.3 2544.7 567.75 2159.1 2726.9 1.6872 5.2901 6.9773
140 361.53 0 .001080 0.50850 588.77 1960.9 2549.6 589.16 2144.3 2733.5 1.7392 5.1901 6.9294
145 415.68 0.001085 0.44600 610.19 1944.2 2554.4 6 10.64 2129.2 2739.8 1.7908 5.0919 6.8827
150 476.16 0.001091 0.39248 631.66 1927.4 2559. 1 632.18 2113.8 2745.9 1.8418 4.9953 6.8371
155 543.49 0 .001096 0 .34648 653.19 1910.3 2563.5 653.79 2098.0 2751.8 1.8924 4.9002 6.7927
160 618.23 0.001102 0.30680 674.79 1893.0 2567 .8 675.47 2082.0 2757 .5 1.9426 4.8066 6.7492
165 700.93 0.001108 0. 27244 696.46 1875.4 2571.9 697.24 2065.6 2762.8 1.9923 4.7143 6.7067
170 792.18 0.001114 0. 24260 718.20 1857.5 2575.7 719.08 2048.8 2767.9 2.0417 4.6233 6.6650
175 892.60 0 .001121 0 .21659 740.02 1839.4 2579.4 74 1.02 2031.7 2772.7 2.0906 4.5335 6.6242
180 1002.8 0.001127 0.19384 761.92 1820.9 2582.8 763.05 2014.2 2777.2 2.1392 4.4448 6.5841
185 1123.5 0.001134 0.17390 783.9 1 1802.1 2586.0 785.19 1996.2 2781.4 2. 1875 4.3572 6.5447
190 1255.2 0.001141 0. 15636 806.00 1783.0 2589.0 807.43 1977.9 2785.3 2.2355 4.2705 6.5059
195 1398.8 0.001149 0.14089 828.18 1763.6 2591.7 829.78 1959.0 2788.8 2.2831 4.1847 6.4678
200 1554.9 0.001157 0.12721 850.46 1743.7 2594 .2 852.26 1939.8 2792.0 2.3305 4.0997 6.4302
 Appendix 1 917
TABLE A-4
Saturated wat er- Temeerat ure tab le (Continued)

Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,

m 3 1kg kJikg kJ/kg kJikg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp ., press., liqu id, vapor, liqu id, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
r oc Psat k Pa v, vg u, u,g Ug h, htg hg s, s,g Sg
205 1724.3 0.001164 0.11508 872.86 1723.5 2596.4 874.87 1920.0 2794.8 2.3776 4.0154 6.3920
210 1907.7 0.001173 0.10429 895.38 1702.9 2598.3 897.61 1899.7 2797.3 2.4245 3.9318 6.3563
215 2105.9 0.001181 0.094680 918.02 1681.9 2599.9 920.50 1878.8 2799.3 2.4712 3.8489 6.3200
220 2319.6 0.001190 0.086094 940.79 1660.5 2601.3 943.55 1857.4 2801.0 2.5176 3.7664 6.2840
225 2549 .7 0.001199 0.078405 963.70 1638.6 2602.3 966.76 1835.4 2802.2 2.5639 3.6844 6.2483
230 2797 .1 0.001209 0.071505 986.76 1616.1 2602.9 990.14 1812.8 2802.9 2.6100 3.6028 6.2128
235 3062.6 0.00 1219 0.065300 1010.0 1593.2 2603.2 1013.7 1789.5 2803 .2 2.6560 3.5216 6.1775
240 3347.0 0 .00 1229 0.059707 1033.4 1569.8 2603.1 1037.5 1765.5 2803.0 2.7018 3.4405 6.1424
245 3651.2 0.00 1240 0.054656 1056.9 1545.7 2602 .7 1061.5 1740.8 2802.2 2.7476 3.3596 6.1072
250 3976.2 0.001252 0.050085 1080.7 1521.1 2601.8 1085.7 1715.3 2801.0 2.7933 3.2788 6.0721
255 4322 .9 0.00 1263 0.045941 1104.7 1495.8 2600.5 1110.] 1689.0 2799.1 2.8390 3.1979 6.0369
260 4692.3 0.001276 0.042175 1128.8 1469.9 2598.7 1134.8 1661.8 2796 .6 2.8847 3.1169 6.0017
265 5085.3 0.001289 0.038748 1153.3 1443.2 2596.5 1159.8 1633.7 2793.5 2.9304 3.0358 5.9662
270 5503.0 0.001303 0.035622 1177.9 14:5.7 2593.7 1185. 1 1604.6 2789.7 2.9762 2.9542 5.9305
275 5946.4 0.001317 0.032767 1202.9 1387.4 2590.3 1210.7 1574.5 2785.2 3.0221 2.8723 5.8944
280 6416.6 0.001333 0.030153 1228.2 1358.2 2586.4 1236.7 1543.2 2779.9 3.0681 2.7898 5.8579
285 6914.6 0.001349 0.027756 1253.7 1328.1 2581.8 1263.1 1510.7 2773 .7 3.1144 2.7066 5.8210
290 7441.8 O.:J01366 0.025554 1279.7 1296.9 2576.5 1289.8 1476.9 2766.7 3.1608 2.6225 5.7834
295 7999.0 0.00 ~ 384 0.023528 1306.0 1264.5 2570.5 1317. 1 1441.6 2758.7 3.2076 2.5374 5.7450
300 8587.9 0.00~404 0.021659 1332.7 1230.9 2563 .6 1344.8 1404.8 2749.6 3.2548 2.4511 5.7059
305 9209.4 0.00~425 0.019932 1360.0 1195.9 2555.8 1373.1 1366.3 2739.4 3.3024 2.3633 5.6657
310 9865.0 0.00 1447 0.018333 1387.7 1159.3 2547.1 1402.0 1325.9 2727 .9 3.3506 2.2737 5.6243
315 10,556 0.00 1472 0.016849 1416.1 1121.1 2537 .2 1431.5 1283.4 2715.0 3.3994 2.1821 5.58~6
320 11,284 0.00 1499 0.015470 1445.1 1080.9 2526.0 1462.J 1238.5 2700.6 3.4491 2.0881 5.5372
325 12,051 0.001528 0.014183 1475.0 1038.5 2513.4 1493.4 1191.0 2684.3 3.4998 1.9911 5.4908
330 12,858 0.001560 0.012979 1505.7 993.5 2499.2 1525.8 1140.3 2666.0 3.5516 1.8906 5.4422
335 13,707 0.001597 0.011848 1537.5 945.5 2483 .0 1559.4 1086.0 2645.4 36050 1.7857 5.3907
340 14,601 0.001638 0.010783 1570.7 893.8 2464.5 1594.6 1027.4 2622.0 3.6602 1.6756 5.3358
345 15,541 0.001685 0.009772 1605.5 837.7 2443.2 1631.7 963 .4 2595.1 3.7179 1.5585 5.2765
350 16,529 0.001741 0.008806 1642.4 775.9 2418.3 1671.2 892.7 2563.9 3.7788 1.4326 5.2114
355 17,570 0.001808 0.007872 1682.2 706.4 2388.6 1714.0 812.9 2526.9 3.8442 1.2942 5.1384
360 18,666 0.001895 0.006950 1726.2 625.7 2351.9 1761 5 720.1 2481.6 3.9165 1.1373 5.0537
365 19,822 0.002015 0.006009 1777.2 526.4 2303.6 18172 605.5 2422.7 4.0004 0.9489 4.9493
370 21,044 0.002217 0.004953 1844.5 385.6 2230.1 1891.2 443.1 2334.3 4.1119 0.6890 4.8009
373.95 22,064 0.003106 0.003106 2015.7 0 2015.7 20843 0 2084.3 4.4070 0 4.4070

Source: Tables A-4 through A- 8 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The
routine used in calculations is the highly accurate Steam_IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary
Water Substance for General end Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). Th is formulation
replaces the 1984 formulation of Haar. Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co. , 1984), which is also available in EES
as the rout ine STEAM. The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys. Chern. Ref. Data , 16, 893, 1987) with modifica-
lions to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss (J. Phys. Chem . Rei. Data, 22,
783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, "Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Satu rated Phases of H2 0
from 173.15 K to 473.15 K," ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.
918 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-5
Sat urated water- Pressu re t ab le
Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
Specific volume,
kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
m3/kg
Sat. Sat. Sat.
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Evap., vapor, li quid, Evap., vapor,
Press., te mp., liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap ., vapo r, liquid,
hg s, Stg Sg
P kPa Tsat oc v, Vg u, Utg Ug h, htg
29.303 2484.4 2513 .7 0 .1 059 8.8690 8.9749
1.0 6.97 0.00 1000 129.19 29.302 2355.2 2384.5
2470.1 2524.7 0. 1956 8.6314 8 .8270
1.5 13.02 0.00 1001 87.964 54.686 2338. 1 2392.8 54.688
73.433 2459 .5 2532.9 0.2606 8.4621 8 .7227
2.0 17.50 0.00100 1 66.990 73.431 2325.5 2398.9
2451 .0 2539.4 0.3118 8 .3302 8 .6421
2.5 21.08 0.00 1002 54.242 88.422 2315.4 2403.8 88.424
2443.9 2544 .8 0.3543 8.2222 8.5765
3.0 24.08 0.001003 45.654 100.98 2306 .9 2407.9 100.98
2432 .3 2553.7 0.4224 8.0510 8.4734
4.0 28.96 0.001004 34.791 121.39 2293.1 2414.5 12 1. 39
2423.0 2560.7 0.4762 7.9176 8.3938
5 .0 32 .87 0.001005 28.185 137.75 2282 .1 2419.8 137.75
2405.3 2574.0 0.5763 7.6738 8.2501
7.5 40.29 0.001008 19.233 168.74 2261.1 2429.8 168.75
2392.1 2583 .9 0.6492 7.4996 8.1488
10 45.81 0.001010 14.670 191.79 2245.4 2437.2 191.81
225.94 2372.3 2598 .3 0. 7549 7.2522 8.0071
15 53 .97 0.001014 10.020 225 .93 2222.1 2448 .0
2357.5 2608.9 0.8320 7 .0752 7.9073
20 60.06 0.001017 7.6481 251.40 2204.6 2456.0 251.42
2345.5 2617 .5 0.8932 6.9370 7.8302
25 64.96 0.001020 6.2034 271.93 2190.4 2462 .4 271.96
289.27 2335.3 2624 .6 0 .9441 6.8234 7.7675
30 69 .09 0 .001022 5.2287 289 .24 2178 .5 2467 .7
317.62 2318 .4 2636.1 1.0261 6.6430 7.6691
40 75.86 0.001026 3.9933 317.58 2158.8 2476 .3
2304.7 2645.2 1.0912 6 .5019 7.5931
50 81.32 0.00 1030 3.2403 340.49 2142.7 2483.2 340.54
384.44 2278.0 2662.4 1.2132 6.2426 7.4558
75 91.76 0 .001037 2.2172 384.36 2111.8 2496 .1
2257 .5 2675.0 1.3028 6.0562 7.3589
100 99.61 0 .001043 1.6941 417 .40 2088.2 2505 6 417.51
2256 .5 2675.6 1.3069 6.0476 7.3545
101.325 99.97 0.001043 1.6734 418.95 2087.0 2506 .0 419 .06
2240.6 2684.9 1.3741 5.9100 7.2841
125 105.97 0 .001048 1.3750 444.23 2068.8 2513.0 444.36
2226.0 2693 .1 1.4337 5.7894 7.2231
150 111.35 0 .00 1053 1.1594 466.97 2052.3 2519.2 467.13
2213.1 2700.2 1.4850 5.6865 7. 1716
175 116.04 0.001057 1.0037 486.82 2037.7 2524.5 487.01
504.71 2201.6 2706.3 1.5302 5.5968 7.1270
200 120.21 0.001061 0.88578 504.50 2024.6 2529.1
2191.0 2711.7 1.5706 5.5171 7 0877
225 123.97 0.001064 0.79329 520 .47 2012 .7 2533.2 520.71
535.35 2181.2 2716 .5 1.6072 5.4453 7.0525
250 127.41 0.001067 0.71873 535.08 2001.8 2536.8
2172.0 2720.9 1.6408 5.3800 7 0207
275 130.58 0.001070 0.65732 548.57 1991.6 2540.1 548.86
2163.5 2724.9 1.6717 5.3200 6.9917
300 133 .52 0.001073 0 .60582 561.11 1982.1 2543.2 561.43
2155.4 2728.6 1. 7005 5.2645 6.9650
325 136.27 0 .001076 0.56199 572.84 1973.1 2545 .9 573.19
2147 .7 2732 0 1.7274 5.2128 6.9402
350 138.86 0.001079 0.52422 583.89 1964.6 2548.5 584.26
594.73 2140.4 2735.1 1.7526 5.1645 6.9171
375 141.30 0.001081 0.49133 594.32 1956.6 2550.9
2133.4 2738.1 1.7765 5.1191 6.8955
400 143.61 0 .001084 0.46242 604 .22 1948.9 2553.1 604.66
2120 .3 2743.4 1.8205 5.0356 6.8561
450 147.90 0.001088 0.41392 622.65 1934.5 2557.1 623.14
2108.0 2748.1 1.8604 4.9603 6.8207
500 151.83 0.001093 0.37483 639.54 1921.2 2560 .7 640.09
2096 .6 2752.4 1.8970 4.8916 6.7886
550 155.46 0.001097 0.34261 655.16 1908.8 2563.9 655.77
2085.8 2756 .2 1.9308 4.8285 6 .7593
600 158.83 0 .001 10 1 0.3 1560 669 72 1897.1 2566.8 670.38
684 .08 2075.5 2759 6 1. 9623 4. 7699 6.7322
650 161.98 0.001104 0.29260 683.37 1886.1 2569.4
700 164.95 0.001108 0.27278 696.23 1875.6 2571.8 697.00 2065 .8 2762.8 1.9918 4 .7153 6 .7071
750 167.75 0.00 111 1 0.25552 708 .40 1865.6 2574.0 709.24 2056.4 2765.7 2.0195 4 .6642 6 .6837
 Appendix 1 919

TABLE A-5
Saturated water-Pressure table (Continued)

Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,

m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/ kg kJ/ kg · K
Sat. sa~. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Press., temp. , liqu id, vapor, liqu id , Evap., va por, liquid, Evap. , vapor, liq uid, Evap., vapor,
P kPa Tsat oc v! Vg u, Urg Ug h, hrg hg s, s,g Sg
800 170.41 0.001115 0 .24035 719.97 1856.1 2576.0 720.87 2047.5 2768.3 2.0457 4.6160 6.6616
850 172.94 0.001118 0 .22690 731.00 1846.9 2577.9 731.95 2038.8 2770.8 2.0705 4.5705 6.6409
900 175.35 0001121 0.21489 741.55 1838.1 2579.6 742.56 2030.5 2773.0 2 0941 4.5273 6 .6213
950 177.66 0.001124 0.20411 751.67 1829.6 2581.3 752.74 2022.4 2775.2 2.1166 4.4862 6.6027
1000 179.88 0 001127 0.19436 761.39 1821.4 2582.8 762.51 2014.6 2777.1 2.1381 4.4470 6.5850
1100 184.06 0.001133 0.17745 779.78 1805.7 2585 .5 781.03 1999.6 2780.7 2.1785 4.3735 6.5520
1200 187.96 0.001138 0.16326 796.96 1790.9 2587.8 798.33 1985.4 2783.8 2.2159 4.3058 6.5217
1300 191.60 0 .001144 0.15119 813.10 1776.8 2589.9 814.59 1971.9 2786.5 2.2508 4.2428 6.4936
1400 195.04 0 .001149 0.14078 828.35 1763.4 2591.8 829.96 1958.9 2788.9 2.2835 4. 1840 6.4675
1500 198.29 0.001154 0.13171 842.82 1750.6 2593.4 844.55 1946.4 2791.0 2.3143 4.1287 6.4430
1750 205.72 0.001166 0.11344 876.12 1720.6 2596.7 878.16 1917.1 2795.2 2.3844 4.0033 6 .3877
2000 212.38 0.001177 0.099587 906. 12 1693.0 2599. 1 908.47 1889.8 2798.3 2.4467 3.8923 6.3390
2250 218.41 0.001187 0.088717 933.54 1667.3 2600.9 936.21 1864.3 2800.5 2.5029 3.7926 6 .2954
2500 223.95 0.001197 0.079952 958.87 1643.2 2602.1 961.87 1840.1 2801.9 2.5542 3.7016 6.2558
3000 233.85 0.001217 0.066667 1004.6 1598.5 2603.2 1008.3 1794.9 2803 .2 2.6454 3.5402 6.1856
3500 242.56 0.001235 0.057061 1045.4 1557.6 2603.0 1049.7 1753.0 2802 .7 2.7253 3.3991 6.1244
4000 250.35 0.001252 0.049779 1082.4 1519.3 2601.7 1087.4 1713.5 2800.8 2.79E6 3.2731 6.0696
5000 263.94 0.001286 0.039448 1148.1 1448.9 2597 .0 1154.5 1639.7 2794.2 2.9207 3.0530 5.9737
6000 275.59 0.001319 0.032449 1205.8 1384.1 2589.9 1213.8 1570.9 2784.6 3.0275 2.8627 5.8902
7000 285.83 0.001352 0 .027378 1258.0 1323.0 2581.0 1267.5 1505.2 2772.6 3. 1220 2.6927 5.8148
8000 295.0 1 0.001384 0.023525 1306.0 1264.5 2570.5 1317.1 1441.6 2758.7 3.2077 2.5373 5.7450
9000 303 .35 0 001418 0.020489 1350.9 1207.6 2558.5 1363.7 1379.3 2742 .9 3.2866 2.3925 5.679 1
10,000 311 .00 0.00 1452 0.018028 1393.3 1151.8 2545.2 1407.8 1317.6 2725.5 3.3603 2.2556 5 .6159
11,000 3 18.08 0.001488 0.015988 1433.9 1096.6 2530.4 1450.2 1256.1 2706.3 3.4299 2.1245 5.5544
12,000 324.68 0.001526 0.014264 1473.0 1041.3 2514.3 1491.3 1194.1 2685.4 3.4964 1.9975 5.4939
13,000 330 .85 0.001566 0 .012781 1511.0 985.5 2496.6 1531.4 1131.3 2662.7 3.5606 1.8730 5.4336
14,000 336.67 0 001610 0.011487 1548.4 928.7 2477.1 1571.0 1067.0 2637 .9 3.6232 1.7497 5.3728
15,000 342_16 0.001657 0.010341 1585.5 870 .3 2455.7 1610.3 1000.5 2610.8 3.6848 1.6261 5.3 108
16,000 347_36 0001710 0.009312 1622.6 809 4 2432.0 1649.9 931.1 258 1.0 3.7461 1.5005 5.2466
17,000 352 _29 0.00 1770 0.008374 1660.2 745.1 2405.4 1690.3 857.4 2547.7 3.8082 1.3709 5.1791
18,000 3~6-99 0 001840 0.007504 1699.1 675.9 2375.0 1732.2 777.8 25 10 .0 3.8720 1.2343 5.1064
19,000 3EL47 0.001926 0 .006677 1740.3 598.9 2339.2 1776.8 689.2 2466.0 3.9396 1.0860 5.0256
20,000 3E5_75 0.002038 0.005862 1785.8 509.0 2294.8 1826.6 585.5 24 12. 1 4.0146 0.9164 4.9310
21,000 3E9_83 0.002207 0.004994 1841.6 391.9 2233.5 1888.0 450.4 2338.4 4.1071 0.7005 4.8076
22,000 373_71 0 002703 0.003644 1951.7 140.8 2092.4 2011. 1 161.5 2172. 6 4.294 2 0.2496 4 .5439
22,064 373.95 0.003106 0.003106 2015.7 0 201 5. I 2084.3 0 2084.3 4.4070 0 4.4070
920 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-6
s uperheated water
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
oc m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ /kg · K
P = 0.01 MPa (45 .81 °C) * P = 0.05 MPa (81.32°C) p 0.10 MPa (9961 °C)
Sa t. 1 14.670 2437.2 2583.9 8.1488 3.2403 2483 .2 2645.2 7.5931 1.6941 2505.6 2675.0 7.3589
50 14 .867 2443.3 2592.0 8.174 1
100 17. 196 2515 .5 2687.5 8.4489 3.4187 2511.5 26824 7.6953 1.6959 2506.2 2675 .8 7.36 11
150 19.5 13 2587.9 2783.0 8.6893 3.8897 2585.7 2780.2 7.9413 1.9367 2582 .9 2776.6 7.6 148
200 21.826 2661.4 2879.6 8.9049 4. 3562 2660.0 28778 8. 1592 2.1724 2658.2 2875.5 7.8356
250 24.136 2736.1 2977.5 9.1 015 4.8206 2735.1 2976.2 8.3568 2.4062 2733.9 2974.5 8 .03 4 6
300 26.446 2812 .3 3076.7 9.2827 5.2841 2811.6 3075.8 8.5387 2.6389 28 10 .7 3074 .5 8.2 172
400 31.063 2969 .3 3280.0 9.6094 6 .2094 2968.9 3279.3 8 .8659 3 .1027 2968 .3 3278.6 8.54 5 2
500 35.680 3132.9 3489.7 9.8998 7.1338 3132.6 3489.3 9. 1566 3.5655 3 132 .2 3488.7 8 .83 6 2
600 40.296 3303.3 3706.3 10. 163 1 8.0577 33031 3706.0 9.420 1 4.0279 3302.8 3705.6 9.0999
700 44.9 11 3480 .8 3929.9 10.4056 8.98 13 3480 6 3929.7 9 .6626 4 .4900 3480.4 3929.4 9.34 24
800 49.527 3665.4 4 160.6 10.6312 9.9047 3665.2 41604 9.8883 4 .9519 3665.0 4160.2 9.568 2
900 54.143 3856.9 4398 .3 10.8429 10.8280 3856.8 4398.2 10.1000 5.4137 3856.7 4398.0 9.780 0
1000 58.758 4055.3 4642.8 11.0429 11.7513 40552 4642.7 10.3000 5.8755 4055 .0 4642 .6 9.980 0
1100 63.373 4260.0 4893.8 11. 2326 12.6745 4259.9 4893.7 10.4897 6.3372 4259.8 4893 .6 10. 1698
1200 67.989 4470.9 5150.8 11.4132 13.5977 4470.8 5150.7 10.6704 6.7988 4470.7 5150 .6 10.3504
1300 72.604 4687 .4 5413.4 11.5857 14.5209 4687.3 5413.3 10.8429 7.2605 4687.2 5413 .3 10.5229
P = 0.20 MPa (120.21 °C) P - 0.30 MPa (133.52°0) P = 0.40 MPa (143.6PO)
Sat. 0.88578 2529.1 2706.3 7.1270 0.60582 2543.2 2724.9 6.9917 0.46242 2553.1 2738 .1 6.8955
150 0.95986 2577. 1 2769.1 7.2810 0.63402 25710 2761.2 7 .0792 0.47088 2564.4 2752.8 6.93 0 5
20C 1.08049 2654.6 2870.7 7.5081 0.71543 2651.0 2865 .9 7.3 132 0.53434 2647.2 2860.9 7.1723
25C 1.19890 2731.4 297 1. 2 7.7100 0.79545 2728.9 2967.9 7.5 180 0.59520 2726.4 2964.5 7.3804
300 1.3 1623 2808.8 3072.1 7.8941 0.87535 2807.0 3069.6 7 .7037 0.65489 2805.1 3067 .1 7.5677
400 1.54934 2967.2 3277.0 8 .2236 1.03 155 2966.0 3275.5 8 .0347 0.77265 2964.9 3273.9 7.900 3
500 1.78 142 3131.4 3487.7 8 .5153 1.18672 3130.6 3486 6 8 .32 71 0 .88936 3129.8 3485.5 8.:933
600 2.01302 3302 .2 3704.8 8.7793 1.34139 3301.6 3704.0 8.5915 1.00558 3301.0 3703.3 8.4580
700 2.24434 3479.9 3928 .8 9.0221 1.49580 3479.5 3928.2 8.8345 1.12 152 3479.0 3927.6 8.7012
800 2.47550 3664.7 4159.8 9.2479 1.65004 3664.3 4159.3 9 .0605 1. 23730 3663.9 4158.9 8.927 4
900 2.70656 3856.3 4397.7 9.4598 1.80417 3856.0 4397 .3 9 .272 5 1.35298 3855.7 4396.9 9. 1394
100C 2 .93755 4054.8 4642 .3 9.6599 1.95824 4054.5 4642.0 9.4726 1.46859 4054 .3 4641.7 9.3396
1100 3 .16848 4259.6 4893 .3 9 .8497 2 .11226 4259.4 4893. 1 9.6624 1.58414 4259.2 4892.9 9.5295
1200 3 .39938 4470.5 5150.4 10.0304 2.26624 4470 .3 5150.2 9 .8431 1.69966 4470 .2 5150.0 9.71 0 2
1300 3.63026 4687. 1 541 3 .1 10.2029 2.420 19 4686.9 5413 .0 10.0157 1.8 1516 4686.7 5412.8 9.8828
P = 0.50 MPa (151.83°C) P = 0.60 MPa (158.83°0) P = 0 .80 MPa (170.41 °C)
Sat. 0.37483 2560 .7 2748. 1 6 .8207 0 .3 1560 2566 .8 2756 .2 6.7593 0 .24035 2576.0 2768.3 6.66 15
200 0. 42503 2643.3 2855 .8 7 .06 10 0.352 12 2639.4 2850.6 6.9683 0.26088 263 1.1 2839.8 6.8 177
250 0 .47443 2723.8 296 1.0 7.2725 0.39390 2721.2 2957.6 7. 1833 0.29321 27 15 .9 2950.4 7.0402
300 0.5226 1 2803 .3 3064.6 7.461 4 0.43442 2801.4 3062 .0 7.3740 0 .32416 2797.5 3056.9 7.2345
350 0 .57015 2883 .0 3 168. 1 7.6346 0.474 28 2881.6 3166.1 7.548 1 0.35442 2878.6 3162.2 7.4107
400 0.61731 2963.7 3272.4 7.7956 0 .5 1374 2962.5 3270.8 7.7097 0 .38429 2960.2 3267.7 7.5735
500 0 .71095 3 129.0 3484.5 8 .0893 0.59200 3 128.2 3483.4 8.004 1 0.44332 3 126.6 3481.3 7.8692
600 0.80409 3300.4 3702 .5 8.3544 0.66976 3299.8 3701.7 8 .2695 0 .50 186 3298.7 3700.1 8.1354
700 0 .89696 3478.6 3927 .0 8.5978 0 .74725 3478.1 3926.4 8.5 132 0 .560 11 3477.2 3925.3 8.3794
800 0.98966 3663.6 4 158.4 8.8240 0.82457 36632 4157.9 8.7395 0.61820 3662.5 4157.0 8.606 1
900 1.08227 3855.4 4396 .6 9 .0362 0.90179 3855 1 4396.2 8.9518 0 .676 19 3854.5 4395.5 8.8 185
1000 1.1 7480 4054.0 4641.4 9 .2364 0.97893 4053 .8 464 1.1 9 .152 1 0.734 11 4053 .3 4640.5 9.0189
1100 1.26728 4259 .0 4892.6 9 .4263 1.05603 4258 .8 4892.4 9 .3420 0 .79197 4258 .3 4891.9 9.2090
1200 1.35972 4470.0 5 149.8 9.6071 1.1 3309 4469.8 5149.6 9.5229 0.84980 4469.4 5149 .3 9.3898
1300 1. 452 14 4686.6 5412.6 9.7797 1.2 1012 4686.4 5412.5 9 6955 0.9076 1 4 686 .1 5412 .2 9.5625
 Appendix 1 921

TABLE A-6
Superheated water (Continued)
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
oc m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
P = 1.00 MPa (179.88°C) P = 1.20 MPa (187.96°C) P = 1.40 MPa (195.04°C)
Sat. 0 .19437 2582.8 2777.1 6.5850 0.16326 2587.8 2783.8 6.5217 0.14078 2591.8 2788.9 6.4675
200 0 .20602 2622.3 2828.3 6.6956 0.16934 2612.9 2816.1 6.5909 0.14303 2602.7 2803.0 6.4975
250 0.23275 2710.4 2943.1 6.9265 0 .19241 2704.7 2935.6 6.8313 0.16356 2698.9 2927.9 6.7488
300 0.25799 2793.7 3051.6 7.1246 0.21386 2789.7 3046.3 7.0335 0.18233 2785.7 3040.9 6.9553
350 0.28250 2875.7 3158.2 7.3029 0.23455 2872.7 3154.2 7.2139 0.20029 2869.7 3150.1 7 .1379
400 0.30661 2957.9 3264.5 7.4670 0.25482 2955.5 3261.3 7.3793 0.21782 2953.1 3258.1 7.3046
500 0.35411 3125.0 3479.1 7.7642 0.29464 3123.4 3477.0 7.6779 0.25216 3121.8 3474.8 7.6047
600 0.40111 3297.5 3698.6 8.0311 0.33395 3296.3 3697.0 7.9456 0.28597 3295.1 3695.5 7.8730
700 0.44783 3476 .3 3924.1 8.2755 0.37297 3475.3 3922.9 8.1904 0.31951 3474.4 3921.7 8.1183
800 0.49438 3661.7 4156 .1 8.5024 0.41184 3661.0 4155.2 8 .4176 0.35288 3660.3 4154.3 8.3458
900 0.54083 3853.9 4394.8 8.7150 0.45059 3853.3 4394 .0 8.6303 0.38614 3852 .7 4393.3 8.5587
1000 0.58721 4052.7 4640.0 8.9155 0.48928 4052.2 4639.4 8.8310 0.41933 4051.7 4638.8 8 .7595
1100 0.63354 4257.9 4891.4 9.1057 0.52792 4257.5 4891.0 9.0212 0.45247 4257.0 4890.5 8.9497
1200 0.67983 4469.0 5148.9 9.2866 0.56652 4468.7 5148 .5 9.2022 0.48558 4468 .3 5148.1 9.1308
1300 0.72610 4685.8 5411.9 9.4593 0.60509 4685.5 5411 .6 9.3750 0.51866 4685.1 5411.3 9.3036

P = 1.60 MPa (201.3JOC) P = 1.80 MPa (207.11 °C) P = 2.00 MPa (212.38°C)
Sat. 0.12374 2594 .8 2792.8 6.4200 0 .11037 2597.3 2795.9 6.3775 0.09959 2599.1 2798 .3 6.3390
225 0 .13293 2645.1 2857.8 6.5537 0.11678 2637.0 2847.2 6.4825 0. 10381 2628.5 2836 .1 6.4160
250 0.14190 2692.9 2919.9 6.6753 0.12502 2686.7 2911.7 6.6088 0.11 150 2680.3 2903.3 6.5475
300 0.15866 2781.6 3035.4 6.8864 0.14025 2777 .4 3029 .9 6.8246 0.12551 2773.2 3024.2 6 .7684
350 0.17459 2866.6 3146.0 7.0713 0.15460 2863.6 3 141.9 7.0 120 0.13860 2860.5 3137.7 6 .9583
400 0.19007 2950.8 3254.9 7.2394 0 .16849 2948.3 3251.6 7. 18 14 0.15 122 2945.9 3248.4 7.1292
500 0.22029 3120.1 3472.6 7.5410 0.19551 3118.5 3470.4 7.4845 0.17568 3116.9 3468.3 7.4337
600 0.24999 3293.9 3693 .9 7.8101 0.22200 3292.7 3692.3 7.7543 0.19962 3291.5 3690.7 7 .7043
700 0.27941 3473.5 3920.5 8.0558 0.24822 3472.6 3919.4 80005 0.22326 3471.7 3918.2 7 .9509
800 0.30865 3659.5 4153 .4 8.2834 0 .27426 3658.8 4152.4 8.2284 0.24674 3658.0 4151.5 8.1791
900 0 .33780 3852 .1 4392.6 8 .4965 0.30020 3851.5 4391.9 8.4417 0.27012 3850.9 4391.1 8.3925
1000 0.36687 4051.2 4638.2 8 .6974 0.32606 4050.7 4637.6 8.6427 0.29342 4050 .2 4637.1 8 .5936
1100 0.39589 4256 .6 4890 .0 8.8878 0 .35188 4256.2 4889.6 8.8331 0.31667 4255.7 4889.1 8.7842
1200 0.42488 4467.9 5147 .7 9.0689 0.37766 4467.6 5147.3 9.0143 0.33989 4467.2 5147.0 8.9654
1300 0.45383 4684 .8 5410.9 9.2418 0.40341 4684.5 5410.6 9.1872 0.36308 4684.2 5410.3 9.1384

P = 2.50 MPa (223.95°C) P = 3.00 MPa (233 85°C) p 3.50 MPa (242.56°C)
Sat. 0.07995 2602.1 2801.9 6.2558 0.06667 2603 .2 2803.2 6.1856 0.05706 2603.0 2802.7 6.1244
225 0.08026 2604.8 2805.5 6.2629
250 0.08705 2663.3 2880.9 6.4107 0.07063 2644.7 2856.5 6.2893 0.05876 2624.0 2829.7 6 .1764
300 0.09894 2762.2 3009.6 6.6459 0.08118 2750.8 2994 .3 6.5412 0.06845 2738 .8 2978 .4 6 .4484
350 0.10979 2852.5 3127.0 6.8424 0.09056 2844.4 3116 1 6.7450 0.07680 2836 .0 3104.9 6.\)601
400 0.12012 2939.8 3240.1 7.0170 0.09938 2933.6 3231.7 6.9235 0.08456 2927.2 3223.2 6 .8428
450 0.13015 3026.2 3351.6 7.1768 0.10789 30212 3344.9 7.0856 0.09198 3016.1 3338.1 7.0074
500 0.13999 3112.8 3462 .8 7.3254 0.11620 3108.6 3457.2 7.2359 0.09919 3104.5 3451.7 7.1593
600 0.15931 3288.5 3686.8 7.5979 0.13245 3285.5 3682.8 7.5103 0.11325 3282.5 3678.9 7.4357
700 0.17835 3469.3 3915.2 7.8455 0.14841 3467.0 3912.2 7.7590 0.12702 3464.7 3909.3 7.6855
800 0.19722 3656.2 4149 .2 8.0744 0.16420 3654.3 4146.9 7.9885 0.14061 3652.5 4144.6 7 .9156
900 0.2 1597 3849.4 4389.3 8 .2882 0.17988 3847.9 4387.5 8.2028 0.15410 3846.4 4385.7 8.1304
1000 0.23466 4049.0 4635.6 8.4897 0.19549 4047.7 4634.2 8.4045 0.16751 4046.4 4632.7 8 .3324
1100 0.25330 4254 .7 4887.9 8.6804 0.21105 4253.6 4886 .7 8.5955 0.18087 4252.5 4885 .6 8.5236
1200 0.27190 4466.3 5 146.0 8.8618 0.22658 4465.3 5145.1 8.7771 0.19420 4464.4 5144.1 8.7053
1300 0.29048 4683.4 5409.5 9.0349 0 .24207 4682.6 5408.8 8.9502 0.20750 4681.8 5408.0 8.8786
922 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-6
superhea t ed water (Continued)
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
oc m3/kg kJ/kg kJikg kJ/kg · K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
P = 4.0 MPa (250.35°C) p = 4.5 MPa (257 .44°C) P = 5.0 MPa (263.94°C)
Sat. 0.04978 2601.7 2800.8 6.0696 0.04406 2599 .7 2798.0 6 .0198 0.03945 2597.0 2794.2 5.9737
275 0.05461 2668.9 2887.3 6.2312 0.04733 2651.4 2864.4 6.1429 0.04 144 2632.3 2839 .5 6.0571
300 0.05887 2726.2 2961.7 6.3639 0.05138 2713.0 2944.2 6.2854 0.04535 2699 .0 2925.7 6.2111
350 0.06647 2827.4 3093.3 6.5843 0.05842 2818.6 3081.5 6.5153 0 .05197 2809.5 3069.3 6.4516
400 0.07343 2920.8 3214.5 6.7714 0.06477 2914.2 3205.7 6.7071 0.05784 2907.5 3196.7 6.6483
450 0.08004 3011.0 3331.2 6.9386 0.07076 3005.8 3324.2 6.8770 0.06332 3000.6 3317.2 6.82 10
500 0.08644 3100.3 3446 .0 7.0922 0.07652 3096.0 3440.4 7 .0323 0.06858 3091.8 3434.7 6.978 1
600 0.09886 3279.4 3674.9 7.3706 0.08766 3276.4 3670.9 7.3127 0.07870 3273.3 3666.9 7.2605
700 0.11098 3462.4 3906.3 7.6214 0.09850 3460.0 3903.3 7.5647 0.08852 3457.7 3900.3 7.5136
800 0.12292 3650 .6 4~42.3 7.8523 0.10916 3648.8 4140.0 7.7962 0.09816 3646.9 4137 .7 7.7458
900 0.1 3476 3844.8 4383.9 8.0675 0.11972 3843.3 4382.1 8 .011 8 0.10769 3841.8 4380.2 7.96 19
1000 0.14653 4045.1 4631.2 8.2698 0 .1 3020 4043.9 4629.8 8 .2144 0.11715 4042 .6 4628 .3 8.1648
1100 0.1 5824 4251.4 4884.4 8.4612 0.14064 4250.4 4883.2 8.4060 0.12655 4249.3 4882.1 8 .3566
1200 0.16992 4463.5 5143.2 8.6430 0.15103 4462.6 5142 .2 8.5880 0.13592 4461.6 5141.3 8.5388
1300 0.18157 4680.9 5407.2 8.8164 0.16 140 4680.1 5406.5 8.7616 0.14527 4679.3 5405.7 8.7124
P = 6.0 MPa (275.59°C) p 7.0 MPa (285.83°C) P = 8.0 MPa (295 .0 1°C)
Sat. 0.03245 2589.9 2784.6 5.8902 0.027378 2581.0 2772 .6 5.8148 0.023525 2570.5 2758.7 5.7450
300 0.03619 2668.4 2885.6 6.0703 0.029492 2633.5 2839 .9 5.9337 0.024279 2592.3 2786.5 5.7937
350 0.04225 2790.4 3043.9 6.3357 0.035262 2770.1 3016.9 6.2305 0.029975 2748.3 2988.1 6.1 32 1
400 0.04742 2893.7 3178.3 6.5432 0.039958 2879.5 3159.2 6.4502 0.034344 2864 .6 3139.4 6.3658
450 0.05217 2989 .9 3302 .9 6.7219 0.044187 2979 .0 3288.3 6 .6353 0 .038194 2967.8 3273.3 6.5579
500 0.05667 3083.1 3423.1 6.8826 0.048157 3074.3 3411.4 6.8000 0.041767 3065.4 3399.5 6.7266
550 0.06102 3175 .2 3541.3 7.0308 0.051966 3167 9 3531.6 6.9507 0 .045172 3160.5 3521.8 6.8800
600 0.06527 3267 .2 3558.8 7.1693 0 .055665 3261.0 3650.6 7 .0910 0 .048463 3254.7 3642.4 7.0221
700 0.07355 3453.0 3394.3 7.4247 0.062850 3448.3 3888.3 7.3487 0.054829 3443 .6 3882 .2 7.2822
800 0.08165 3643.2 4133.1 7.6582 0.069856 3639.5 4128.5 7.5836 0.061011 3635.7 4123.8 7.5185
900 0.08964 3838.8 4376.6 7.8751 0.076750 3835.7 4373.0 7.8014 0.067082 3832 .7 4369 .3 7.7372
1000 0.09756 4040 .1 4625.4 8.0786 0.083571 4037.5 4622.5 8 .0055 0.073079 4035.0 4619.6 7.9419
1100 0.10543 4247 .1 4879.7 8 .2709 0.090341 4245.0 4877.4 8.1982 0.079025 4242.8 4875 .0 8.1350
1200 0.11326 4459.8 5139.4 8.4534 0.097075 4457.9 5137.4 8.3810 0.084934 4456.1 5135.5 8.3181
1300 0.12107 4677.7 5404.1 8.6273 0.103781 4676.1 5402.6 8.5551 0.090817 4674.5 5401.0 8.4925
P = 9.0 MPa :303.35°C) P = 10.0 MPa (311.00°C) P = 12.5 MPa (327.81 °C)
Sat. 0.020489 2558.5 2742 .9 5.6791 0.018028 2545.2 2725.5 5.6159 0 .013496 2505.6 2674.3 5.4638
325 0.023284 2647.6 2857.1 5.8738 0.019877 2611.6 2810.3 5 .7596
350 0.025816 2725.0 2957.3 6.0380 0.022440 2699.6 2924.0 5.9460 0 016138 2624 .9 2826 .6 5.7130
400 0.029960 2849.2 3118.8 6.2876 0 .026436 2833.1 3097.5 6.2 141 0.020030 2789.6 3040.0 6.0433
450 0.033524 2956.3 3258.0 6.4872 0.029782 2944.5 3242.4 6.4219 0.023019 2913.7 3201.5 6.2749
500 0.036793 3056.3 3387.4 6.6603 0.032811 3047 .0 3375 .1 6.5995 0.025630 3023.2 3343.6 6 .4651
550 0.039885 3153.0 3512.0 6.8164 0.035655 3145.4 3502.0 6.7585 0.028033 3126 .1 3476.5 6.6317
600 0.042861 3248.4 3634.1 6.9605 0.038378 3242.0 3625.8 6.9045 0 .030306 3225.8 3604.6 6. 7828
650 0.045755 3343.4 3755.2 7.0954 0.041018 3338.0 3748.1 7.0408 0.032491 3324.1 3730.2 6.9227
700 0.048589 3438.8 3876.1 7.2229 0.043597 3434.0 3870.0 7.1693 0 034612 3422.0 3854.6 7.0540
800 0.054132 3632.0 411 9.2 7.4606 0.048629 3628.2 4114 .5 7.4085 0 038724 36 18 .8 4102.8 7.2967
900 0.059562 3829.6 4 365.7 7.6802 0.053547 3826.5 4362.0 7.6290 0.042720 3818.9 4352.9 7.5195
1000 0.064919 4032.4 4616 .7 7.8855 0.058391 4029.9 4613.8 7.8349 0 046641 4023.5 4606.5 7.7269
1100 0.070224 4240.7 4872.7 8.079 1 0.063183 4238.5 4870.3 8.0289 0.050510 4233 .1 4864.5 7.9220
1200 0.075492 4454.2 5133 .6 8 .2625 0.067938 4452.4 5131.7 8.2126 0 .054342 4447 .7 5127.0 8 .1 065
1300 0.080733 4672.9 5399.5 8.4371 0.072667 4671 .3 5398.0 8.3874 0 .058147 4667.3 5394 1 8.2819
 K!J!Jt:IIUIA I

TABLE A-6
Superheated water (Concluded)
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
oc m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K m3 /kg kJ/kg kJ /kg kJ/kg · K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K

P = 15.0 MPa (342 .16°C) P = 17.5 MPa(354.67"C) P = 20 .0 MPa (365.75°C)

5.3108 0.007932 2390 .7 2529.5 5.1435 0.005862 2294 .8 2412.1 4.9310

Sat. 0.010341 2455.7 2610.8
350 0.011481 2520.9 2693.1 5.4438
5.8819 0 .012463 2684.3 2902.4 5.7211 0 .009950 26 17.9 2816.9 5.5526
400 0.015671 2740.6 2975.7
6.1434 0.015204 2845 .4 3111.4 6.0212 0.012721 2807 .3 3061.7 5.9043
450 0.018477 2880.8 3157.9
6.3480 0 .017385 2972.4 3276 .7 6.2424 0 .0147 93 2945.3 3241.2 6.1446
500 0.020828 2998.4 3310.8
6 .5230 0.019305 3085 .8 3423 .6 6.4266 0.016571 3064.7 3396.2 6.3390
550 0 .022945 3106.2 3450.4
6.6796 0.021073 3192.5 3561.3 6.5890 0 .018185 3175.3 3539.0 6 .5075
600 0 .024921 3209.3 3583.1
6.8233 0.022742 3295.8 3693.8 6.7366 0 .019695 3281.4 3675 .3 6.6593
650 0.026804 3310.1 3712.1
6.9573 0.024342 3397.5 3823 .5 6.8735 0.021134 3385.1 3807.8 6.7991
700 0.028621 3409.8 3839.1
7.2037 0.027405 3599.7 4079.3 7.1 237 0 .023870 3590.1 4067.5 7.0 531
800 0 .032121 3609.3 4091.1
7 .4288 0.030348 3803.5 4334.6 7.3511 0.026484 3795.7 4325 .4 7.2829
900 0.035503 3811.2 4343.7
7.6378 0 .033215 4010.7 4592.0 7.5616 0 .029020 4004.3 4584 .7 7.4950
1000 0.038808 4017.1 4599 .2
7.8339 0.036029 4222 .3 4852.8 7.7588 0.031504 4216.9 4847.0 7.6933
1100 0 .042062 4227.7 4858.6
8.0192 0.038806 4438.5 5117.6 7.9449 0.033952 4433.8 5112.9 7.8802
1200 0.045279 4443.1 5122 .3
8.1952 0 .041556 4659.2 5386.5 8.1215 0.036371 4655.2 5382.7 8 .0574
1300 0.048469 4663.3 5390.3
P = 30.0 MPa P = 35.0 MPa
P = 25.0 MPa
0.001792 1738.1 1791.9 3.9313 0.001701 1702.8 1762.4 3.8724
375 0.001978 1799.9 1849.4 4.0345
0.002798 2068.9 2152 .8 4.4758 0.002105 1914.9 1988.6 4.2144
400 0.006005 2428.5 2578 .7 5.1400
0.005299 2452.9 2611.8 5.1473 0.003434 2253.3 2373 .5 4.7751
425 0.007886 2607.8 2805.0 5.4708
0.006737 2618 .9 2821.0 5.4422 0.004957 2497.5 2671.0 5.1946
450 0.009176 272 1. 2 2950 .6 5.67 59
0.008691 2824.0 3084.8 5.7956 0 .006933 2755.3 2997.9 5.6331
500 0.011143 2887.3 3 165.9 5.9643
0.010175 2974.5 3279.7 6.0403 0.008348 2925.8 3218.0 5.9093
550 0.012736 3020.8 3339 .2 6.1816
0.011445 3 103.4 3446.8 6.2373 0.009523 3065.6 3399.0 6.1229
600 0.014140 3140.0 3493.5 6 .3637
0.012590 3221.7 3599.4 6.4074 0.010565 3190.9 3560.7 6.3030
650 0.015430 3251.9 3637.7 6.5243
0.013654 3334.3 3743.9 6.5599 0.011523 3308.3 3711 .6 6.4623
700 0.016643 3359 .9 3776.0 6.6702
0.015628 3551.2 4020.0 6.8301 0.013278 3531.6 3996.3 6.7409
800 0.018922 3570.7 4043.8 6.9322
0.017473 3764.6 4288.8 7.0695 0.014904 3749.0 4270.6 6.9853
900 0 .021075 3780 2 4307.1 7.1668
0 .019240 3978.6 4555.8 7.2880 0.016450 3965.8 4541.5 7.2069
1000 0.023150 3991.5 4570.2 7.3821
0.020954 4195.2 4823.9 7.4906 0 .01 7942 4184.4 4812.4 7.4118
1100 0.025172 4206.1 4835.4 7.5825
0.022630 4415.3 5094.2 7.6807 0.019398 4406.1 5085.0 7.6034
1200 0.027157 4424.6 5103.5 7.7710
0.024279 4639.2 5367.6 7.8602 0.020827 4631.2 5360.2 7.7841
1300 0.029115 4647.2 5375.1 7.9494
P = 50.0 MPa p 60.0 MPa
P = 40.0 MPa
3.8290 0.001560 1638.6 1716.6 3.7642 0.001503 1609.7 1699.9 3 .7149
375 0.001641 1677.0 1742 .6
4.1145 0.001731 1787.8 187 4.4 4.0029 0.00 1633 1745.2 1843.2 3 .93 17
400 0.001911 1855.0 1931.4
4.5044 0.002009 1960.3 2060.7 4.2746 0.001816 1892.9 2001.8 4.1630
425 0.002538 2097 .5 2199 0
4.9449 0.002487 2160.3 2284.7 4.5896 0.002086 2055.1 2180.2 4.4140
450 0.003692 2364.2 2511.8
5.4744 0.003890 2528.1 2722.6 5.1762 0.002952 2393.2 2570.3 4.9356
500 0.005623 2681.6 2906.5
5.7857 0.005118 2769.5 3025.4 5.5563 0.003955 2664.6 2901.9 5.3517
550 0.006985 2875.1 3154.4
6.0170 0.006108 2947.1 3252.6 5.8245 0.004833 2866.8 3156.8 5.6527
600 0.008089 3026.8 3350.4
6.2078 0.006957 3095.6 3443 .5 6.0373 0 .005591 3031.3 3366.8 5.8867
650 0.009053 3159.5 3521.6
6.3740 0.007717 3228.7 36 14.6 6.2179 0.006265 3175.4 3551.3 6.08 14
700 0.009930 3282.0 3679.2
6 .66 13 0 .009073 3472.2 3925.8 6.5225 0.007456 3432 .6 38800 6.4033
800 0.011521 3511.8 3972.6
6.9 107 0.010296 3702.0 4216.8 6.781 9 0.008519 3670.9 4182.1 6 .6725
900 0.012980 3733.3 4252.5
7. 1355 0.011441 3927.4 4499.4 7.0131 0.009504 3902.0 4472.2 6.9099
1000 0.014360 3952.9 4527.3
1100 7.3425 0.012534 4152.2 4778.9 7.2244 0.010439 4130.9 4757.3 7. 1255
0.015686 4173.7 4801.1
7.5357 0.013590 4378.6 5058.1 7.4207 0.011339 4360.5 5040.8 7.3248
1200 0.016976 4396.9 5075.9
7.7175 0.014620 4607.5 5338.5 7.6048 0.012213 4591.8 5324.5 7.51 11
1300 0.018239 4623.3 5352 .8
924 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-7
Compressed liquid water
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
oc m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ /kg kJ/kg · K m3 /kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
P = 5 MPa (263 .94°C) P = 10 MPa (311.00°C) P = 15 MPa (342 .16°C)
Sat. 0.0012862 11 48.1 1154.5 2.9207 0.0014522 1393.3 1407.9 3.3603 0 .0016572 1585.5 1610.3 3.6848
0 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0001 0.0009952 0.12 10.07 0.0003 0.0009928 0.18 15.07 0.0004
20 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.2954 0.0009973 83.31 93.28 0.2943 0.0009951 83 .01 97 .93 0.2932
40 0.00 10057 166.92 171.95 0.5705 0.0010035 166.33 176.37 0.5685 0.0010013 16 5.75 180.77 0.5666
60 0.0010149 250.29 255 .36 0.8287 0.0010127 249.43 259.55 0.8260 0.0010105 248.58 263.74 0.8234
80 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 1.0723 0.0010244 332.69 342 .94 1.0691 0.0010221 331.59 346.92 1.0659
100 0.0010410 417 .65 422.85 1.3034 0.0010385 416 .23 426 .62 1.2996 0.0010361 414.85 430.39 1.2958
120 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 1.5236 0.0010549 500.18 510.73 1.5191 0.0010522 498.50 514 .28 1.5148
140 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 1.7344 0.0010738 584.72 595.45 1.7293 0.0010708 582.69 598.75 1.7243
160 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 1.9374 0.0010954 670.06 681.01 l. 9316 0 .0010920 667.63 684.01 1.9259
180 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 2.1338 0.0011200 756.48 767.68 2.1271 0.0011160 753.58 770.32 2. 1206
200 0.001153 1 847.92 853.68 2.325 1 0.0011482 844.32 855 .80 2.3174 0 .0011435 840 .84 858.00 2.3100
220 0.0011868 938.39 944 .32 2.5127 0.0011809 934.01 945.82 2.5037 0.0011752 929.81 947.43 2.4951
240 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 2.6983 0.0012192 1026.2 1038.3 2.6876 0 .0012121 1021.0 1039. 2 2.6774
260 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9 2.8841 0.0012653 1121.6 1134.3 2.8710 0 .0012560 1115.1 1134.0 2.8586
280 0.0013226 1221.8 1235.0 3.0565 0.0013096 12 13.4 1233.0 3.04 10
300 0.0013980 1329.4 1343 .3 3.2488 0.0013783 1317 .6 1338.3 3.2279
320 0.0014733 1431.9 1454.0 3.4263
340 0 .00 16311 1567.9 1592.4 3.6555

P = 20 MPa (365.75°C) p 30 MPa P = 50 MPa

Sat. 0.0020378 1785.8 1826.6 4.0146
0 0.0009904 0.23 20.03 0 .0005 0.0009857 0.29 29.86 0.0003 0.0009767 0.29 49.13 - 0.0010
20 0.0009929 82 .71 102.57 0.2921 0.0009886 82 .11 111.77 0.2897 0 .0009805 80.93 129.95 0.2845
40 0.0009992 165.17 185.16 0.5646 0.0009951 164.05 193.90 0.5607 0 .0009872 161.90 211.25 0.5528
60 0.0010084 247.75 267.92 0.8208 0.0010042 246 .14 276.26 0.8156 0.0009962 243 08 292.88 0.8055
80 0.0010199 330.50 350.90 1.0627 0.00101 55 328.40 358.86 1.0564 0.0010072 324.42 374.78 1.0442
100 0.0010337 413 .50 434.17 1.2920 0.0010290 410.87 441.74 1.2847 0.0010201 405 .94 456.94 1.2705
120 0.0010496 496.85 517.84 1.5105 0.0010445 493.66 525 .00 1.5020 0.0010349 487 .69 539.43 1.4859
140 0.0010679 580.71 602 .07 1.7194 0.0010623 576.90 608.76 1.7098 0.0010517 569 .77 622.36 1.6916
160 0 .0010886 665.28 687 .05 1.9203 0.0010823 660.74 693.21 1.9094 0 .0010704 652 .33 705 .85 1.8889
180 0.0011122 750.78 773.02 2 .1143 0.0011049 745.40 778.55 2.1020 0.0010914 735.49 790.06 2.0790
200 0.0011390 837.49 860.27 2.3027 0.0011304 831.11 865.02 2.2888 0.0011149 819.45 875.19 2.2628
220 0.0011697 925.77 949 .1 6 2.4867 0.0011595 918.15 952.93 2.4707 0 .0011412 904.39 961.45 2.44 14
240 0.0012053 1016.1 1040.2 2.6676 0.0011927 1006.9 1042.7 2.6491 0 .0011708 990.55 1049.1 2.6156
260 0.0012472 1109.0 1134.0 2.8469 0.00123 14 1097.8 11 34 .7 2.8250 0.0012044 1078.2 1138.4 2.7864
280 0.0012978 1205.6 1231.5 3 .0265 0.0012770 1191.5 1229.8 3.0001 0.0012430 1167.7 1229.9 2.9547
300 0.00136 11 1307.2 1334.4 3.2091 0.0013322 1288.9 1328.9 3.1761 0.0012879 1259.6 1324.0 3. 1218
320 0 .0014450 1416.6 1445.5 3 .3996 0.0014014 1391.7 1433.7 3.3558 0 .0013409 1354.3 1421.4 3.2888
340 0.0015693 1540.2 1571 .6 3.6086 0.0014932 1502.4 1547.1 3.5438 0.0014049 1452.9 1523. 1 3.4575
360 0.0018248 1703.6 1740.1 3.8787 0.0016276 1626.8 1675.6 3.7499 0.0014848 1556.5 1630.7 3.6301
380 0.0018729 1782.0 1838.2 4 .0026 0.0015884 1667.1 1746.5 3.8102
 Appendix 1 925

TABLE A-8
Saturated ice- water va~or

Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,

m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp ., press., ice, vapor, ice, Sub I., vapor, ice, Subl., vapor, ice, Subl., vapor,
T°C Psat kPa V; Vg U; U;g Ug h; h;g hg S; S;g Sg
O.Ql 0.61169 0.001091 205.99 - 333.40 2707.9 2374.5 - 333.40 2833.9 2500.5 - 1.2202 10.374 9.154
0 0.61115 0.001091 206.17 - 333.43 2707.9 2374.5 - 333.43 2833 .9 2500.5 - 1.2204 10.375 9.154
- 2 0.51772 0 .001091 241.62 -337.63 2709.4 2371.8 - 337.63 2834.5 2496.8 - 1.2358 10.453 9.218
-4 0.43748 0.001090 283.84 - 341.80 27 10.8 2369.0 - 341.80 2835.0 2493.2 - 1.2513 10.533 9.282
-6 0.36873 0.001090 334.27 - 345.94 2712.2 2366.2 - 345.93 2835.4 2489.5 - 1.2667 10.613 9.347
-8 0.30998 0.001090 394.66 - 350.04 2713.5 2363.5 - 350.04 2835.8 2485.8 - 1.2821 10.695 9.413
- 10 0.25990 0.001089 467.17 - 354.12 2714.8 2360.7 - 354.12 2836.2 2482.1 - 1.2976 10.778 9.480
- 12 0.21732 0.001089 554.47 - 358.17 2716.1 2357.9 - 358.17 2836.6 2478.4 - 1.3130 10.862 9 .549
- 14 0.18121 0.001088 659.88 - 362.18 2717.3 2355.2 - 362. 18 2836.9 2474.7 - 1.3284 10.947 9.618
- 16 0.15068 0.001088 787 .51 - 366.17 2718.6 2352.4 - 366.17 2837.2 2471.0 - 1.3439 11.033 9.689
- 18 0.12492 0.001088 942.51 - 370.13 2719.7 2349.6 - 370.1 3 2837 .5 2467.3 - 1.3593 11. 121 9.761
- 20 0.10326 0.001087 1131.3 - 374.06 2720.9 2346.8 - 374.06 2837.7 2463.6 - 1.3748 11.209 9.835
- 22 0.08510 0.001087 1362.0 - 377.95 2722.0 2344.1 - 377 .95 2837 .9 2459.9 - 1.3903 11.300 9.909
- 24 0.06991 0.001087 1644.7 - 381.82 2723.1 2341.3 - 38 1.82 2838.1 2456.2 - 1.4057 11.391 9 .985
- 26 0.05725 0.001087 1992.2 - 385.66 2724.2 2338.5 - 385.66 2838.2 2452.5 - 1.4212 11.484 10.063
- 28 0 .04673 0.001086 2421.0 - 389.47 2725.2 2335.7 - 389.47 2838.3 2448.8 - 1.4367 11.578 10.141
- 30 0.03802 0.001086 2951.7 - 393.25 2726.2 2332.9 - 393.25 2838.4 2445.1 - 1.4521 11.673 10.221
- 32 0 .03082 0.001086 3610.9 - 397.00 2727 .2 2330.2 - 397.00 2838.4 2441.4 - 1.4676 11.770 10.303
- 34 0.02490 0.001085 4432.4 - 400.72 2728.1 2327.4 - 400.72 2838.5 2437.7 - 1.4831 11.869 10.386
- 36 0.02004 0.001085 5460.1 - 404.40 2729.0 2324.6 - 404.40 2838.4 2434.0 - 1.4986 11.969 10.470
- 38 0.01608 0.001085 6750.5 - 408.07 2729.9 2321.8 - 408.07 2838.4 2430.3 - 1.5141 12.071 10.557
- 40 0.01285 0.001084 8376.7 - 411.70 2730.7 23 19.0 - 411.70 2838.3 2426.6 - 1.5296 12. 174 10.644
 1100 - ·~ -,. "'
; . J'I!XL.L....L..."'~J I I00

......
10001 I I I I I i I l
p
1:r~.::;{-t::t--- F?i .,v<> "' f'i > r ~ 4-i I I ,' . I r 1, , 11ooo :::r
CD
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3
0
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900 :¥.~ J ,V'<~c1C'i< ' T " · / I . ..;, MLJIJl 44oo;:g;.:..;.:fl 900 '<
::I
Q)

2.
(")
800
8001 "'
I
u
700 I I I I I 700
0

1:!'
~ 6001 I '
'
J' ;q ,JOv...- ~-war .• ~ d,'\ ."i'.~oi c'·. l r ; :" ' !l+<;fi" I '--L 2YT.- +;H t=tf1yfoo'~ 600
"0.
E
~ 500

400

300 300

200 200

100 100

Entropy. kJ/kg · K

FIGURE A- 9
T-s diagram for water.
Copyright © I 984. From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/ ! by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and GeorgeS. Kell. Reproduced by permission of Row/edge/Taylor & Francis
Books, In c.
 Appendix 1 927

3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Entropy, kJ /kg · K

FIGURE A-1 0
Moll ier diagram for water.
Copyright © / 984. From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haw; JohnS. Gal/aglw; and Geo rgeS. Kell. Reproduced by p ermission of Row/edge/Taylor &
Franc is Rnn ln: ln r·
928 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-11
Saturat ed refri gerant-13 4 a-Tem (2erature t abl e
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
m 3/kg kJ/kg kJ /kg kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp. , press., li qui d, vapor, liqu id, Evap., vapor, liq uid, Evap., vapor, liqu id, Evap., vapor,
r oc P sat kPa v, Vg u, u,g Ug h, h,g hg s, s,g Sg
- 40 51.25 0.0007054 0.36081 - 0.036 207 .40 207 .37 0.000 225.86 225.86 0 .00000 0.96866 0.96866
- 38 56.86 0.0007083 0 .32732 2.475 206.04 208.51 2.515 224.6 1 227.12 0.0 1072 0.95511 0.96584
- 36 62 .95 0.0007112 0.29751 4.992 204.67 209 .66 5.037 223.35 228.39 0 .02138 0.94176 0 .963 15
- 34 69.56 0.0007 142 0 .27090 7 .517 203.29 210.81 7.566 222.09 229.65 0.03199 0.92859 0.96058
- 32 76 .71 0.0007172 0 .247 11 10.05 201. 91 211.96 10.10 220.81 230.91 0.04253 0.9 1560 0.95813
- 30 84.43 0.0007203 0.22580 12.59 200 .52 213.1 1 12.65 219.52 232.17 0 .05301 0.90278 0.95579
- 28 92.76 0.0007234 0 .20666 15 .13 199.12 214.25 15.20 218.22 233.43 0.06344 0.89012 0.95356
- 26 101.73 0.0007265 0.18946 17 .69 197 .72 215.40 17.76 2 16.92 23468 0.07382 0.87762 0.95 144
- 24 111.37 0.0007297 0 .17395 20 .25 196.30 216.55 20.33 215 .59 235.92 0.08414 0.86527 0.9494 1
- 22 121.72 0.0007329 0.15995 22.82 194.88 217.70 22.91 214.26 s237.17 0 .09441 0.85307 0.94748
- 20 132.82 0.0007362 0.14729 25 .39 193.45 218.84 25.49 212.91 23841 0 .1 0463 0.8410 1 0.94564
- 18 144.69 0.0007396 0. 13583 27.98 192 .01 219.98 28 .09 211.55 239 64 0 .1 1481 0.82908 0.94389
- 16 157.38 0.0007430 0. 12542 30.57 190.56 221.13 30.69 210.18 240.87 0.12493 0.81729 0 .94222
- 14 170.93 0.0007464 0. 11 597 33.17 189.09 222 .27 33 .30 208 .79 242.09 0.1350 1 0.80561 0.94063
- 12 185.37 0.0007499 0. 10736 35.78 187 .62 223 .40 35.92 207.38 243.30 0.14504 0.79406 0.939 11
- 10 200 .74 0 .0007535 0.099516 38.40 186.14 224.54 38.55 205 .96 244 .51 0.15504 0.78263 0.93766
-8 217.08 0.0007571 0.092352 41.03 184.64 225.67 41.19 204.52 245.72 0.16498 0.77130 0.93629
- 6 234 .44 0 .0007608 0.085802 43.66 183.13 226.80 43 .84 203 .07 246.91 0.17489 0.76008 0 .93497
-4 252 .85 0 .0007646 0.079804 46.31 181.6 1 227.92 46.50 201.60 248.10 0.18476 0.74896 0.93372
- 2 272.36 0.0007684 0.074304 48 .96 180 .08 229.04 49.17 200.11 249.28 0.19459 0.73794 0.93253
0 293.01 0.0007723 0.069255 51.63 178.53 230 .16 51.86 198.60 250 .45 0.20439 0.72701 0.93139
2 314.84 0.0007763 0.064612 54.30 176.97 231.27 54.55 197.07 251.61 0.21415 0.71616 0.93031
4 337.90 0.0007804 0 .060338 56.99 175.39 232.38 57.25 195.51 252.77 0.22387 0.70540 0.92927
6 362.23 0 .0007845 0.056398 59.68 173 .80 233.48 59.97 193.94 253 .91 0 .23356 0.69471 0.92828
8 387.88 0 .0007887 0.052762 62.39 172.19 234.58 62 .69 192 .35 255. 04 0.24323 0.68410 0.92733
10 414.89 0 .0007930 0 .049403 65.10 170.56 235.67 65.43 190.73 256.16 0.25286 0.67356 0 .92641
12 443.31 0.0007975 0.046295 67.83 168.92 236.75 68.18 189.09 257.27 0.26246 0.66308 0.92554
14 473.19 0.0008020 0.043417 70.57 167 .26 237.83 70.95 187.42 258.37 0.27204 0.65266 0.92470
16 504.58 0 .0008066 0.040748 73.32 165.58 238.90 73.73 185.73 259.46 0.28159 0.64230 0.92389
18 537.52 0.0008 113 0.038271 76.08 163.88 239 .96 76.52 184.01 260.53 0.29112 0.63 198 0.92310
 Appendix 1 929
TABLE A-11 o , "

Saturated refrig.erant-134a-Temperature table (Continued)

Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,

m31kg kJ / kg kJ /kg kJi kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp., press., li quid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid , Evap ., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
roc Psat kPa v, Vg U; Urg Ug h, h,g hg s, s,g Sg
20 572.07 0 0008161 0.035969 78 .86 162.16 241.02 79 .32 182.27 261.59 0.30063 0.62172 0.92234
22 608.27 0.00082 10 0.033828 81.64 160.42 242.06 82.14 180.49 262 .64 0.31011 0.61149 0.92160
24 646 .18 0.0008261 0.031834 84.44 158.65 243.10 84.98 178.69 263.67 0.31958 0.60130 0 .92088
26 685.84 0.0008313 0.029976 87.26 156.87 244.12 87.83 176.85 264.68 0.32903 0.59115 0.92018
28 727.31 0.0008366 0.028242 90.09 155.05 245.14 90.69 174.99 265.68 0.33846 0.58102 0.91948
30 770.64 0.0008421 0.026622 92.93 153.22 246 .14 93.58 173.08 266.66 0 .34789 0.57091 0.91879
32 815.89 0.0008478 0.025108 95.79 151.35 247.14 96.48 171.14 267.62 0.35730 0.56082 0.91811
34 863.11 0.0008536 0.023691 98.66 149.46 248.12 99.40 169.17 268.57 0.36670 0.55074 0.91743
36 912.35 0 .0008595 0.022364 101.55 147.54 249.08 102.33 167.16 269.49 0.37609 0.54066 0.91675
38 963.68 0.0008657 0.021119 104.45 145.58 250.04 105.29 165 .10 270.39 0.38548 0.53058 0.91606
40 1017.1 0.0008720 0.019952 107.38 143.60 250.97 108.26 163.00 271.27 0.39486 0.52049 0.91536
42 1072.8 0.0008786 0.018855 110.32 141.58 251.89 111.26 160.86 272.12 0.40425 0.51039 0.91464
44 1130.7 0 .0008854 0.017824 113.28 139.52 252.80 114.28 158.67 272.95 0.41363 0.50027 0.91391
46 1191.0 0.0008924 0.016853 11 6 .26 137.42 253.68 117.32 156.43 273.75 0.42302 0.49012 0.91315
48 1253.6 0.0008996 0.015939 119.26 135.29 254.55 120.39 154.14 274.53 0.43242 0.47993 0.91236
52 1386.2 0.0009150 0.014265 125.33 130.88 256.21 126.59 149.39 275.98 0.45126 0.45941 0.91067
56 1529.1 0.0009317 0.012771 131.49 126.28 257.77 132.91 144.38 277.30 0.47018 0.43863 0.90880
60 1682 .8 0.0009498 0.011434 137.76 121.46 259.22 139.36 139.10 278.46 0.48920 0.41749 0.90669
65 1891.0 0.0009750 0.009950 145.77 115.05 260.82 147.62 132.02 279.64 0.51320 0.39039 0.90359
70 2118.2 0.0010037 0.008642 154.01 108.14 262.15 156.13 124.32 280.46 0.53755 0.36227 0 .89982
75 2365.8 0.0010372 0.007480 162.53 100.60 263.13 164.98 115.85 280.82 0.56241 0.33272 0.89512
80 2635.3 0.0010772 0.006436 171.40 92.23 263.63 174.24 106.35 280.59 0.58800 0.30111 0.88912
85 2928.2 0.0011270 0.005486 180.77 82 .67 263.44 184.07 95.44 279 .51 0.61473 0.26644 0.88117
90 3246.9 0.0011932 0 .004599 190.89 71.29 262.18 194.76 82.35 277.11 0.64336 0.22674 0.87010
95 3594.1 0.00 12933 0.003726 202.40 56.47 258.87 207.05 65.21 272.26 0.67578 0.17711 0.85289
100 3975.1 0.0015269 0.002630 218.72 29.19 247.91 224.79 33 .58 258.37 0.72217 0.08999 0.81215

Source: Tables A-ll through A- 13 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado.
The routine used ir ca lculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner-Roth and H.D. Baehr, "An
International StanGlrd Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1 ,1, 1,2-Tetra f luoroethane (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K
and Pressures up b 70 MPa ," J. Phys. Chern, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero at
- 4ooc (and - 40' '1.
930 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-12
Saturated refrigerant-134a-Pressure table
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
m3 /kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Press., temp ., li quid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap ., vapor, liquid , Evap., vapor,
P kPa Tsat °C v1 Vg u, h, h,g hg s, s,g Sg

60 - 36 .95 0.0007098 0.31121 3.798 205.32 209 .1 2 3.841 223.95 227.79 0.01634 0.94807 0 .96441
70 - 33.87 0.0007144 0.26929 7.680 203.20 210 .88 7.730 222.00 229.73 0.03267 0.92775 0 .96042
80 -3 1.13 0.0007185 0.23753 11.15 201.30 212.46 11.21 220.25 231.46 0.04711 0 .90999 0 .95710
90 - 28 .65 0.0007223 0.21263 14.31 199.57 2 13.88 14.37 2 18.65 233 .02 0.06008 0.89419 0.95427
100 - 26 .37 0.0007259 0.19254 17 .21 197 .98 215.19 17. 28 217.16 234.44 0.07188 0 .87995 0.95 183
120 - 22.32 0.0007324 0.16212 22.40 195.11 217.51 22.49 214.48 236.97 0.09275 0.85503 0.94779
140 -18 .77 0.0007383 0.14014 26.98 192 .57 219.54 27 .08 212.08 239 .16 0.11087 0.83368 0.94456
160 - 15 .60 0.0007437 0.12348 31.09 190.27 221.35 3 1. 21 209.90 241.11 0.12693 0.81496 0.94190
180 - 12.73 0.0007487 0.11041 34.83 188.16 222 .99 34.97 207.90 242.86 0.14139 0.79826 0 .93965
200 - 10.09 0.0007533 0.099867 38.28 186.21 224 .48 38.43 206 .03 244.46 0. 15457 0.78316 0.93773
240 - 5.38 0.0007620 0 .083897 44.48 182.67 227.14 44.66 202.62 247.28 0.17794 0 .75664 0 .93458
280 - 1.25 0.0007699 0.072352 49.97 179.50 229 .46 50.18 199.54 249.72 0. 19829 0.73381 0 .932 10
320 2.46 0.0007772 0.063604 54.92 176.61 231.52 55.16 196.71 251.88 0.21637 0.71369 0.93006
360 5.82 0.0007841 0.056738 59.44 173.94 233.38 59.72 194.08 253.81 0.23270 0.69566 0.92836
400 8.91 0.0007907 0.051201 63.62 171.45 235.07 63.94 191.62 255.55 0.24761 0.67929 0 .92691
450 12.46 0 0007985 0.045619 68.45 168.54 237.00 68.81 188.71 257.53 0.26465 0.66069 0. 92535
500 15.71 0.0008059 0.041118 72.93 165.82 238.75 73.33 185.98 259.30 0.28023 0.64377 0.92400
550 18.73 0.0008130 0.037408 77.10 163.25 240.35 77 .54 183.38 260 .92 0.29461 0.62821 0 .92282
600 21.55 0.0008199 0.034295 81.02 160.81 24 1.83 81.51 180.90 262 .40 0.30799 0 .61378 0 .92 177
650 24.20 0.0008266 0.031646 84.72 158.48 243.20 85.26 178. 51 263.77 0.32051 0.60030 0 .92081
700 26.69 0.0008331 0.029361 88.24 156.24 244.48 88.82 176.21 265.03 0.33230 0 .58763 0 .9 1994
750 29.06 0.0008395 0.027371 91.59 154.08 245 .67 92 .22 173.98 266 .20 0.34345 0.57567 0 .9 191 2
800 31.31 0 0008458 0.025621 94.79 152.00 246.79 95.47 171.82 267.29 0.35404 0.5643 1 0 .91835
850 33.45 0.0008520 0.024069 97.87 149.98 247.85 98.60 169.71 268.31 0.36413 0 .55349 0 .9 1762
900 35.51 0.0008580 0.022683 100.83 148.01 248.85 101.61 167.66 269 .26 0.37377 0.54315 0 .91692
950 37.48 0.0008641 0 .021438 103.69 146.10 249.79 104.51 165.64 270 .15 0.38301 0.53323 0.91624
1000 39.37 0.0008700 0.020313 106.45 144. 23 250 .68 107.32 163.67 270.99 0.39189 0.52368 0.91558
1200 46 .29 0.0008934 0.016715 116.70 137 .11 253.8 1 117.77 156.10 273.87 0.42441 0.48863 0.91303
1400 52.40 0.0009166 0.014107 125.94 130.43 256.37 127 .22 148.90 276 .12 0.45315 0.45734 0. 91050
1600 57.88 0.0009400 0 .012123 134.43 124.04 258 .47 135.93 141.93 277.86 0.47911 0.42873 0. 90784
1800 62 .87 0.0009639 0.010559 142.33 117.83 260.17 144.07 135.11 279.17 0.50294 0.40204 0.90498
2000 67 .4 5 0.0009886 0.009288 149.78 111.73 261.51 151.76 128.33 280.09 0.52509 0.37675 0.90184
2500 77.54 0.0010566 0 .006936 166.99 96.47 263.45 169.63 111.16 280 .79 0.57531 0.31695 0.89226
3000 86.16 0.0011406 0.005275 183.04 80.22 263.26 186.46 92 .63 279.09 0.621 18 0.25776 0.87894
 Appendix 1 931

TABLE A-13
Superheated refri gera nt -134a
T v u h 5 v u h 5 v u h s
oc m 3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K m 3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K m 3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K
p 0.06 MPa (Tsat = 36.95°Cl p 0.10 MPa (Tsat 26.3JOCJ P = 0.14 MPa (T,,1 = 18.7JOCJ
Sat. 0.31121 209. 12 227.79 0.9644 0.19254 2 15.19 234.44 0.9518 0 .14014 219.54 239.16 0.9446
- 20 0.33608 220.60 240.76 1.0174 0.19841 219.66 239 .50 0.9721
- 10 0.35048 227.55 248.58 1.0477 0.20743 226 .75 247.49 1.0030 0.14605 225.91 246.36 0.9724
0 0.36476 234.66 256.54 1.0774 0. 2 1630 233.95 255.58 1.0332 0.15263 233 .23 254.60 1.0031
10 0 .37893 241.92 264.66 1.1066 0. 22506 241.30 263.81 1.0628 0.15908 240.66 262.93 1.0331
20 0.39302 249.35 272.94 1.1353 0 .23373 248.79 272.17 1.0918 0.16544 248.22 271.38 1.0624
30 0.40705 256.95 281.37 1.1636 0. 24233 256.44 280.68 1.1203 0.17172 255.93 279.97 1.0912
40 0.42102 264.71 289 .97 1.1915 0.25088 264.25 289.34 1.1484 0.17794 263.79 288.70 1.1195
50 0.43495 272 .64 298.74 1. 2 191 0.2 5937 2 72 .2 2 298.16 1.1762 0.18412 271.79 297.57 1.1474
60 0.44883 280.73 307.66 1.2463 0.26783 280.35 307.13 1. 2035 0.19025 279.96 306 .59 1.1749
70 0.46269 288.99 316.75 1.2732 0. 2 76 26 288.64 316.26 1. 2305 0.19635 288.28 3 15.77 1.2020
80 0.47651 297.41 326.00 1.2997 0.28465 297.08 325.55 1.2572 0.20242 296.75 325.09 1. 2288
90 0.49032 30600 335.42 1.3260 0.29303 305.69 334.99 1.2836 0 .20847 305.38 334.57 1.2553
100 0.50410 314.74 344.99 1.3520 0.30138 314.46 344.60 1.3096 0.21449 314.17 344.20 1.2814
p 0.18 MPa (Tsat = 12.73°C) p 0.20 MPa (T,,1 10.09°C) P = 0.24 MPa (T,,1 5.38°C)
Sat. 0.11041 222.99 242.86 0 .9397 0.09987 224.48 244.46 0.9377 0.08390 227 .14 247.28 0.9346
- 10 0.11189 225.02 245 .16 0.9484 0.09991 224.55 244.54 0 .9380
0 0.11722 232.48 253.58 0 .9798 0.10481 232.09 253.05 0.9698 0.08617 231.29 251.97 0.9519
10 0.12240 240.00 262.04 1.0102 0.10955 239 .67 261.58 1.0004 0.09026 238.98 260.65 0.9831
20 0.12748 247.64 270 .59 1.0399 0.11418 247.35 270.18 1.0303 0.09423 246.74 269.36 1.0134
30 0.13248 255.41 279.25 1.0690 0.11874 255.14 278.89 1.0595 0.09812 254 .61 278.16 1.0429
40 0.13741 263.31 288.05 1.0975 0.12322 263 .08 287.72 1.0882 0.10193 262.59 287.06 1.0718
50 0.14230 271.36 296 .98 1.1256 0.12766 271.15 296.68 1.1163 0.10570 270.71 296 .08 1.1001
60 0.14715 279.56 306.05 1.1532 0.13206 279.37 305.78 1.1441 0.10942 278.97 305.23 1.1280
70 0.15196 287.91 315.27 1.1805 0.1364 1 287.73 315.01 1.1714 0.11310 287 .36 314.51 1.1554
80 0.15673 296.42 324.63 1.2074 0.14074 296.25 324 .40 1.1983 0.11675 295.91 323.93 1.1825
90 0.16149 305.07 334.14 1.2339 0.14504 304.92 333.93 1.2249 0 .12038 304.60 333.49 1.2092
100 0.16622 313.88 343 .80 1.2602 0.14933 313 .74 343.60 1. 251 2 0.12398 313.44 343.20 1.2356
p 0.28 MPa ( T,,1 1.25°C) p 0.32 MPa ( T, 1 2.46°C) p 0.40 MPa ( f,.1 8.91 °C)
Sat. 0 .07235 229.46 249.72 0.9321 0.06360 231.52 251.88 0.9301 0.051201 235.07 255.55 0.9269
0 0.07282 230.44 250.83 0.9362
10 0.07646 238.27 259.68 0.9680 0.06609 237.54 258.69 0.9544 0.051506 235.97 256.58 0.9305
20 0.07997 246 .1 3 268.52 0.9987 0.06925 245.50 267.66 0.9856 0.054213 244.18 265.86 0.9628
30 0.08338 254.06 277.41 1.0285 0.0723 1 253.50 276.65 1.0157 0.056796 252.36 275.07 0.9937
40 0 .08672 262.10 286.38 1.0576 0.07530 261.60 285.70 1.0451 0.059292 260 .58 284.30 1.0236
50 0 .09000 270.27 295.47 1.0862 0.07823 269.82 294.85 1.0739 0 .061724 268.90 293 .59 1.0528
60 0.09324 278.56 304 .67 1.1142 0.08111 278.15 304.11 1.1021 0 .064104 277.32 302 .96 1.0814
70 0.09644 286.99 314.00 1.1418 0.08395 286 .62 313.48 1.1298 0 .066443 285.86 312.44 1.1094
80 0.09961 295.57 323 .46 1.1690 0 .08675 295.22 322.98 1.1571 0.068747 294.53 322.02 1.1369
90 0 .1 0275 304.29 333.06 1.1958 0.08953 303 .97 332.62 1.1840 0.071023 303.3 2 331.73 1.1640
100 0 .10587 313.15 342.80 1. 2222 0.09229 312.86 342.39 1.2105 0.073274 312.26 341.57 1.1907
110 0. 10897 322.16 352.68 1. 2483 0.09503 321.89 352.30 1.2367 0.075504 321.33 351.53 1.2171
120 0.11205 331.32 362.70 1.2742 0.09775 331.07 362.35 1.2626 0 .077717 330.55 361.63 1. 2431
130 0.11512 340.63 372 .87 1.2997 0 .1 0045 340.39 372.54 1. 2882 0.079913 339.90 371.87 1.2688
140 0 .11 818 350.09 383.18 1.3250 0. 10314 349 .86 382.87 1.3135 0.082096 349.41 382.24 1. 2942
932 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-13
Superheated refrigerant - 13 4a (Contmued)
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
oc m 3/ kg kJ/ kg kJ/kg kJ /kg · K m 3/kg kJ /kg kJ/kg kJ /kg · K m 3/kg kJ /kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K

p = 0.50 MPa (T,.1 15.71 °C) P = 0.60 MPa (T, 1 = 21.55°C) P = 0. 70 MPa ( Tsat = 26.69. C)
Sat. 0.041118 238.75 259 .30 0.9240 0.034295 241.83 262.40 0.9218 0.02936 1 244 .48 265.03 0 .9 199
20 0.042 115 242.40 263.46 0.9383
30 0.044338 250.84 273.01 0.9703 0 .035984 249.22 270.81 0.9499 0 .029966 24 7.48 268.45 0 .93 13
40 0 .046456 259 .26 282.48 1.0011 0.037865 257.86 280.58 0.98 16 0.031696 256.39 278.57 0. 9641
50 0.048499 267.72 291.96 1. 0309 0 .039659 266.48 290.28 1. 012 1 0 .033322 265.20 288.53 0 .9954
60 0.050485 276.25 301.50 1. 0599 0.04 1389 275.15 299.98 1.04 17 0.03 4875 27 4.01 298.42 1.0256
70 0 .052427 284.89 311 .10 1. 0883 0.043069 283.89 309.73 1.0705 0 .036373 282.87 308.33 1.0549
80 0 .054331 293 .64 320.80 1.11 62 0.044710 292.73 319.55 1. 0987 0 .037829 29 1.80 318.28 1.0835
90 0.056205 302 .51 330.61 1.1 436 0.046318 301.67 329.46 1.1 264 0.039250 300.82 328.29 1.11 14
100 0.058053 311.50 340.53 1.1 705 0.047900 3 10.73 339. 47 1.1 536 0 .040642 309.95 338.40 1.1 389
11 0 0.059880 320 .63 350.57 1. 1971 0.049458 319.91 349.59 1.1 803 0.0420 10 3 19. 19 348.60 1.1 658
120 0.061687 329.89 360 .73 1.2233 0.050997 32923 359.82 1.2067 0.043358 328.55 358 .90 1.1 924
130 0.063479 339 .29 371.03 1.2491 0.052519 338.67 370.18 1.2327 0.044688 338.04 369.32 1.2 186
140 0.065256 348.83 381.46 1.2747 0.054027 348.25 380.66 1.2584 0.046004 347.66 379.86 1.2444
150 0 .067021 358.51 392.02 1.2999 0.055522 357.96 391.27 1.2838 0 .047306 357.4 1 390.52 1.2699
160 0.068775 368.33 402.72 1.3249 0.057006 367.81 402.01 1.3088 0 .048597 367.29 401.3 1 1.295 1

p = 0.80 MPa (T,.1 31.31 · cJ p 0.90 MPa (T" 1 = 35 .51 •c) P = 1.00 MPa ( T,.1 = 39.3JOC)
Sat. 0.025621 246.79 267.29 0.9183 0.022683 248.85 269.26 0.9169 0.0203 13 250.68 270.99 0 .9156
40 0 .027035 254.82 276.45 0.9480 0 .023375 253 .1 3 27 4.17 0 .9327 0 .020406 251.30 271.7 1 0 .9179
50 0 .028547 263 .86 286.69 0.9802 0 .024809 262.44 284.77 0 .9660 0 .021796 260.94 282.74 0. 9525
60 0.029973 272.83 296 .81 1.0110 0.026146 271.60 295.13 0.9976 0 .023068 270.32 293 .38 0 .9850
70 0.031340 281.8 1 306.88 1.0408 0.027413 280.72 305.39 1.0280 0.024261 279.59 303 .85 1.0 160
80 0.032659 290.84 316 .97 1.0698 0.028630 289.86 315.63 1.0574 0.025398 288.86 314.25 1.0458
90 0 .033941 299.95 327 .10 1.0981 0.029806 299.06 325.89 1.0860 0.026492 298.15 324.64 1. 07 48
100 0.035 193 309 .15 337.30 1.1258 0.030951 308.34 336.19 1.1 140 0.027552 307.5 1 335.06 1.1 031
110 0 .036420 318.45 347.59 1.1530 0.032068 317.70 346.56 1.1414 0 .028584 3 16.94 345.53 1.1 308
120 0.037625 327.87 357.97 1.1798 0.033 164 327.18 357 02 1.1684 0.029592 326.47 356.06 1.1 580
130 0.0388 13 337.40 368.45 1.2061 0.034241 336.76 367.58 1.1949 0 .030581 336.1 1 366.69 1.1846
140 0 .039985 347.06 379.05 1.2321 0.035302 346.46 378.23 1.22 10 0.031554 345.85 377.40 1.2 109
150 0.041143 356 .85 389.76 1.2577 0.036349 356.28 389.00 1.2467 0.032512 355.7 1 388.22 1.2368
160 0.042290 366 .76 400.59 1.2830 0.037384 366.23 399.88 1.2721 0.033457 365.70 399.15 1.2623
170 0.043427 376.81 411.55 1.3080 0.038408 376.31 410.88 1.2972 0.034392 375.8 1 410 .20 1.2875
180 0.044554 386.99 422.64 1.3327 0.039423 386 .52 422 .00 1.322 1 0.035317 386.04 421.36 1.3 124

P = 1.20 MPa (Tsat = 46.29°C) P = 1.40 MPa (Tsat = 52.4o•cJ P = 1.60 MPa ( r,.1 = 57.88°C)
Sat. 0.016715 253 .81 273.87 0.9130 0.014107 256.37 276. 12 0.9 105 0.0 12 123 258.47 277.86 0.9078
50 0.01720 1 257.63 278.27 0.9267
60 0 .018404 267.56 289 .64 0.9614 0.015005 264.46 285.47 0.9389 0 .0 12372 260.89 280.69 0.9163
70 0.019502 277.21 300 .6 1 0.9938 0.016060 274.62 297.10 0 .9733 0.0 13430 27 1. 76 293.25 0.9535
80 0.020529 286.75 311.39 1.0248 0.017023 284.51 308.34 1.0056 0 .0 14362 282.09 305.07 0.9875
90 0.021506 296.26 322 .07 1.0546 0.017923 294 .28 319.37 1.0364 0 .0152 15 292.17 3 16.52 1.0194
100 0.022442 305.80 332 .73 1.0836 0.018778 304.01 330.30 1. 0661 0.0160 14 302.1 4 327.76 1.0500
110 0 .023348 3 15.38 343 .40 1.1118 0.0 19597 313.76 341.1 9 1. 0949 0.0 16773 3 12.07 338.91 1.0795
120 0.024228 325 .03 354.11 1.1394 0.020388 323.55 352.09 1.1230 0.0 17500 322. 0 2 350.02 1.108 1
130 0.025086 334.77 364 .88 1.1664 0.02 11 55 333.41 363.02 1.1504 0.018201 332 .00 36 1.1 2 1. 1360
140 0.025927 344.61 375 .72 1.1930 0 .02 1904 343 .34 374.01 1.1773 0.0 18882 342. 0 5 372.26 1.1632
150 0.026753 354.56 386 .66 1. 2192 0.022636 353 .37 385.D7 1.2038 0.019545 352 .1 7 383.44 1.1900
160 0.027566 364.6 1 397 .69 1.2449 0.023355 363.51 396.20 1. 2298 0.020 194 362 .38 394.69 1. 2163
170 0.028367 37 4.78 408.82 1. 2703 0.024061 373.75 407. 43 1.2554 0.020830 372 .69 406.02 1. 242 1
180 0.029 158 385.08 420.07 1. 2954 0.024757 384. 10 418.76 1. 2807 0.02 1456 383 . 11 417.44 1. 2676
 Appendix 1 933
750
20

10
10

0.2
0.2

0.1

0.04

0.02

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

FIGURE A-14
P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a.

Nole: The reference point used for the chart is different than that used in the R- 134a tables. Therefore, probl ems should be solved usin g all propert y data
either from the tables or from the chart, but not from both.

Repri111ed by permission ofAmerican Sociely of Heating, R~fi"igerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, In c., Atlanta, GA.
934 Thermodynamics
(a) Low press ures. 0 < P8 < 1.0

'5! C

•
1.0
I\ ;o; ~

~(
!-.";; ~:;'
09
~
t';l
\ :·1

0.8 ;'.'
rm:s.,
~~ ~ Qt
II NOTE .,. -2.5 Z • I.OO
N 0.7 '
T, 15 • T,- 3.00
~ ···DEV IATION> 10';; 11
G
.::

-
~ NELSON OBERT
~ 0.6 GENERA LI ZED 1.()(}

~
li~
COMPRESS IBILITY C HI\RTS
~ I'
8 0. s REDUCEDI'R I'..~SlJRE. PR-- p~ r
.,. CII A R'I
RIJ)UCI:I) TI ·~'I PI~RATLI RI'. , 7~ = 'J ~r No. .z "'"
PSI:UOO KED UCFD VOl .l MJ•_, v =
v
I
++ "'
JHO
H NT.:rl r'cr
0.4 1.71
I

11•111 P,

0.3
0. 0. 1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.(

Rl DLJCU ) PRESSURE. PR

(b) In te rmedi ate prc~\ urcs. 0 < PH < 7

I.

I.

NELSON OBERT
GENERALIZED
COM PR ESS IBILITY CIIARTS
p
0.40 R~l>ti(H)PIII:..~S l.'ltf, f'N • }'

RI:J>t"nJ)fi!MI'I,IIATUU 1~ • /~,
" ,. CHA RT
No.
2
P'>I· LI I)OREDlJ("FDVOIU~ll V11 • .
0.30

0.20
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.5 4 .0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
REDUCED PRESSURE, P
R

FIGURE A-15
Nelson- Obert generali zed compress ibility chart.
 Appemlix l 935

TABLE A-lG
Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude
Speed of Thermal
Altitude , Temperature, Pressure , Gravity Sound, Density, Viscosity Conductivity,
m oc kPa g, m/s2 m/s kg/m 3 J.L, kg/m · s W/m · K

0 15.00 101.33 9 .807 340.3 1.225 1. 789 X 10- 5 0.0253

200 13.70 98.95 9 .806 339.5 1.202 1.783 X 10- 5 0.0252
400 12.40 96.61 9.805 338.8 1.179 1.777 X 10- 5 0.0252
600 11.10 94.32 9.805 338.0 1.156 1.771 X 10- 5 0.0251
800 9 .80 92.08 9 .804 337.2 1.134 1. 764 X 10- 5 0.0250
1000 8.50 89.88 9.804 336.4 1.112 1. 758 X 10- 5 0 .0249
1200 7.20 87.72 9.803 335.7 1.090 1.752 X 10 5 0.0248
1400 5.90 85.60 9 .802 334.9 1.069 1.745 X 10- 5 0.0247
1600 4.60 83 .53 9 .802 334.1 1.048 1.739 X 10- 5 0.0245
1800 3.30 81.49 9 .801 333.3 1.027 1.732 X 10- 5 0.0244
2000 2.00 79.50 9.800 332.5 1.007 1.726 X 1Q- 5 0.0243
2200 0.70 77 .55 9.800 331.7 0 .987 1.720 X 10- 5
2400 0 .0242
- 0 .59 75.63 9 .799 331.0 0.967 1.713 X 10-5
2600 0.0241
-1.89 73 .76 9 .799 330 .2 0.947 1.707 X 10- 5
2800 0.0240
- 3 .19 71 .92 9 .798 3 29 .4 0 .928 1.700 X 10- 5 0.0239
3000 - 4.49 70.12 9 .797 328.6 0.909 1.694 X 10- 5
3200 0.0238
-5.79 68.36 9 .797 327 .8 0 .891 1.687 X 10- 5 0.0237
3400 -7.09 66.63 9.796 327.0 0 .872 1.681 X 10- 5 0.0236
3600 -8.39 64.94 9.796 326.2 0.854 1.674 X 10- 5 0 .0235
3800 - 9.69 63.28 9 .795 325.4 0 .837 1.668 X 10 5 0.0234
4000 - 10.98 61 .66 9 .794 324.6 0 .819 1.661 X 10- 5 0.0233
4200 -12.3 60.07 9 .794 323.8 0.802 1.655 X 10- 5 0 .0232
4400 -13 .6 58.52 9.793 323 .0 0.785 1.648 X 10- 5 0.0231
4600 -14.9 57.00 9.793 322.2 0.769 1.642 X 10- 5 0.0230
4800 -16.2 55.51 9.792 3 2 1.4 0.752 1.635 X 10 5 0.0229
5000 - 17.5 54.05 9.791 320.5 0.736 1.628 X 10- 5 0 .0228
5200 - 18.8 52.62 9 .791 319.7 0.721 1.622 X 10- 5 0.0227
5400 - 20.1 51.23 9.790 318.9 0 .705 1.615 X I0- 5 0.0226
5600 - 2 1.4 49.86 9 .789 318.1 0.690 1.608 X 10- 5 0 .0224
5800 -22.7 48.52 9.785 317.3 0.675 1.602 X 10- 5 0.0223
6000 - 24.0 47 .22 9.788 316.5 0 .660 1.595 X 10- 5 0.0222
6200 - 25.3 45.94 9 .788 315.6 0 .646 1.588 X 10-s 0.0221
6400 - 26.6 44.69 9.787 314.8 0 .631 1.582 X 10- 5 0.0220
6600 - 27.9 43.47 9.786 314.0 0 .617 1.575 X 10- 5 0 .02 19
6800 - 29.2 42.27 9.785 313.1 0.604 1.568 X 10- 5 0 .0218
7000 - 30 .5 4 1.11 9 .785 3 12 .3 0 .590 1.561 X 10- 5 0.0217
8000 - 36.9 35 .65 9.782 308.1 0 .526 1.527 X 10- 5 0.0212
9000 -43.4 30.80 9.779 303.8 0.467 1.493 X 10- 5 0.0206
10,000 -49.9 26.50 9 .776 299 .5 0.414 1.458 X 10- 5 0.0201
12,000 - 56.5 19.40 9.770 295.1 0 .312 1.422 X 10- 5 0 .0195
14,000 - 56.5 14.17 9.764 295.1 0.228 1.422 X 10- 5 0.0195
16,000 -56.5 10.53 9.758 295.1 0.166 1.422 X 10- 5 0 .0195
18,000 - 56.5 7.57 9 .75 1 295.1 0 .122 1.422 X 10- 5 0.0195
Source: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Based on year-round mean conditions at 45° latitude and varies with
the t ime of t he year and t he weather patterns. The condit ions at sea level (z = 0) are taken to be P = 101.325 kPa, T = 15°C, p = 1.2250 kgim 3 ,
g = 9 .80665 m 2/s.
936 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-17 .
Ideal-gas properties of air
T h u so T h u so
K kJ/kg P, kJ/kg v, kJ/kg · K K kJ /kg kJ/kg v, kJ/kg · K
P,
200 199.97 0 .3363 142.56 1707.0 1.29559 580 586.04 14.38 419.55 115.7 2.37348
210 209.97 0.3987 149.69 1512.0 1.34444 590 596.52 15.31 427.15 110.6 2.39140
220 219.97 0.4690 156.82 1346.0 1.39105 600 607.02 16.28 434.78 105.8 2.40902
230 230.02 0.5477 164.00 1205.0 1.43557 610 617.53 17.30 442.42 101.2 2.42644
240 240.02 0.6355 171.13 1084.0 1.47824 620 628.07 18.36 96.92 2.44356
450.09
250 250.05 0.7329 178.28 979.0 1.51917 630 638.63 19.84 457 .78 92.84 2.46048
260 260.09 0.8405 185.45 887.8 1.55848 640 649.22 20.64 88.99 2.47716
465.50
270 270.11 0.9590 192.60 808.0 1.59634 650 659.84 21.86 85.34 2.49364
473.25
280 280.13 1.0889 199.75 738.0 1.63279 660 670.47 23.13 481.01 81.89 2.50985
285 285.14 1.1584 203.33 706.1 1.65055 670 681.14 24.46 488.81 78.61 2.52589
290 290.16 1.2311 206.91 676.1 1.66802 680 691.82 25.85 496.62 75.50 2.54175
295 295.17 1.3068 210.49 647.9 1.68515 690 702.52 27.29 72.56 2.55731
504.45
298 298.18 1.3543 212.64 631.9 1.69528 700 713.27 28.80 69.76 2.57277
512.33
300 300.19 1.3860 214.07 621.2 1. 70203 710 724.04 30.38 67.07 2.58810
520.23
305 305.22 1.4686 217.67 596.0 1.71865 720 734.82 32.02 528.14 64.53 2.60319
310 310.24 1.5546 221.25 572.3 1.73498 730 745.62 33.72 536.07 62.13 2.61803
315 315.27 1.6442 224.85 549.8 1.75106 740 756.44 59.82 2.63280
35.50 544.02
320 320.29 1.7375 228.42 528.6 1.76690 750 767.29 37.35 551.99 57.63 2.64737
325 325.31 1.8345 232.02 508.4 1.78249 760 778.18 39.27 560.01 55.54 2.66176
330 330.34 1.9352 235.61 489.4 1.79783 780 800.03 43.35 576.12 51.64 2.69013
340 340.42 2.149 242.82 454.1 1.82 790 800 821.95 47.75 48.08 2.71787
592.30
350 350.49 2.379 250.02 422.2 1.85708 820 843.98 52.59 44.84 2.74504
608.59
360 360.58 2.626 257.24 393.4 1.88543 840 866.08 57.60 624.95 41.85 2.77170
370 370.67 2.892 264.46 367.2 1.91313 860 888.27 63.09 641.40 39.12 2.79783
380 380.77 3.176 271.69 343.4 1.94001 880 910.56 68.98 657.95 36.61 2.82344
390 390.88 3.481 278.93 321.5 1.96633 900 932.93 75.29 674.58 34.31 2.84856
400 400.98 3.806 286.16 301.6 1.99194 920 955.38 82.05 32.18 2.87324
691.28
410 411.12 4.153 293.43 283 .3 2.01699 940 977.92 89.28 708.08 30.22 2.89748
420 421.26 4.522 300.69 266.6 2.04142 960 1000.55 97.00 725.02 28.40 2.92128
430 431.43 4.915 307.99 251.1 2.06533 980 1023.25 105.2 741.98 26.73 2.94468
440 441.61 5.332 315.30 236.8 2.08870 1000 1046.04 114.0 758.94 25.17 2.96770
450 451.80 5.775 322.62 223.6 2.11161 1020 1068.89 123.4 776 .10 23.72 2.99034
460 462 .02 6.245 329.97 211 .4 2.13407 1040 1091.85 133.3 23.29 3.01260
793.36
470 472.24 6.742 337.32 200.1 2.15604 1060 1114.86 143.9 810.62 21.14 3.03449
480 482.49 7.268 344.70 189.5 2.17760 1080 1137.89 155.2 827.88 19.98 3.05608
490 492.74 7.824 352.08 179.7 2.19876 1100 1161.07 167.1 845.33 18.896 3.07732
500 503 .02 8.411 359.49 170.6 2.21952 1120 1184.28 179.7 862.79 17.886 3.09825
510 513.32 9.031 366.92 162.1 2.23993 1140 1207.57 193.1 880.35 16.946 3.11883
520 523.63 9.684 374.36 154.1 2.25997 1160 1230.92 207.2 897.91 16.064 3.13916
530 533.98 10.37 381.84 146.7 2.27967 1180 1254.34 222.2 15.241 3.15916
915.57
540 544.35 11.10 389.34 139.7 2.29906 1200 1277.79 238.0 14.470 3.17888
933.33
550 555.74 11.86 396.86 133.1 2.31809 1220 1301.31 254.7 951.09 13.747 3.19834
560 565 .17 12.66 404.42 127 .0 2.33685 1240 1324.93 272.3 968.95 13.069 3.21751
570 575.59 13.50 411.97 121.2 2.35531
 Appendix 1 937
TABLE A-17
Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded)
T h u so T h u so
K kJ/kg P, kJ/kg v, kJ/kg · K K kJ /kg P, kJ/kg v, kJ/kg · K
1260 1348.55 290.8 986.90 12.435 3.23638 1600 1757.57 791.2 1298.30 5.804 3.52364
1280 1372.24 310.4 1004.76 11.835 3.25510 1620 1782.00 834.1 1316.96 5.574 3.53879
1300 1395.97 330.9 1022.82 11. 275 3.27345 1640 1806.46 878.9 1335.72 5.355 3.55381
1320 1419.76 352.5 1040.88 10.747 3.29160 1660 1830.96 925.6 1354.48 5.147 3.56867
1340 1443.60 375.3 1058.94 10.247 3.30959 1680 1855.50 974.2 1373.24 4.949 3.58335
1360 1467.49 399.1 1077.10 9.780 3.32724 1700 1880.1 1025 1392.7 4.761 3.5979
1380 1491.44 424.2 1095.26 9.337 3.34474 1750 1941.6 1161 1439.8 4.328 3.6336
1400 1515 .42 450.5 1113.52 8.919 3.36200 1800 2003.3 1310 1487.2 3.994 3.6684
1420 1539.44 478.0 1131.77 8.526 3.37901 1850 2065.3 1475 1534.9 3.601 3.7023
1440 1563.51 506.9 1150.13 8.153 3.39586 1900 2127.4 1655 1582.6 3.295 3.7354
1460 1587 .63 537.1 1168.49 7.801 3.41247 1950 2189.7 1852 1630.6 3.022 3.7677
1480 1611 .79 568.8 1186.95 7.468 3.42892 2000 2252.1 2068 1678.7 2.776 3.7994
1500 1635.97 601.9 1205.41 7.152 3.44516 2050 23 14.6 2303 1726.8 2.555 3.8303
1520 1660.23 636.5 1223.87 6.854 3.46120 2100 2377.7 2559 1775.3 2.356 3.8605
1540 1684.51 672.8 1242.43 6.569 3.47712 2150 2440.3 2837 1823.8 2.175 3.8901
1560 1708.82 710.5 1260.99 6.301 3.49276 2200 2503.2 3138 1872.4 2.012 3.9191
1580 1733.17 750.0 1279.65 6.046 3.50829 2250 2566.4 3464 1921.3 1.864 3.9474
Note: The properties P, (relative pressure) and v, (relative speci fi c volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and
should not be confused with the properties pressure and spec ific volume.
Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed . (New York: McGraw-Hill , 1983), pp. 785- 86, table A-5. Original ly published in J. H. Keenan and
J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948).
938 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-18
Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2
T h u so T h u so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol· K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol· K
0 0 0 0 600 17,563 12,574 212.066
220 6,391 4,562 182.639 610 17,864 12,792 212.564
230 6,683 4,770 183.938 620 18,166 13,011 213.055
240 6,975 4,979 185.180 630 18,468 13,230 213.541
250 7,266 5,188 186.370 640 18,772 13,450 214.018
260 7,558 5,396 187.5 14 650 19,075 13,671 214.489
270 7,849 5,604 188.6 14 660 19,380 13,892 214.954
280 8,141 5,813 189.673 670 19,685 14,114 215.413
290 8,432 6,021 190.695 680 19,991 14,337 215.866
298 8,669 6,190 191.502 690 20,297 14,560 216.314
300 8,723 6,229 191.682 700 20,604 14,784 216.756
310 9,014 6,437 192.638 710 20,912 15,008 217.192
320 9,306 6,645 193.562 720 21,220 15,234 217.624
330 9,597 6,853 194.459 730 21,529 15,460 218.059
340 9,888 7,061 195.328 740 2 1,839 15,686 218.472
350 10,180 7,270 196.173 750 22,149 15,913 218.889
360 10,471 7,478 196.995 760 22,460 16,141 219.301
370 10,763 7,687 197.794 770 22,772 16,370 219.709
380 11,055 7,895 198.572 780 23,085 16,599 220.113
390 11,347 8,104 199.331 790 23,398 16,830 220.512
400 11,640 8,314 200.071 800 23,714 17,061 220.907
410 11,932 8,523 200.794 810 24,027 17,292 22 1.298
420 12,225 8,733 201.499 820 24,342 17,524 221.684
430 12,518 8,943 202.189 830 24,658 17 '757 222.067
440 12,811 9,153 202.863 840 24,974 17,990 222.447
450 13,105 9,363 203.523 850 25,292 18,224 222.822
460 13,399 9,574 204.170 860 25,610 18,459 223.194
470 13,693 9,786 204.803 870 25,928 18,695 223.562
480 13,988 9,997 205.424 880 26,248 18,931 223.927
490 14,285 10,210 206.033 890 26,568 19,168 224.288
500 14,58 1 10,423 206.630 900 26,890 19,407 224.647
510 14,876 10,635 207.216 910 27,210 19,644 225.002
520 15,172 10,848 207.792 920 27,532 19,883 225.353
530 15,469 11,062 208.358 930 27,854 20,122 225.701
540 15,766 11,277 208.9 14 940 28,178 20,362 226.047
550 16,064 11,492 209.46 1 950 28,501 20,603 226.389
560 16,363 11,707 209.999 960 28,826 20,844 226.728
570 16,662 11,923 210.528 970 29,151 21,086 227.064
580 16,962 12,139 211.049 980 29,476 21,328 227.398
590 17,262 12,356 211.562 990 29,803 2 1,571 227.728
 Appendix 1 939

TABLE A-18
Ideal-gas properti es of nitrogen, N2 (Concluded)
r Fi u so T Fi u so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol· K

lOOO 30,129 21,815 228.057 1760 56,227 4 1,594 247.396

l020 30,784 22,304 228.706 1780 56,938 42,139 247.798
1040 31,442 22,795 229.344 1800 57,651 42,685 248.195
1060 32, 101 23,288 229.973 1820 58,363 43,231 248.589
1080 32,762 23,782 230.591 1840 59,075 43,777 248.979
1100 33,426 24,280 231.199 1860 59,790 44,324 249.365
1120 34,092 24,780 231.799 1880 60,504 44,873 249.748
1140 34,760 25,282 232.391 1900 6 1,220 45,423 250.128
1160 35,430 25,786 232.973 1920 61,936 45,973 250.502
1180 36,104 26,291 233.549 1940 62,654 46,524 250.874
1200 36,777 26,799 234. 115 1960 63,381 47,075 251.242
1220 37,452 27,308 234.673 1980 64,090 47,627 251.607
1240 38,129 27,819 235 .223 2000 64,810 48,181 251.969
1260 38,807 28,331 235.766 2050 66,612 49,567 252.858
1280 39,488 28,845 236.302 2100 68,417 50,957 253.726
1300 40,170 29,361 236.831 2150 70,226 52 ,351 254.578
1320 40,853 29,378 237.353 2200 72,040 53,749 255.412
1340 41,539 30,398 237 .867 2250 73,856 55,149 256.227
1360 42,227 30,9 19 238.376 2300 75,676 56,553 257 .027
1380 42,915 31,441 238.878 2350 77,496 57,958 257.810
1400 43,605 3 1,964 239.375 2400 79,320 59,366 258.580
1420 44,295 32,489 239.865 2450 81, 149 60,779 259.332
1440 44,988 33,0 14 240.350 2500 82,981 62,195 260.073
1460 45,682 33,543 240. 827 2550 84,814 63,613 260.799
1480 46,377 34,071 24 1.30 1 2600 86,650 65,033 261.5 12
1500 47,073 34,601 24 1.768 2650 88,488 66,455 262.213
1520 47,771 35,133 242.228 2700 90,328 67,880 262.902
1540 48,470 35,665 242.685 2750 92,171 69,306 263.577
1560 49,168 36,197 243.137 2800 94,014 70,734 264.241
1580 49,869 36,732 243.585 2850 95,859 72,163 264.895
1600 50,571 37,268 244.028 2900 97,705 73,593 265.538
1620 51,275 37,806 244.464 2950 99,556 75,028 266. 170
1640 51,980 38,344 244.896 3000 101,407 76,464 266.793
1660 52,686 38,884 245.324 3050 103,260 77,902 267.404
1680 53,393 39,424 245.747 3100 105,115 79,341 268.007
1700 54,099 39,965 246.166 3150 106,972 80,782 268.601
1720 54,807 40,507 246.580 3200 108,830 82,224 269.186
1740 55,516 41,049 246.990 3250 110,690 83,668 269.763

Source: Tables A- 18 through A- 25 are adapted from Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 787-98. Originally
published in JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37 , 1971.
940 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-19
Ideal-gas properties of oxygen , 0 2
T h u :so T h iJ :so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol· K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
0 0 0 0 600 17,929 12,940 226.346
220 6,404 4,575 196.171 610 18,250 13,178 226 .877
230 6,694 4,782 197.461 620 18,572 13,417 227.400
240 6,984 4,989 198.696 630 18,895 13,657 227.918
250 7,275 5,197 199.885 640 19,219 13,898 228.429
260 7,566 5,405 201.027 650 19,544 14,140 228.932
270 7,858 5,613 202.128 660 19,870 14,383 229.430
280 8,150 5,822 203 .191 670 20,197 14,626 229.920
290 8,443 6,032 204.218 680 20,524 14,871 230.405
298 8,682 6,203 205.033 690 20,854 15,116 230.885
300 8,736 6,242 205.213 700 21,184 15,364 231.358
310 9,030 6,453 206.177 710 21,514 15,611 231.827
320 9,325 6,664 207.112 720 21,845 15,859 232.291
330 9,620 6,877 208.020 730 22,177 16,107 232.748
340 9,916 7,090 208.904 740 22,510 16,3 57 233.201
350 10,213 7,303 209 .765 750 22,844 16,607 233.649
360 10,511 7,5 18 210.604 760 23,178 16,859 234.091
370 10,809 7,733 211.423 770 23,513 17,111 234.528
380 11,109 7,949 212.222 780 23 ,850 17,364 234.960
390 11,409 8,166 213.002 790 24,186 17,618 235.387
400 11,711 8,384 213.765 800 24,523 17,872 235.810
410 12,012 8,603 214.510 810 24,861 18,126 236.230
420 12,314 8,822 215.241 820 25, 199 18,382 236.644
430 12,618 9,043 215 .955 830 25,537 18,637 237.055
440 12,923 9,264 216.656 840 25,877 18,893 237.462
450 13,228 9,487 217.342 850 26,218 19,150 237.864
460 13 ,525 9,710 218.016 860 26,559 19,408 238.264
470 13,842 9,935 218.676 870 26,899 19,666 238.660
480 14,151 10,160 219.326 880 27,242 19,925 239.051
490 14,460 10,386 219.963 890 27,584 20,185 239.439
500 14,770 10,614 220.589 900 27,928 20,445 239.823
510 15,082 10,842 221.206 910 28,272 20,706 240.203
520 15,395 11,071 221.812 920 28,616 20,967 240.580
530 15,708 11,301 222.409 930 28,960 21,228 240.953
540 16,022 11,533 222.997 940 29,306 21,491 241.323
550 16,338 11,765 223 .576 950 29,652 21,754 241.689
560 16,654 11,998 224.146 960 29,999 22,017 242.052
570 16,971 12,232 224.708 970 30,345 22,280 242.411
580 17,290 12,467 225.262 980 30,692 22,544 242.768
590 17,609 12,703 225.808 990 31,041 22,809 242.120
 Appendix 1 941

TABLE A-19
Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, 0 2 (Concluded)
T h iJ so T h iJ so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol· K
1000 31,389 23,075 243.471 1760 58,880 44,247 263.861
1020 32,088 23,607 244.164 1780 59,624 44,825 264.283
1040 32,789 24,142 244.844 1800 60,371 45,405 264.701
1060 33,490 24,677 245.513 1820 61,118 45,986 265.113
1080 34,194 25,214 246.171 1840 61,866 46,568 265.521
1100 34,899 25,753 246.818 1860 62,616 47,151 265.925
1120 35,606 26,294 247.454 1880 63,365 47,734 266.326
1140 36,314 26,836 248.081 1900 64,116 48,319 266.722
1160 37,023 27,379 248.698 1920 64,868 48,904 267.115
1180 37,734 27,923 249.307 1940 65,620 49,490 267.505
1200 38,447 28,469 249.906 1960 66,374 50,078 267.891
1220 39,162 29,018 250.497 1980 67,127 50,665 268.275
1240 39,877 29,568 251.079 2000 67,881 51,253 268.655
1260 40,594 30,118 251.653 2050 69,772 52,727 269.588
1280 41 ,312 30,670 252.219 2100 71,668 54,208 270.504
1300 42,033 31,224 252.776 2150 73,573 55,697 271.399
1320 42,753 31,778 253.325 2200 75,484 57,192 272.278
1340 43,475 32,334 253.868 2250 77,397 58,690 273.136
1360 44,198 32,89 1 254.404 2300 79,316 60,193 273.891
1380 44,923 33,449 254.932 2350 8 1,243 61,704 274.809
1400 45,648 34,008 255.454 2400 83,174 63,219 275.625
1420 46,374 34,567 255.968 2450 85,112 64,742 276.424
1440 47,102 35, 129 256.475 2500 87,057 66,271 277.207
1460 47,831 35,692 256.978 2550 89,004 67,802 277.979
1480 48,561 36,256 257.474 2600 90,956 69,339 278.738
1500 49,292 36,821 257.965 2650 92,916 70,883 279.485
1520 50,024 37,387 258.450 2700 94,881 72,433 280.219
1540 50,756 37,952 258.928 2750 96,852 73,987 280.942
1560 51 ,490 38,520 259.402 2800 98,826 75,546 281.654
1580 52,224 39,088 259.870 2850 100,808 77,112 282.357
1600 52,961 39,658 260.333 2900 102,793 78,682 283.048
1620 53,696 40,227 260.791 2950 104,785 80,258 283.728
1640 54,434 40,799 261.242 3000 106,780 81,837 284.399
1660 55,172 41,370 261.690 3050 108,778 83,419 285.060
1680 55,912 41,944 262.132 3100 110,784 85,009 285.713
1700 56,652 42,517 262 .571 3150 112,795 86,601 286.355
1720 57,394 43,093 263.005 3200 114,809 88,203 286.989
1740 58,136 43,669 263.435 3250 116,827 89,804 287.614
942 Thermodynamics

TABLE A- 20
Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, C0 2
T h u so T Fi iJ so
K kJ/kmo l kJ/kmol kJ/kmo l · K K kJ/kmo l kJ/kmo l kJ/kmol· K
0 0 0 0 600 22,280 17,291 243.199
220 6,601 4,772 202.966 610 22,754 17,683 243.983
230 6,938 5,026 204.464 620 23,231 18,076 244.7 58
240 7,280 5,285 205 .920 630 23,709 18,471 245 . 524
250 7,627 5,548 207.337 640 24,190 18,869 246.282
260 7,979 5,817 208.717 650 24,674 19,270 247.032
270 8,335 6,091 210.062 660 25,160 19,672 247.773
280 8,697 6,369 211.376 670 25,648 20,078 248.507
290 9,063 6,651 212.660 680 26,138 20,484 249.233
298 9,364 6,885 213.685 690 26,631 20,894 249 .952
300 9,431 6,939 213.915 700 27,125 21,305 250 .663
310 9,807 7,230 215.146 710 27,622 21,719 251.368
320 10,186 7,526 216.351 720 28,121 22,134 252 .065
330 10,570 7,826 217.534 730 28,622 22,522 252.755
340 10,959 8,131 218.694 740 29,124 22,972 253.439
350 11,351 8,439 219 .831 750 29,629 23,393 254.117
360 11.748 8,752 220.948 760 30,135 23,817 254 .7 87
370 12,148 9,068 222.044 770 30,644 24,242 255.452
380 12,552 9,392 223.122 780 31,154 24,669 256. 11 0
390 12,960 9,718 224.182 790 31,665 25,097 256.762
400 13,372 10,046 225.225 800 32,179 25,527 257.408
410 13,787 10,378 226.250 810 32,694 25,959 258 .048
420 14,206 10,714 227 .258 820 33,2 12 26,394 258.682
430 14,628 11,053 228.252 830 33,730 26,829 259.3 11
440 15,054 11 ,393 229.230 840 34,251 27,267 259.934
450 15,483 11,742 230.194 850 34,773 27,706 260.551
460 15,916 12,091 23 1.144 860 35,296 28, 125 261.164
470 16,351 12,444 232.080 870 35,821 28,588 261.770
480 16.791 12,800 233.004 880 36,347 29,031 262 .371
490 17,232 13,158 233.916 890 36,876 29,476 262.968
500 17,678 13,521 234.814 900 37,405 29,922 263.559
510 18,126 13,885 235.700 910 37,935 30,369 264.146
520 18,576 14,253 236.575 920 38,467 30,818 264.728
530 19,029 14,622 237.439 930 39,000 31,268 265 .304
540 19.485 14,996 238.292 940 39,535 31,719 265.877
550 19,945 15,372 239.135 950 40,070 32,171 266.444
560 20.407 15,751 239.962 960 40,607 32,625 267 .007
570 20,870 16,131 240.789 970 41 ,145 33,081 267.566
580 21,337 16,515 241.602 980 41 ,685 33,537 268 . 119
590 21,807 16,902 242.405 990 42 ,226 33,995 268.670
 Appendix 1 943

TABLE A- 20
Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, C0 2 (Concluded)
T h u :so T h u :so
K kJ/kmo l kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol· K

1000 42,769 34,455 269.215 1760 86,420 71,787 301.543

1020 43,859 35,378 270.293 1780 87,612 72,812 302.217
1040 44,953 36,306 271.354 1800 88,806 73,840 302.884
1060 46,051 37,238 272.400 1820 90,000 74,868 303.544
1080 47,153 38,174 273.430 1840 91,196 75 ,897 304.198
1100 48,258 39,112 274.445 1860 92,394 76,929 304.845
1120 49,369 40,057 275.444 1880 93,593 77,962 305.487
1140 50,484 41,006 276.430 1900 94,793 78,996 306.122
1160 51,602 41,957 277.403 1920 95,995 80,031 306.751
1180 52,724 42,913 278.36 1 1940 97,197 81,067 307.374
1200 53,848 43,871 297.307 1960 98,401 82,105 307.992
1220 54,977 44,834 280.238 1980 99,606 83,144 308.604
1240 56,108 45,799 281.158 2000 100,804 84,185 309.210
1260 57,244 46,768 282.066 2050 103,835 86,791 310 .701
1280 58,381 47,739 282.962 2100 106,864 89,404 312. 160
1300 59,522 48,713 283.847 2 150 109,898 92,023 313.589
1320 60,666 49,691 284.722 2200 112,939 94,648 3 14.988
1340 61,813 50,672 285.586 2250 115,984 97,277 316.356
1360 62,963 51,656 286.439 2300 119,035 99,912 317.695
1380 64,116 52,643 287.283 2350 122,091 102,552 319.011
1400 65,271 53,631 288.106 2400 125,152 105,197 320.302
1420 66,427 54,621 288.934 2450 128,219 107,849 321.566
1440 67,586 55,614 289.743 2500 131,290 110,504 322.808
1460 68,748 56,609 290.542 2550 134,368 113,166 324.026
1480 66,911 57,606 291.333 2600 137,449 115,832 325.222
1500 71,078 58,606 292.114 2650 140,533 118,500 326.396
1520 72,246 59,609 292.888 2700 143,620 121,172 327.549
1540 73,417 60,613 292.654 2750 146,713 123,849 328.684
1560 74,590 61,620 294.411 2800 149,808 126,528 329.800
1580 75,767 62,630 295.161 2850 152,908 129,2 12 330.896
1600 76,944 63,741 295.901 2900 156,009 131,898 331.975
1620 78,123 64,653 296.632 2950 159,117 134,589 333.037
1640 79,303 65,668 297.356 3000 162,226 137, 283 334.084
1660 80,486 66,592 298.072 3050 165,341 139,982 335.114
1680 81,670 67,702 298.781 3100 168,456 142,681 336.126
1700 82,856 68,721 299.482 3150 171,576 145,385 337.124
1720 84,043 69,742 300.177 3200 174,695 148,089 338.109
1740 85,231 70,764 300.863 3250 177 ,822 150,80 1 339.069
944 Thermodynamics

TABLE A- 21
Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO

T h u so T h u so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol· K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
0 0 0 0 600 17 ,6 11 12,622 218.204
220 6,391 4,562 188.683 610 17,915 12,843 218.708
230 6,683 4,771 189.980 620 18,221 13,066 219.205
240 6,975 4,979 191.221 630 18,527 13,289 219.695
250 7,266 5,188 192 .411 640 18,833 13 ,5 12 220.179
260 7,558 5,396 193 .554 650 19,141 13,736 220.656
270 7,849 5,604 194.654 660 19,449 13,962 221.127
280 8,140 5,812 195.713 670 19,758 14,187 221.592
290 8,432 6,020 196.735 680 20,068 14,414 222.052
298 8,669 6,190 197 .543 690 20,378 14,641 222.505
300 8,723 6,229 197.723 700 20,690 14,870 222.953
310 9,014 6,437 198.678 710 21,002 15,099 223.396
320 9,306 6,645 199.603 720 21,315 15,328 223.833
330 9,597 6,854 200.500 730 21,628 15,558 224.265
340 9,889 7,062 201.371 740 21,943 15,789 224.692
350 10,181 7,271 202.217 750 22,258 16,022 225.115
360 10,473 7,480 203.040 760 22,573 16,255 225.533
370 10,765 7,689 203.842 770 22,890 16,488 225.947
380 11,058 7,899 204.622 780 23,208 16,723 226.357
390 11,351 8,108 205.383 790 23,526 16,957 226.762
400 11,644 8 ,319 206.125 800 23,844 17' 193 227.162
410 11,938 8,529 206.850 810 24,164 17,429 227.559
420 12,232 8,740 207.549 820 24,483 17 ,665 227.952
430 12,526 8,951 208.252 830 24,803 17,902 228.339
440 12,821 9,163 208.929 840 25 ,1 24 18,140 228. 724
450 13,116 9,375 209.593 850 25,446 18,379 229.106
460 13,412 9,587 210 .243 860 25,768 18,617 229. 482
470 13,708 9,800 210.880 870 26,091 18,858 229 .856
480 14,005 10,014 211.504 880 26,415 19,099 230.227
490 14,302 10,228 212.117 890 26,740 19,341 230.593
500 14,600 10,443 212.719 900 27,066 19,583 230.957
510 14,898 10,658 213 .3 10 910 27,392 19,826 231.317
520 15,197 10,874 213.890 920 27,719 20,070 23 1.674
530 15,497 11,090 214.460 930 28,046 20,314 232.028
540 15,797 11,307 215.020 940 28,375 20,559 232.379
550 16,097 11 ,524 215.572 950 28,703 20,805 232.727
560 16,399 11,743 216.115 960 29,033 21,051 233 .072
570 16,701 11 ,961 216.649 970 29,362 21,298 233.413
580 17,003 12,181 217 .175 980 29,693 21,545 233.752
590 17,307 12,401 217.693 990 30,024 21,793 234.088
 Appendix 1 945

TABLE A-21
Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO (Concluded)

T h u :so T h u :so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol· K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol· K

1000 30,355 22,041 234.421 1760 56,756 42,123 253.991

1020 31,020 22,540 235.079 1780 57,473 42,673 254.398
1040 31,688 23,04 1 235 .728 1800 58,191 43,225 254.797
1060 32,357 23,544 236.364 1820 58,910 43,778 255.194
1080 33,029 24,049 236.992 1840 59,629 44,331 255.587
1100 33,702 24,557 237.609 1860 60,351 44,886 255.976
1120 34,377 25,065 238.217 1880 61,072 45,441 256 .361
1140 35,054 25,575 238.817 1900 61,794 45,997 256.743
1160 35,733 26,088 239.407 1920 62,516 46,552 257.122
1180 36,406 26,602 239.989 1940 63,238 47,108 257.497
1200 37,095 27,118 240.663 1960 63,961 47,665 257.868
1220 37,780 27,637 241.128 1980 64,684 48,221 258.236
1240 38,466 28,426 241.686 2000 65,408 48,780 258.600
1260 39,154 28,678 242.236 2050 67,224 50,179 259 .494
1280 39,844 29,201 242.780 2100 69,044 51,584 260.370
1300 40,534 29,725 243.316 2150 70,864 52,988 261.226
1320 41,226 30,251 243.844 2200 72,688 54,396 262.065
1340 41,919 30,778 244.366 2250 74,516 55,809 262.887
1360 42,613 31,306 244.880 2300 76,345 57,222 263.692
1380 43,309 31,836 245.388 2350 78,178 58,640 264.480
1400 44,007 32,367 245.889 2400 80,015 60,060 265.253
1420 44,707 32,900 246.385 2450 81,852 61,482 266.012
1440 45,408 33,434 246.876 2500 83,692 62,906 266.755
1460 46,110 33,971 247.360 2550 85,537 64,335 267.485
1480 46,813 34,508 247.839 2600 87,383 65,766 268.202
1500 47,517 35,046 248.312 2650 89,230 67,197 268.905
1520 48,222 35,584 248.778 2700 91,077 68,628 269.596
1540 48,928 36,124 249.240 2750 92,930 70,066 270.285
1560 49,635 36,665 249.695 2800 94,784 71,504 270.943
1580 50,344 37,207 250.147 2850 96,639 72,945 271.602
1600 51,053 37,750 250.592 2900 98,495 74,383 272.249
1620 51,763 38,293 251.033 2950 100,352 75,825 272.884
1640 52,472 38,837 251.470 3000 102,2 10 77,267 273.508
1660 53,184 39,382 251.901 3050 104,073 78,715 274.123
1680 53,895 39,927 252.329 3100 105,939 80,164 274.730
1700 54,609 40,474 252.751 3150 107,802 81,612 275.326
1720 55,323 41,023 253.169 3200 109,667 83,061 275.914
1740 56,039 41,572 253.582 3250 111,534 84,513 276.494
946 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-22
Id ea l-gas properties of hydrogen, H2
T h u so T h u so
K kJ/kmo l kJ/kmol kJ /kmol · K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol· K

0 0 0 0 1440 42,808 30,835 177.410

260 7,370 5,209 126.636 1480 44,091 31,786 178.291
270 7,657 5,412 127.719 1520 45,384 32,746 179.153
280 7,945 5,617 128.765 1560 46,683 33,713 179.995
290 8,233 5,822 129.775 1600 47,990 34,687 180.820
298 8,468 5,989 130.574 1640 49,303 35,668 181.632
300 8,522 6,027 130.754 1680 50,622 36,654 182.428
320 9,100 6,440 132.621 1720 51,947 37,646 183.2C8
340 9,680 6,853 134.378 1760 53,279 38,645 183.973
360 10,262 7,268 136.039 1800 54,618 39,652 184.724
380 10,843 7,684 137.612 1840 55,962 40,663 185.463
400 11,426 8,100 139.106 1880 57,311 41,680 186 .190
420 12,010 8,518 140.529 1920 58,668 42,705 186.904
440 12,594 8,936 141.888 1960 60,031 43,735 187.607
460 13,179 9,355 143.187 2000 61,400 44,771 188.297
480 13,764 9,773 144.432 2050 63,119 46,074 189.1L8
500 14,350 10,193 145.628 2100 64,847 47,386 189.979
520 14,935 10,611 146.775 2 150 66,584 48,708 190.796
560 16,107 11,451 148.945 2200 68,328 50,037 191.598
600 17,280 12,291 150.968 2250 70,080 51,373 192.385
640 18,453 13,133 152.863 2300 71,839 52,716 193.159
680 19,630 13,976 154.645 2350 73,608 54,069 193.921
720 20,807 14,821 156.328 2400 75,383 55,429 194.669
760 21,988 15,669 157.923 2450 77,168 56,798 195.403
800 23,171 16,520 159.440 2500 78,960 58,175 196.125
840 24,359 17,375 160.891 2550 80,755 59,554 196.837
880 25,551 18,235 162.277 2600 82,558 60,941 197.539
920 26,747 19,098 163.607 2650 84,368 62,335 198.229
960 27,948 19,966 164.884 2700 86,186 63,737 198.907
1000 29,154 20,839 166.114 2750 88,008 65,144 199.575
1040 30,364 21,717 167.300 2800 89,838 66,558 200.234
1080 31,580 22,601 168.449 2850 91,671 67,976 200.885
1120 32,802 23,490 169.560 2900 93,512 69,40 1 201.527
1160 34,028 24,384 170.636 2950 95,358 70,831 202.157
1200 35,262 25,284 171.682 3000 97,211 72,268 202 .77 8
1240 36,502 26,192 172.698 3050 99,065 73,707 203.391
1280 37,749 27,106 173.687 3100 100,926 75,152 203.995
1320 39,002 28,027 174.652 3150 102 ,793 76,604 204.592
1360 40,263 28,955 175.593 3200 104,667 78,061 205. 181
1400 41,530 29,889 176.510 3250 106,545 79,523 205.765
 Appendix 1 947

TABLE A-23
Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2 0
T h u :so T h u :so
K kJ /kmol kJ /kmol kJ /kmol · K K kJ /kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
0 0 0 0 600 20,402 15,413 212.920
220 7,295 5,466 178.576 610 20,765 15,693 213.529
230 7,628 5,715 180.054 620 21' 130 15,975 214.122
240 7,961 5,965 181.471 630 21,495 16,257 214.707
250 8,294 6,215 182.831 640 21,862 16,541 215.285
260 8,627 6,466 184.139 650 22,230 16,826 215.856
270 8,961 6,716 185.399 660 22,600 17' 112 216.419
280 9,296 6,968 186.616 670 22,970 17,399 216.976
290 9,631 7,219 187.791 680 23,342 17,688 217 .527
298 9,904 7,425 188.720 690 23,714 17,978 218.071
300 9,966 7,472 188.928 700 24,088 18,268 218.610
310 10,302 7,725 190.030 710 24,464 18,561 219.142
320 10,639 7,978 191.098 720 24,840 18,854 219.668
330 10,976 8,232 192.136 730 25,218 19,148 220.189
340 11,314 8,487 193.144 740 25,597 19,444 220.707
350 11,652 8,742 194.125 750 25,977 19,741 221.215
360 11,992 8,998 195.081 760 26,3 58 20,039 221.720
370 12,331 9,255 196.012 770 26,741 20,339 222.22 1
380 12,672 9,513 196.920 780 27,125 20,639 222.717
390 13,014 9,771 197.807 790 27,510 20 ,941 223.207
400 13,3 56 10,030 198.673 800 27,896 21,245 223 .693
410 13,699 10,290 199.521 810 28,284 21,549 224.174
420 14,043 10,551 200.350 820 28,672 21,855 224.651
430 14,388 10,813 201.160 830 29,062 22,162 225.123
440 14,734 11 ,075 201.955 840 29,454 22,470 225.592
450 15,080 11 ,339 202.734 850 29,846 22,779 226 .057
460 15,428 11,603 203.497 860 30,240 23,090 226.517
470 15,777 11,869 204.247 870 30,635 23,402 226 .973
480 16,126 12,135 204.982 880 31,032 23,715 227.426
490 16,477 12,403 205.705 890 31,429 24,029 227.875
500 16,828 12,671 206.413 900 31,828 24,345 228.321
510 17,181 12,940 207.112 910 32,228 24,662 228.763
520 17,534 13,2 11 207.799 920 32,629 24,980 229.202
530 17,889 13,482 208.475 930 33,032 25,300 229 .637
540 18,245 13,755 209 .139 940 33,436 25,621 230.070
550 18,601 14,028 209.795 950 33,841 25,943 230.499
560 18,959 14,303 210.440 960 34,247 26,265 230.924
570 19,318 14,579 211.075 970 34,653 26,588 231.347
580 19,678 14,856 211.702 980 35,061 26,913 231.767
590 20,039 15,134 212.320 990 35,472 27,240 232.184
948 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-23
Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2 0 (Concluded)
T h u so T h u so
K kJ/kmo l kJ/kmol kJ/kmo l · K K kJ/kmo l kJ/kmo l kJ/kmol · K
1000 35,882 27,568 232.597 1760 70,535 55,902 258.1 51
1020 36,709 28,228 233.415 1780 71,523 56,723 258.708
1040 37,542 28,895 234.223 1800 72,513 57,547 259.262
1060 38,380 29,567 235.020 1820 73,507 58,375 259.811
1080 39,223 30,243 235.806 1840 74,506 59,207 260.357
1100 40,071 30,925 236.584 1860 75,506 60,042 260.898
1120 40,923 31,611 237.352 1880 76,511 60,880 26 1.436
1140 41,780 32,301 238.110 1900 77,5 17 6 1,720 26 1.969
1160 42,642 32,997 238.859 1920 78,527 62,564 262.497
1180 43,509 33,698 239.600 1940 79,540 63.4 11 263 .022
1200 44,380 34,403 240.333 1960 80,555 64,259 263.542
1220 45,256 35,112 241.057 1980 81,573 65,111 264.059
1240 46,137 35,827 241.773 2000 82,593 65,965 264.57 1
1260 47,022 36,546 242.482 2050 85,156 68,111 265.838
1280 47,912 37,270 243.183 2100 87,735 70,275 267.08 1
1300 48,807 38,000 243.877 2150 90,330 72.454 268 .30 1
1320 49,707 38,732 244.564 2200 92,940 74,649 269.500
1340 50,612 39,470 245.243 2250 95,562 76,855 270.679
1360 51,521 40,2 13 245.915 2300 98,199 79,076 271.839
1380 52,434 40,960 246.582 2350 100,846 81 ,308 272.978
1400 53,351 41 ,711 247.241 2400 103,508 83,553 274.098
1420 54,273 42,466 247.895 2450 106,183 85,811 275.20 1
1440 55,198 43,226 248.543 2500 108,868 88,082 276.286
1460 56,128 43,989 249.185 2550 111,565 90 ,364 277.354
1480 57,062 44,756 249.820 2600 114,273 92,656 278.407
1500 57,999 45,528 250.450 2650 116,991 94,958 279.441
1520 58,942 46,304 251.074 2700 119,717 97,269 280.462
1540 59,888 47,084 25 1.693 2750 122,453 99,588 281.464
1560 60,838 47 ,868 252.305 2800 125,198 101,917 282.453
1580 61,792 48,6 55 252.912 2850 127,952 104,256 283.429
1600 62,748 49,445 253.513 2900 130,717 106,605 284.390
1620 63,709 50,240 254.111 2950 133,486 108,959 285.338
1640 64,675 51,039 254.703 3000 136,264 111,321 286.273
1660 65,643 51,841 255.290 3050 139,051 113,692 287.194
1680 66,614 52,646 255.873 3100 141,846 116,072 288.102
1700 67,589 53,455 256.450 3150 144,648 118.458 288.999
1720 68,567 54,267 257.022 3200 147,457 120,851 289 .884
1740 69,550 55,083 257.589 3250 150,272 123,250 290.756
 Appendix 1 949

TABLE A-24
Ideal-gas properties of monatomic oxygen, 0
T h iJ so T h iJ so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ /kmol · K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmo l kJ/kmol· K
0 0 0 0 2400 50,894 30,940 204.932
298 6,852 4,373 160.944 2450 51,936 31,566 205.362
300 6,892 4,398 161.079 2500 52 ,979 32,193 205 .783
500 11' 197 7,040 172.088 2550 54,021 32 ,820 206 .196
1000 21,713 13,398 186.678 2600 55 ,064 33,447 206 .601
1500 32,150 19,679 195.143 2650 56 ,108 34,075 206 .999
1600 34,234 20,931 196.488 2700 57 ,152 34,703 207 .389
1700 36 ,317 22,183 197 .751 2750 58,196 35 ,332 207.77 2
1800 38,400 23,434 198.941 2800 59 ,241 35,961 208 .148
1900 40,482 24,685 200.067 2850 60,286 36,590 208.518
2000 42,564 25 ,935 201.135 2900 61,33 2 37 ,220 208.882
2050 43,605 26,560 201.649 2950 62,378 37,851 209 .240
2100 44,646 27,186 202.151 3000 63,425 38,482 209 .59 2
2150 45,687 27,811 202.641 3100 65,520 39,746 210.2 79
2200 46,728 28,436 203.119 3200 67,619 41,013 2 10.945
2250 47,769 29,062 203.588 3300 69,720 42,283 2 11.592
2300 48,811 29,688 204.045 3400 71,824 43,556 212.220
2350 49,852 30,314 204.493 3500 73,932 44,832 212.831

TABLE A-25
Ideal-gas properties of hydroxyl , OH
T h iJ so T h u so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol· K K kJ /kmol kJ /kmol kJ/kmol · K
0 0 0 0 2400 77,015 57,061 248.628
298 9,188 6,709 183.594 2450 78,801 58,431 249 .364
300 9,244 6,749 183.779 2500 80,592 59,806 250.088
500 15,181 11,024 198.955 2550 82 ,388 61 ,186 250.799
1000 30,123 21,809 219.624 2600 84,189 62 ,572 251.499
1500 46,046 33,575 232 .506 2650 85,995 63,962 252 .187
1600 49,358 36,055 234.642 2700 87,806 65,358 252.864
1700 52,706 38,571 236.672 2750 89,622 66,757 253.530
1800 56,089 41,123 238.606 2800 91,442 68,162 254 .186
1900 59,505 43,708 240.453 2850 93,266 69,570 254.832
2000 62,952 46,323 242 .221 2900 95,095 70,983 255.468
2050 64,687 47,642 243.077 2950 96,927 72,400 256 .094
2100 66,428 48,968 243.917 3000 98,763 73,820 256.712
2150 68,177 50,301 244.740 3100 102,44 7 76 ,673 257.919
2200 69 ,932 51,641 245.547 3200 106,145 79,539 259 .093
2250 71,694 52,987 246.338 3300 109,855 82,418 260.235
2300 73,462 54,339 247.116 3400 113,578 85,309 261.347
2350 75 ,236 55,697 247.879 3500 117,312 88,212 262.429
950 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-26
Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolu te entropy at
25°C, 1 atm
Jiof g( :so
Substance Formula kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ /kmol · K

Carbon C(s) 0 0 5 .74

Hydrogen H2(g) 0 0 130.68
Nitrogen N2(g) 0 0 191.61
Oxygen 0 2(g) 0 0 205.04
Carbon monoxide CO(g) - 110,530 - 137,150 197.65
Carbon dioxide C0 2(g) - 393,520 - 394,360 213.80
Water vapor H20(g) - 241,820 - 228,590 188.83
Water H20(f) - 285,830 - 237,180 69.92
Hydrogen peroxide H20 2(g) - 136,310 - 105,600 232.63
Ammonia NH 3(g) - 46,190 - 16,590 192.33
Methane CH 4(g) - 74,850 - 50,790 186.1 6
Acetylene C2H2(g) +226,730 +209,170 200.85
Ethylene C2H4(g) +52,280 +68,120 219.83
Ethane C2H6(g) - 84,680 - 32,890 229.49
Propylene C3H6(g) +20,410 +62,720 266.94
Propane C3Hs(g) - 103,850 - 23,490 269.91
n-Butane C4Hw(g) - 126,150 - 15,710 310.12
n-Octane CsHls(g) - 208,450 +16,530 466.73
n-Octane C8H 18(f) - 249,950 +6,610 360 .79
n-Dodecane C1 2H26(g) - 29 1,010 +50,150 622 .83
Benzene C6H6(g) +82,930 +129,660 269.20
Methyl alcoho l CH 30H(g) - 200,670 - 162,000 239 .70
Methyl alcoho l CH 30H(f ) - 238,660 - 166,360 126.80
Ethyl alcohol C2H50H(g) - 235,3 10 - 168,570 282.59
Ethyl alcohol C2H50H(f ) - 277,690 - 174,890 160.70
Oxygen O(g) +249,190 +231,770 161.06
Hydrogen H(g) +218,000 +203,290 114.72
Nitrogen N(g) +472,650 +455,510 153.30
Hydroxyl OH(g) +39,460 +34,280 183.70

Source: From JANAF, Thermochemical Tables (Midland , Ml : Dow Chemical Co., 1971) ; Selected
Values of Chemical Th erm odynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 27 0-3, 1968; and API
Research Project 44 (Carnegie Press, 1953).
 Appendix 1 951

TABLE A-27
Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons
Higher Lower
Molar Enthalpy of Specific heating heating
mass, Density, 1 vaporization, 2 heat, 1 cP value, 3 value, 3
Fuel (phase) Formula kg/kmol kg/L kJ/kg kJ/kg · K kJ/kg kJ/kg
Carbon (s) c 12.011 2 0.708 32,800 32,800
Hydrogen (g) Hz 2.016 14.4 141,800 120,000
Carbon monoxide (g) co 28.013 1.05 10,100 10,100
Methane (g) CH 4 16.043 509 2.20 55,530 50,050
Methanol (C) CH 40 32.042 0.790 1168 2 .53 22,660 19,920
Acety lene (g) Cz H z 26.038 1.69 49 ,970 48,280
Ethane (g) CzH6 30.070 172 1.75 51,900 47,520
Ethanol (f) C2H60 46.069 0.790 919 2.44 29,670 26,810
Propane (f) C3Hs 44.097 0.500 335 2 .77 50,330 46,340
Butane (f ) C4H 10 58.123 0.579 362 2.42 49,150 45,370
1-Pentene (e) C5H1o 70.134 0.641 363 2.20 47,760 44,630
lsopentane (C) C5H12 72.150 0.626 2.32 48 ,570 44,910
Benzene (f) C6H6 78.114 0 .877 433 1.72 41,800 40,100
Hexene (f) C5H12 84.161 0.673 392 1.84 47,500 44,400
Hexane (f) C6H l 4 86.177 0.660 366 2.27 48,310 44,740
Toluene (f) C7Hs 92.141 0.867 412 1.71 42,400 40,500
Heptane (f) C7H16 100.204 0.684 365 2.24 48,100 44,600
Octane (f) CsH1s 114.23 1 0.703 363 2.23 47,890 44,430
Decane (f) C10H 22 142.285 0.730 361 2.21 47,640 44,240
Gasoline (f) CnH l.87n 100-110 0 .72-0.78 350 2.4 47,300 44,000
Light diesel (f) CnHl.8 n 170 0.78-0.84 270 2.2 46,100 43,200
Heavy diesel (f) CnH l.7n 200 0.82-0.88 230 1.9 45,500 42,800
Natural gas (g) CnH3.8nNO.l n 18 2 50,000 45,000

1At 1 atm and 20°C.

2At 25°C for liquid fuels, and 1 atm and normal boiling temperature for gaseous fuels.
3 At 25°C. Multiply by molar mass to obtain heating values in kJ /kmol.
952 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-28
Natural logarithm s of th e equil ibrium constant KP
pvc p vn
The equilibri um co nstant Kp for th e reacti on vA A + v 8 B ~ vc C + v 0 0 is defin ed as KP =__s_____p_
P: AP/lH
Temp. ,
K H2 ;==' 2H 02 ;==' 20 N2 ;==> 2N H20 ;==' H2 + 1/202 H20 ;==' 1/ 2H2 + OH C02 ;=='co + 1/20 2 IJ2N2 + IJ202 ;==' NO
298 - 164.005 - 186.975 - 367.480 - 92 .208 - 106.208 - 103.762 - 35 052
500 - 92.827 - 105.630 - 213.372 - 52.691 - 60 .28 1 - 57.616 - 20 .295
1000 - 39.803 - 45.150 - 99 .1 27 - 23. 163 - 26 .034 - 23.529 - 9.388
1200 - 30.874 - 35.005 - 80.011 - 18.1 82 - 20 .283 - 17.871 - 7.569
1400 - 24.463 - 27 .742 - 66.329 - 14.609 - 16.099 - 13 .842 - 6.270
1600 - 19.637 - 22 .285 - 56.055 - 11.921 - 13.066 - 10.830 - 5.294
18 00 - 15.866 - 18 .030 - 48.051 - 9 .826 - 10 .657 - 8.497 - 4.536
2000 - 12.840 - 14.622 - 4 1.645 - 8.145 - 8 .728 - 6.635 - 3.93 1
2200 - 10.353 - 11 .827 - 36.391 - 6.768 - 7.148 - 5.1 20 - 3.433
2400 - 8.276 - 9.497 - 32.0 11 - 5.6 19 - 5.832 - 3 .860 - 3.0 19
2600 - 6.517 - 7.521 - 28.304 - 4.648 - 4.7 19 - 2.80 1 - 2.671
2800 - 5.002 - 5.826 - 25.117 - 3.812 - 3.763 - 1.894 - 2.372
3000 - 3.685 - 4 .357 - 22 .359 - 3.086 - 2.937 - 1.1 11 - 2. 114
3200 - 2.534 - 3.072 - 19.937 - 2.451 - 2.212 - 0.429 - 1.888
3400 - 1.5 16 - 1.935 - 17.800 - 1.891 - 1.576 0 .169 - 1.690
3600 - 0.609 - 0.926 - 15.898 - 1.392 - 1.088 0.70 1 - 1.513
3800 0.202 - 0.019 - 14. 199 - 0 .945 - 0 .501 1.176 - 1.356
4000 0.934 0 .796 - 12.660 - 0.542 - 0.044 1. 599 - 1. 216
4500 2.486 2.5 13 9.414 0 .31 2 0.920 2.490 - 0.921
5000 3.725 3.895 - 6.807 0.996 1.689 3.197 - 0.686
5500 4 .743 5.023 - 4.666 1.560 2.318 3.77 1 - 0.497
6000 5.590 5.963 - 2.865 2.032 2.843 4.245 - 0.341

Source: Gord on J. Van Wylen and Ri chard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynam ics, Engl ish/5 1 Version, 3 rd ed. (New York: John Wiley &
Sons, 19 86), p. 723, t able A.14. Based on t herm odynami c data given in JANAF, Th ermochem ical Tables (Mid land , Ml : Therm al Research Laboratory, The
Dow Ch emical Company, 1971) .
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.05 .0 10 20 30

Reduced pressure, PR

..s::
r. }~
1-:::i
:9 Cc::
..s::

FIGURE A- 29
Generali zed enth alpy departure chart.
Source: Jo/111 1?. 1/oH't'll and l?idwnl 0. Buckius,
Fundamenlab or Engineering Thermody namics,
Sf Version (Ne1v York: MI"Graw-f/ i/1, 1987), p. 558,
jig. C.2. and p . 56 1, .fi!:. C.5.
 954 Thermodynamics
10.0 0.500

""'~
~~ ~
~
~~1~ 0.400
) ~
r'#t -{
/
t:
':?'
a. II 0.300
-!5 i~V '~
9.0

~~ "' ~
I"
2"'
0.

;:
·~I
JI ~· 0.200 ~v v
// / v ~
~-
j]2-

l~~ ~""" "'~ ~I'-

UJ

. II 0.100 112:~ ::::.::::: ~~=----

-!---- ''~g
~6
~ N' 0 000 --.O

~·
8.0
""""' . 0 0.05 0.10 0. 15p 0.20 0.25 0.30

I ~ ~ """~!'--
R
I'-
I
I I'-
~~~
0.50,
v
7.0
I
I \ ~ ~ "'~'-- 1----- ~'--r- ~
~~ "' ~~ ~
I
I

""'
0.55

""" '"- "'"'

_J_ /

>. ~
~~ ~ ------
I I 0:60,

6.0
I
f-1-
I
I
I
I
"'
"' """
f--'\\ ~
"'"'
1'--.1'-. ~~ ~'-o.?o
~
0.65 r'--t--
'"'I I I I ~Q..
1'-. t--
"' f'r-..,
I
1i
-c
r,;,-
Ct::-

5.0
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1\ ~"' ~ ~ "'--
1'-1'-
r-----
~ 1::-.~ !"-.. r------._ t - -
0.75 1\ o,?z I'
I
I
I
0.80 I
"'"'
:1 : 1\ !'--.
0.80,

~ "
I I I .____________
0. 85 1 1 It'-
I I I I II\ 0.85 1"-..1'-
~ 90, t---
I I I
o.9o 1
Il l I I r----::: ~ 0~ ::::::;::::r-
'r-
~
I I I 1°?1 1 I f.- -~~ r---.
0.98
I o.94 -.......___
~ t--j:::: :::.::::
I I II
: 1/~ f=-= ---- 1;::::::
I I
_ gl~= §§
1.02 1·.oo
I I I I I 0·?16 1-- t-- r-
3.0 I
I
I
I
t-1 I I
I I I I I
I n t-
1.06
J.().j
t - - - 1.02 ~----'....-
I I O.98 1.08 - 1·.06- ~
+-~ f-
I I I I I I~ ;..;.-- _.......-
I I I I I I I
IY 0 1.1 5
2. 0 I
I
II- - II- I- I I I
I I I I I ,- 1/Vt v e---
---
....-

-
I I I I
1- 1- I I w f-l-

r~~. ~~w~ /
1) 20 1.30
I I I I
I I I I /
...--- vi-
v
FIGURE A-30
I.
o : : I y~<\'fj;~~~~ 1.50 C:f-r
----
~
Generalized entropy departure chart. 1 1 k;;: ~ , , ,\l / V vr
Source: John R. Howell and Richard 0. Buckius,
~9~~v~~y~o
..:...-6:::::: ~~ (~~.::
~ :~
~~~~-v
2.50 f...--f-1--
1--
0 I~ 1 00
Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics,
Sf Version (NeiV York: M cGraw-Hill, 1987), p. 559,
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.40.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.05 .0 10 20 30
fig. C.3, and p. 561 , _fig. C.5. Reduced press ure. PR
 ASI-IRAE Psychrometric Chart No.1
Normal Temperature
@ft1l
..~1>
Barometric Pressure: I01.325 kPa E

© 1992 American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. lnc.

Sea Level

. -·-s.o 120
\O.O
Sensible heat l!Jis - 2.0
Total heat = llH r
0.45
"i"""S ::li
80~~-..,L-.-1-
- ~ ;a:::
~....
110
0.50
T
"'
Entha lpy l:JJ1 ·':-..0~"'70"'
<.~
F>...I A
]lg
Humidity ra tio = Aw'"
~~~.Q: " "'
:0-
·~ 2
0.55
'*-':::-ofv ~~
I
~\:'.

vj';s-'>""" 60 0.60

0.65
50
0.70

0.75
40 0.80
0.85
15 ~ 0.90
30 0.95
1.0

~llf'"
10
20
"'-..;
.,....;

~
~ .. -.. v-
~ r::To ·--~
1::71\ '<A

II
· L.--'
s· ;..>
p 4
, . f\: . r>:<
. ::::Ji:~ 60
- f:= ~-
~ ;<;:::: :+;:::=
'=='::±: ~
->:\-

0
. . ._ ::;.,---......:::
10
'
""' "' o;;;;;;.,.:..

""
20 ""'-'
...... [" -...... ...... ~
30
...... ...... ...... "t-.....::'~
40 50
Dry bulb temperature °C

Prepared by Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies. U ni versity of Idaho.

FIGURE A-31
Psychrometric chart at 1 atm tota l pressure.
Reprinted by permission of th e American Society of HeaTing, Refrigera ting and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc .. Atlanta, GA ; used with permission.
956 Thermodynamics

1
v+ +
Ma* = Ma /
2 (k -
k
I )Ma 2
TABLE A-32

I [(-2)( ~
One-dimens ional isentropic compressible flow functions for an ideal
~ =_ 2)]0.5(k+ l)i(k I)
gas with k = 1.4
A* + +
Ma k I I 2 Ma
Ma Ma * AlA* PIP0 plpo T/T0
p ( k- I ) - ki(k - IJ
-= I + - - Ma2
Po 2 ' 0 0 00 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
p ( k- 1 ) - lt(k- ll
0.1 0.1094 5.8218 0.9930 0 .9950 0.9980
- = I + - - Ma2 0.2 0.2182 2.9635 0.9725 0.9803 0.992 L
Po 2 0.3 0.3257 2.0351 0.9395 0.9564 0.9823
~ = (~ +k; I Mazr '
0.4
0.5
0.4313
0.5345
1.5901
1.3398
0.8956
0.8430
0.9243
0.8852
0 .9690
0.9524
0.6 0.6348 1.1882 0.7840 0.8405 0.932.8
0.7 0.7318 1.0944 0.7209 0.7916 0.9107
0 .8 0.8251 1.0382 0.6560 0.7400 0.8865
0.9 0.9146 1.0089 0.5913 0.6870 0.8606
1.0 1.0000 1.0000 0.5283 0.6339 0.8333
1.2 1.1583 1.0304 0.4124 0.5311 0.776 4
1.4 1.2999 1.1149 0.3142 0.4374 0.7184
1.6 1.4254 1.2502 0.2353 0.3557 0.6614
1.8 1.5360 1.4390 0.1740 0.2868 0.6068
2.0 1.6330 1.6875 0.1278 0.2300 0.5555
2.2 1.7179 2.0050 0.0935 0.1841 0.5081
2.4 1.7922 2.4031 0.0684 0.1472 0.4647
2.6 1.8571 2.8960 0.0501 0 .1179 0.4252
2.8 1.9140 3.5001 0.0368 0 .0946 0.3894
3.0 1.9640 4.2346 0.0272 0 .0760 0.3571
5.0 2.2361 25.000 0.0019 0.0113 0.1657
oc 2.2495 ex 0 0 0

3.0-,-- , . - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - -- - --,-------,
AlA •

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

 To1 = To2 TABLE A-33
,--------,--
(k - I )MaT+ 2
Ma 2 = One-dimensional norma l shock functions for an ideal gas with k = 1.4
2kMaT- k + I
Ma1 Ma2 Pz!Pl PziP1 Tz!Tl Paz! Pol PoziPl
P2 I + kMaT 2kMaT - k + I
P1 I + kM a ~ k + I 1.0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.8929
1.1 0.9118 1.2450 1.1691 1.0649 0.9989 2.1328
P 2 = P/ P 1 (k + I)MaT V1 1.2 0.8422 1.5133 1.3416 1.1280 0 .9928 2.4075
P1 T/ T1 2 + (k - I)MaT V2 1.3 0.7860 1.8050 1.5157 1.1909 0.9794 2.7136
T2 2 + MaT(k - I) 1.4 0.7397 2.1200 1.6897 1.2547 0.9582 3 .0492
1.5 0.7011 2.4583 1.8621 1.3202 0.9298 3.4133
T1 2 + Ma~(k - I) 0.6684 2.8200 2.0317 1.3880 0.8952 3.8050
1.6
P02 = Ma [1+ Ma~ (k -
1 I)/2](H I)tl 2 (k - l)l 1.7 0 .6405 3.2050 2.1977 1.4583 0.8557 4.2238
P0 1 Ma 2 I + MaT(k - I )/2 1.8 0.6165 3.6133 2. 3592 1.5316 0.8127 4.6695
1.9 0.5956 4.0450 2.5157 1.6079 0.7674 5.1418
P02 ( I + kMaf)[ l + Ma~(k - 1)/2]kt<H>
2.0 0 .5774 4.5000 2.6667 1.6875 0.7209 5.6404
P1 I + kMa~ 2.1 0.5613 4.9783 2.8119 1. 7705 0.6742 6.1654
2.2 0. 5471 5.4800 2. 951 2 1.8569 0.6 281 6.7165
2.3 0.5344 6.00 50 3.0845 1.9468 0.5833 7.2937
2. 4 0.5231 6.5533 3.2119 2.0403 0.5401 7.8969
2.5 0.51 30 7.1250 3.3333 2.1375 0.4990 8.5261
2.6 0 .5039 7.7200 3.4490 2.2383 0.4601 9.1813
2.7 0.4956 8.3383 3.5590 2.3429 0.4 236 9.8624
2.8 0.4882 8.9800 3.6636 2.4512 0.3895 10.5694
2.9 0.4814 9.6450 3.7629 2.5632 0.3577 11.3022
3.0 0.4752 10.3333 3.8571 2.6790 0.3 283 12 .0610
4.0 0.4350 18.5000 4.5714 4.0469 0.1388 21.0681
5.0 0.4152 29.000 5.0000 5.8000 0.0617 32 .6335
00 0 .3780 00 6.0000 00 0 00

5.0 --.--- - - - - - - - --r--- . , . - - - - - - - ; - - - - - - - ,

I
I

1/ P2/Pi
I
I
I
I
4.0 I
I
I
I
I
/
/
I
"'c0 I
/

I
·~ 3.0 /
c I
I

2 I
I

..:< I
g
~

~ 2.0
--
z
0
--
1.0

1.0 1.5 2.5 3.0

958 Thermodynamics
To + l)Ma 2 [2 + (k - l)Ma 2]
(k
TABLE A-34
T(; ( I + kMa 2) 2
Rayleigh flow functions for an ideal gas with k = 1.4
Po= k + I (2 + (k - I)Ma 2) kl(k - l)

P'ri I + kMa 2 k+ I Ma Tal To Pd Pa TI T* PIP* VIV*

T (Ma( I + k)) 2 0.0 0.0000 1.2679 0.0000 2.4000 O.OOOD

T* = I + kMa 2 0.1 0.0468 1.2591 0.0560 2.3669 0.0237
0.2 0.1736 1.2346 0.2066 2.2727 0.090:!
P I+k
0.3 0.3469 1.1985 0.4089 2.1314 0.1913
P* I + kMa 2 0.4 0.5290 1.1566 0.6151 1.9608 0.3137
V p* (I+ k)Ma 2 0.5 0.6914 1.1141 0 .7901 1.7778 0.4444
- = - = -'-----:--2 0.6 0.8189 1.0753 0.9167 1.5957 0.5745
V* p J + kMa
0.7 0.9085 1.0431 0.9929 1.4235 0.6975
0.8 0.9639 1.0193 1.0255 1.2658 0.8101
0.9 0.9921 1.0049 1.0245 1.1246 0.911J
1.0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 l.OOOJ
1.2 0.9787 1.0194 0 .9118 0 .7958 1.1459
1.4 0.9343 1.0777 0.8054 0.6410 1.2564
1.6 0.8842 1.1756 0.7017 0.5236 1.3403
1.8 0.8363 1.31 59 0.6089 0.4335 1.4046
2. 0 0.7934 1.5031 0 .5289 0.3636 1.4545
2.2 0.7561 1.7434 0.4611 0.3086 1.4938
2.4 0.7242 2. 0451 0.4038 0.2648 1.5252
2. 6 0.6970 2. 4177 0.3556 0.2294 1.5505
2. 8 0.6738 2.8731 0 .3 149 0.2004 1.5711
3. 0 0.6540 3. 4245 0.2803 0.1765 1.5882

3.5

3.0

2.5
V>
t:
.9
u
..2 2.0
~
0
c;: v;v·
~n 1.5
·o;
-,;:,
~"'
1.0 --
/
;
... ...
//
/

/
...
0.5 /
/
/
/ /

;
...
... ...
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Ma
 Append'x 2
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS)

Table A-1 E Molar mass, ga constant, and Table A-16E Properties of the atmosphere at high
critical-poi nt properties a ltitude
Table A-2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various Table A-17E Ideal-gas properties of air
common gases Table A-18E Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2
Table A-3E Properties of common liquids, solids, Table A-19E Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, 0 2
and foods Table A-20E Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide,
Table A-4E Saturated water-Temperature table C02
Table A-5E Saturated water-Pressure table Table A-21 E Ideal-gas properties of carbon
Table A-6E Superheated water monoxide, CO
Table A-7E Compressed liquid water Table A-22E Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H 2
Table A-BE Saturated ice-water vapor Table A-23E Ideal-gas properties of water vapor,
H 20
Figure A-9E T-s diagram fo r water
Table A-26E Enthalpy of formation , Gibbs function
Figure A-1 OE Mollier diagram for water
of formation, and abso lute entropy at
Table A-11 E Saturated refrigerant- 134a- 77°C, I atm
Temperature table
Table A-27E Properties of some common fuels and
Table A-12E Saturated refrigerant-134a- Pressure hydrocarbons
table
Figure A-31 E Psychrometric chart at I atm total
Table A-13E Superheated refrigerant-l34a pressure
Figure A-14E P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a
960 Ther1111odynamics

TABLE A-lE
Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties
Gas constant, R Critical-point properties
Molar
mass, M Btu/ psia · ft 3/ Temperature , Pressure, Volume,
Substance Formula lbm/lbmol Ibm · R* Ibm · R* R psi a ft 3/lbmol
Air 28.9 7 0.06855 0.3704 238.5 547 1.41
Ammonia NH 3 17.03 0.1166 0.6301 729.8 1636 1.16
Argon Ar 39.948 0.04971 0.2686 272 705 1.20
Benzene C6H6 78.115 0.02542 0.1374 1012 71 4 4.1 7
Bromine Br 2 159.808 0.01243 0.06714 1052 1500 2.17
n-Butane C4 H10 58.124 0.03417 0.1846 765.2 551 4.08
Carbon dioxide C0 2 44.01 0.04513 0.2438 547.5 1071 1.51
Carbon monoxide co 28.0 11 0.07090 0.3 831 240 507 1.49
Carbon tetrachlorid1e CC1 4 153.82 0.01291 0.06976 1001.5 661 4.42
Chlorine Cl 2 70.906 0.02801 0.1517 751 1120 1.99
Chloroform CHCI 3 119.38 0.01664 0.08988 965.8 794 3.85
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) CCI 2F2 120.91 0.01643 0.08874 692.4 582 3.49
Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21) CHCI 2F 102.92 0.01930 0.1043 813.0 749 3.16
Ethane C2H6 30.020 0.06616 0.3574 549.8 708 2.37
Ethyl alcohol C2H5 0H 46.07 0.04311 0.2329 929.0 926 2.68
Ethylene C2H4 28.054 0.07079 0.3825 508.3 742 1.99
Helium He 4.003 0.4961 2.6809 9.5 33.2 0.926
n-Hexane C5H14 86.178 0.02305 0.1245 914.2 439 5.89
Hydrogen (normal) H2 2.016 0.9851 5.3224 59.9 188.1 1.04
Krypton Kr 83.80 0.02370 0.1280 376.9 798 1.48
Methane CH 4 16.043 0.1238 0.6688 343.9 673 1.59
Methyl alcohol CH30H 32.042 0.06198 0.3349 923.7 1154 1.89
Methyl chloride CH 3CI 50.488 0.03934 0.2125 749.3 968 2.29
Neon Ne 20. 183 0.09840 0.53 16 80.1 395 0.668
Nitrogen N2 28.01 3 0.07090 0.3830 227.1 492 1.44
Nitrous oxide N20 44.013 0.04512 0.2438 557.4 1054 1.54
Oxygen 02 31.999 0.06206 0.3353 278.6 736 1.25
Propane C3Ha 44.097 0.04504 0.2433 665.9 617 3.20
Propylene C3H6 42.081 0.04719 0.2550 656.9 670 2.90
Sulfur dioxide so2 64.063 0.03100 1.1675 775.2 1143 1.95
Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) CF 3CH 2F 102.03 0.01946 0.1052 673.6 588.7 3.19
Trichlorofluoromethane (R-11) CCI 3F 137.37 0.01446 0.07811 848.1 635 3.97
Water H20 18.015 0.1102 0.5956 1164.8 3200 0.90
Xenon Xe 131.30 0.01513 0.08172 521.55 852 1.90

*Calculated from R = R,IM, where Ru = 1.98588 Btu/lbmol · R = 10.7316 psia · ft 3/ lbmol · R and M is the molar mass.
Source: K. A. Kobe and~. E. Lynn , Jr., Chemical Review 52 (19 53), pp. 117-236, and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: American
Society of Heating, Refr 5erating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, In c., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36. 1.
 Appendix 2 961

TABLE A-2E
Ideal -gas specific heats of various common gases
(a) At 80°F

Gas constant, R cP cv
Gas Formula Btu/Ibm · R Btu/Ibm · R Btu/Ibm · R k
Air 0.06855 0.240 0.171 1.400
Argon Ar 0.04971 0.1253 0.0756 1.667
Butane C1 H 10 0.03424 0.415 0.381 1.09
Carbon dioxide C0 2 0.04513 0.203 0.158 1.285
Carbon monoxide co 0.07090 0.249 0.178 1.399
Ethane C2H6 0.06616 0.427 0.361 1.183
Ethylene C2H4 0 .07079 0.411 0.340 1.208
Helium He 0.4961 1.25 0.753 1.667
Hydrogen H2 0.9851 3 .43 2.44 1.404
Methane CH 4 0.1238 0.532 0.403 1.32
Neon Ne 0.09840 0.246 0.1477 1.667
Nitrogen N2 0.07090 0.248 0.177 1.400
Octane CsHls 0.01742 0.409 0.392 1.044
Oxygen 02 0.06206 0.219 0.157 1.395
Propane C3Hs 0.04504 0.407 0.362 1.124
Steam H20 0.1102 0.445 0 .335 1.329
Source: Gordon J. Van Wylen and Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, English/5 1 Version, 3rd ed .
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986), p. 687, Table A- 8E.
962 Thermodynamics

lABILE A-2E
lde<al-gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued)
(b) At various temperatures
Termp., Cp Cv cP cv cP Cv
OF Btu/Ibm . R Btu/Ibm · R k Btu/Ibm · R Btu/Ibm · R k Btu/Ibm . R Btu/Ibm · R k
Air Carbon dioxide, C02 Carbon monoxide, CO
Lil-0 0.240 0.171 1.401 0.195 0.150 1.300 0.248 0.177 1.400
lCOO 0.240 0.172 1.400 0.205 0.160 1.283 0.249 0.178 1.399
2COO 0.241 0.173 1.397 0.217 0.172 1.262 0.249 0.179 1.397
3(00 0.243 0.174 1.394 0.229 0.184 1.246 0.251 0.180 1.394
4(00 0.245 0.176 1.389 0.239 0.193 1.233 0.253 0.182 1.389
5(00 0.248 0.179 1.383 0.247 0.202 1.223 0.256 0.185 1.384
6(00 0.250 0.182 1.377 0.255 0.2 10 1.215 0.259 0.188 1.377
70)0 0.254 0.185 1.371 0.262 0.217 1.208 0.262 0.191 1.371
8~)0 0 .257 0.188 1.365 0.269 0 .224 1.202 0.266 0.195 1.364
9~)0 0.259 0.191 1.358 0.275 0.230 1.197 0 .269 0.198 1.357
106)0 0.263 0.195 1.353 0.280 0 .235 1.192 0.273 0.202 1.351
1500 0.276 0 .208 1.330 0.298 0 .253 1.178 0 .287 0.216 1.328
2000 0.286 0. 217 1.312 0.312 0 .267 1.169 0.297 0.226 1.314

Hydrogen, H2 Nitrogen, N2 Oxygen, 0 2

40 3.397 2.412 1.409 0.248 0.177 1.400 0 .219 0.156 1.397
100 3.426 2.441 1.404 0.248 0.178 1.399 0.220 0.158 1.394
200 3.451 2.466 1.399 0.249 0.178 1.398 0 .223 0.161 1.387
3)0 3.461 2.476 1.398 0.250 0.179 1.396 0.226 0.164 1.378
4)0 3.466 2.480 1.397 0.251 0.180 1.393 0.230 0.168 1.368
5)0 3.469 2.484 1.397 0.254 0.183 1.388 0 .235 0.173 1.360
6)0 3.473 2.488 1.396 0.256 0.185 1.383 0 .239 0.177 1.352
no 3.477 2.492 1.395 0.260 0.189 1.377 0.242 0.181 1.344
8)0 3.494 2.509 1.393 0.262 0.191 1.371 0.246 0.184 1.337
9)0 3.502 2.5 19 1.392 0.265 0.194 1.364 0.249 0.187 1.331
10)0 3.513 2.528 1.390 0.269 0.198 1.359 0 .252 0.190 1.326
15)0 3.618 2.633 1.374 0.283 0.212 1.334 0 .263 0.201 1.309
20)0 3.758 2.773 1.355 0.293 0 .222 1.319 0 .270 0.208 1.298

Nob: The unit Btu/I bm· R is equivalent to Btu/Ibm . •f.

Sauce: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed . (New York: McGraw-Hill , 1983), p. 830, Table A-4. Originally publi shed in Tables of Properties of
Ga51s, NBS Circular 564, 1955.
 Appendix 2 963

TABLE A- 2E
Ideal-gas spec ific heats of va ri ous common gases (Conc luded)
(c) As a funct ion of temperature

cP = a + bT c T2 + dT3
( T 1n R, cP 1n Btu/lbmol · R)

Temperature
% error
Substance Formula a b c d range, R Max. Avg.

Nitrogen 6.903 - 0.02085 X 10- 2 0.05957 X lQ - 5 - 0.1176 X 10- 9 491-3240 0.59 0.34
Oxygen 6.085 0.2017 X 10- 2 - 0.05275 X lQ - 5 0 .05372 X 10- 9 491-3240 1.19 0.28
Air 6.713 0.02609 X 10- 2 0.03540 X lQ - 5 - 0.08052 X 10- 9 491-3240 0. 72 0.33
Hydrogen H2 6.952 - 0.02542 X 10 2 0.02952 x w - 5 - 0.03565 X 10- 9 491-3240 1.02 0.26
Carbon monoxide co 6.726 0.02222 X 10 2 0.03960 X lQ -5 - 0.09100 X 10- 9 491-3240 0.89 0.37
Carbon dioxide C0 2 5.316 0.79361 X 10 2 - 0.2581 X lQ -5 0 .3059 X 10- 9 491-3240 0.67 0.22
Water vapor H20 7.700 0.02552 X 10 2 0.07781 x w - 5 - 0.1472 X 10- 9 491-3240 0.53 0.24
Nitric oxide NO 7.008 - 0.01247 X 10 2 0.07185 X lQ - 5 - 0.1715 X 10- 9 491-2700 0.97 0.36
Nitrous oxide N20 5.758 0.7780 X 10 2 - 0.2596 X lQ - 5 0.4331 X 10- 9 491-2700 0.59 0.26
Nitrogen dioxide N0 2 5.48 0 .7583 X 10- 2 - 0.260 X lQ -5 0.322 x w-9 491-2700 0.46 0.18
Ammonia N H3 6.5846 0 .34028 X 10- 2 0.073034 X lQ - 5 - 0.27402 X 10- 9 491-2700 0.91 0.36
Sulfur 52 6.499 0 .2943 X 10- 2 - 0.1200 X lQ - 5 0.1632 X 10- 9 491 -3240 0.99 0.38
SuI fur dioxide 502 6.157 0.7689 X 10- 2 - 0.2810 X I0- 5 0.3527 X 10- 9 491-3240 0.45 0.24
Sulfur trioxide 503 3.918 1.935 X 10- 2 - 0.8256 X lQ - 5 1.328 X 10- 9 491-2340 0.29 0.13
Acetylene C2H2 5.21 1.2227 X 10- 2 - 0.4812 X lQ - 5 0.7457 x w-9 491-2700 1.46 0.59
Benzene C6H6 - 8.650 6.4322 X 10- 2 - 2.327 X lQ - 5 3.179 X 10- 9 491-2700 0.34 0.20
Methanol CH 4 0 4.55 1.214 X 10- 2 - 0.0898 X lQ - 5 - 0.329 x w-9 491-1800 o.18 0.08
Ethanol C2H60 4.75 2.781 X 10- 2 - 0.7651 X lQ - 5 0.821 x w-9 491-2700 o.4o 0.22
Hydrogen ch loride HCI 7.244 - 0. 1011 X 10- 2 0.09783 X lQ - 5 - 0.1776 x w-9 491-2740 0.22 0.08
Methane CH 4 4.750 0 .6666 X 10- 2 0.09352 X lQ - 5 - 0.4510 X 10- 9 491-2740 1.33 0.57
Ethane C2H6 1.648 2.291 x w-2 - 0.4722 X lQ - 5 0.2984 X 10- 9 491 -2740 0.83 0.28
Propane C3Ha - 0.966 4.044 x w-2 - 1.159 X lQ - 5 1.300 X 10- 9 491-2740 0.40 0.12
n-Butane C4 H10 0 .945 4.929 x w-2 - 1.352 X lQ - 5 1.433 X 10- 9 491-2740 0.54 0.24
i-Butane C4 H10 - 1.890 5.520 x w-2 - 1.696 X lQ - 5 2 .044 X 10- 9 491 -2740 0 .25 0.13
n-Pentane C5HJ2 1. 618 6.028 x w-2 - 1.656 X lQ - 5 1.732 X 10- 9 491 -2740 0.56 0.21
n- Hexane C6HI4 1.657 7.328 x w-2 - 2.112 x w -s 2.363 X 10- 9 491 -2740 0.72 0.20
Ethylene C2H4 0.944 2.075 x w-2 - 0.6151 x w-5 0 .7326 X 10- 9 491 -2740 0.54 0.13
Propylene C3H6 0 .753 3.162 x w-2 - 0.8981 x w -5 1.008 X 10- 9 491 -2740 0.73 0.17

Source: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3/E by Kyle, B. G. , © 2000. Adapted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
964 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-3E
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods
(a) Liquids
Boiling data at 1 atm Freezing data Liquid properties
Normal Latent heat of Latent heat Specific
boiling vaporization, Freezing of fus ion, TemperatJre, Dens ity, heat, cP
Substance point, oF h,8 Btu/Ibm point , oF h;r Btu/Ibm OF p lbm/ft 3 Btu/Ibm · R

Ammonia -2 7.9 24.54 - 107.9 138.6 - 27.9 42.6 1.06

0 41.3 1.083
40 39.5 1.103
80 37.5 1.135
Argon -302 .6 69.5 - 308.7 12 .0 - 302.6 87.0 0.272
Benzene 176.4 169.4 41.9 54.2 68 54.9 0.411
Brine (20%
sodium chloride
by mass) 219.0 - 0.7 - 68 71.8 0.743
n-Butane 31.1 165.6 - 217.3 34.5 31.1 37.5 0.552
Carbon dioxide - 109.2* 99.6 (at 32°F) - 69.8 - 32 57.8 0.583
Ethanol 172.8 360.5 - 173.6 46.9 77 48.9 0.588
Ethyl alcohol 173.5 368 - 248.8 46.4 68 49.3 0.678
Ethylene glycol 388.6 344.0 12.6 77.9 68 69.2 0 .678
Glycerine 355.8 419 66.0 86.3 68 78.7 0 .554
Helium - 452 .1 9.80 - - - 452.1 9.13 5.45
Hydrogen - 423 .0 191.7 - 434 .5 25.6 - 423 .0 4.41 2.39
Iso butane 10.9 157.8 - 255.5 45 .5 10.9 37.1 0.545
Kerosene 399-559 108 - 12.8 - 68 51.2 0.478
Mercury 674.1 126.7 - 38.0 4 .90 77 847 0.033
Methane - 258.7 219.6 296. 0 25. 1 - 258.7 26 .4 0.834
- 160 20.0 1.074
Methanol 148.1 473 - 143.9 42.7 77 49.1 0.609
Nitrogen - 32 0.4 85.4 - 346.0 10.9 - 320.4 50.5 0.492
- 260 38.2 0.643
Octane 256 .6 131.7 - 71.5 77.9 68 43.9 0.502
Oil (light) - - 77 56.8 0.430
Oxygen - 297.3 91.5 - 361.8 5.9 - 297.3 71.2 0.408
Petroleum - 99- 165 68 40.0 0.478
Propane - 43 .7 184.0 -305.8 34.4 - 43.7 36 .3 0.538
32 33.0 0.604
100 29 .4 0.673
Refrigerant-134a - 15.0 93 .3 - 141.9 - - 40 88.5 0.283
- 15 86.0 0 .294
32 80.9 0 .318
90 73 .6 0.348
Water 212 970.1 32 143.5 32 62.4 1.01
90 62 .1 1.00
150 61.2 1.00
212 59.8 1.01

* Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple-point pressure of 75.1 psia, ca rbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-point
temperature of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperature of - 69.8°F.)
 "t'f"VIIUin ._

TABLE A-3E
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Continued)
(b) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise)

Specific Specific
Density, heat, cP Den si ty, heat, cP
Substance p lbm/ft3 Btu/Ibm · R Substance p lbm/ft 3 Btu/Ibm · R

Metals Nonmetals
Aluminum Asphalt 132 0.220
- 100°F 0.192 Brick , common 120 0.189
32° F 0 .212 Brick, fireclay (500°C) 144 0. 229
100°F 170 0.2 18 Concrete 144 0.156
200°F 0 .224 Clay 62.4 0 .220
300°F 0.229 Diamond 151 0.147
400°F 0.235 Glass, window 169 0.191
500°F 0 .240 Glass, pyrex 139 0.200
Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn , 517 0 .0955 Graphite 156 0 .1 70
2% AI) Granite 169 0.243
Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 519 0.0955 Gypsum or plaster board 50 0.260
35% Zn) Ice
Copper - 50°F 0 .4 24
- 60°F 0.0862 0°F 0.471
0°F 0.0893 20°F 0.491
100°F 555 0 .0925 32 °F 57.5 0.502
200°F 0.0938 Limestone 103 0.217
390°F 0.0963 Marble 162 0.210
Iron 490 0.107 Plywood (Douglas fir) 34.0
Lead 705 0.030 Rubber (soft) 68.7
Magnesium 108 0 .239 Rubber (hard) 71.8
Nickel 555 0.105 Sand 94.9
Silver 655 0.056 Stone 93.6
Steel, mild 489 0.119 Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.) 45 .0
Tungsten 1211 0.031 Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc.) 32.0

(c) Food s

Specific heat, Specific heat,

Latent Water Latent
Btu/Ibm · R Btu/Ibm · R
Water Freezing heat of content, Freezing heat of
content, point, Above Below fu sion, % point, Above Below fusion ,
Food %(mass) OF freezing freezing Btu/Ibm Food (mass) OF freezing freezing Btu/Ibm

Apples 84 30 0 .873 0.453 121 Lettuce 95 32 0.961 0.487 136

Bananas 75 31 0.801 0.426 108 Milk , whole 88 31 0.905 0.465 126
Beef round 67 0.737 0.402 96 Oranges 87 31 0.897 0.462 125
Broccoli 90 31 0.921 0.471 129 Potatoes 78 31 0.8 25 0.435 112
Butter 16 0.249 23 Salmon fish 64 28 0.713 0.393 92
Cheese, Swiss 39 14 0.513 0.318 56 Shrimp 83 28 0.865 0.450 119
Cherries 80 29 0.841 0.441 115 Spinach 93 31 0 .945 0.481 134
Chicken 74 27 0.793 0.423 106 Strawberries 90 31 0. 21 0.471 129
Corn, sweet 74 31 0.793 0.423 106 Tomatoes, ripe 94 31 0.953 0.484 135
Eggs, whole 74 31 0.793 0.423 106 Turkey 64 0.713 0.393 92
Ice cream 63 22 0.705 0.390 90 Watermelon 93 31 0.945 0.481 134

Source: Values are obtained from various handbooks and other sources or are calcu lated. Water content and freezing-point data of food s are from
ASH RAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, 1-P version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc ., 1993),
Chap. 30, Table 1. Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average free zing temperature for other
966 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-4E
Saturated water- Temperature table
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
ft 3 /lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm · R
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp., press., liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid , Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
T °F P,. 1 psia v1 vg u, u,g Ug h, h,g hg s, s,g Sg

32 .018 0 .08871 0.01602 3299.9 0.000 1021.0 1021.0 0.000 1075.2 1075.2 0.00000 2 .1 8672 2.1867
35 0.09998 0.01602 2945 .7 3.004 1019.0 1022.0 3.004 1073.5 1076.5 0.00609 2.17011 2.1762
40 0.12173 0.01602 2443 .6 8.032 1015.6 1023.7 8.032 1070.7 1078.7 0.01620 2.14271 2. 1589
45 0.14756 0.0 1602 2035.8 13.05 1012.2 1025.3 13.05 1067.8 1080.9 0.02620 2.11587 2.1421
50 0.17812 0.01602 1703 .1 18.07 1008.9 1026.9 18.07 1065.0 1083.1 0 03609 2.08956 2.1256
55 0.21413 0.01603 1430.4 23 07 1005.5 1028.6 23 .07 1062.2 1085.3 0.04586 2 .06377 2.1096
60 0.25638 0.01604 1206.1 28.08 1002.1 1030.2 28.08 1059.4 1087.4 0.05554 2.03847 2.0940
65 0.30578 0.01604 1020.8 33.08 998.76 1031.8 33.08 1056.5 1089.6 0.06511 2.01366 2.0788
70 0.36334 0.01605 867.18 38.08 995.39 1033.5 38.08 1053.7 1091.8 0.07 459 1. 9893 1 2.0639
75 0.43016 0.01606 739.27 43.07 992.02 1035.1 43 .07 1050.9 1093.9 0.08398 1.96541 2 .0494
80 0.50745 0.01607 632.41 48.06 988 65 1036.7 48.07 1048.0 1096.1 0.09328 1.94196 2.0352
85 0.59659 0.01609 542.80 53.06 985.28 1038.3 53 .06 1045.2 1098.3 0.10248 1.91892 2.0214
90 0.69904 0.01610 467.40 58.05 981.90 1040.0 58.05 1042.4 1100.4 0.11161 1.89630 2.0079
95 0.81643 0.01612 403.74 63.04 978.52 1041.6 63 .04 1039.5 1102.6 0.12065 1.87408 1.9947
100 0.95052 0.01613 349.83 68.03 975.14 1043.2 68.03 1036.7 1104.7 0.12961 1.85225 1. 9819
110 1.2767 0.01617 264.96 78.01 968.36 1046.4 78.02 1031.0 1109.0 0.14728 1.80970 1. 9570
120 1.695 1 0.01620 202.94 88.00 961.56 1049.6 88.00 1025.2 1113.2 0.16466 1.76856 1.9332
130 2.2260 0.01625 157.09 97 .99 954.73 1052.7 97.99 1019.4 1117.4 0.18174 1.72877 1.9105
140 2.8931 0.01629 122.81 107.98 947 .87 1055.9 107.99 1013.6 1121.6 0.19855 1. 69024 1. 8888
150 3 .7234 0.01634 96.929 117 .98 940.98 1059.0 117.99 1007.8 1125.7 0.21508 1.65291 1.8680
160 4.7474 0.01639 77.185 127.98 934.05 1062.0 128.00 1001.8 1129.8 0.23136 1.61670 1.8481
170 5.9999 0.01645 61.982 138.00 927.08 1065.1 138.02 995.88 1133.9 0.24739 1.58155 1.8289
180 7.5197 0.01651 50.17 2 148.02 920.06 1068.1 148.04 989.85 1137.9 0.26318 1.54741 1.8106
190 9.3497 0.01657 40.920 158.05 912.99 1071.0 158.08 983.76 1141.8 0.27874 1. 51421 1. 7930
200 11.538 0.01663 33 .613 168.10 905.87 1074.0 168.13 977.60 1145.7 0.29409 1.48191 1. 7760
210 14.136 0.01670 27.798 178.15 898.68 1076.8 178.20 971 .35 1149.5 0.30922 1.45046 1. 7597
212 14.709 0 .01671 26 .782 180.16 897. 24 1077.4 180. 2 1 970.09 1150.3 0.3 1222 1.44427 1. 7565
220 17.201 0.01677 23.136 188.22 891.43 1079.6 188.28 965.02 1153.3 0.32414 1.41980 1. 7 439
230 20.795 0.01684 19.374 198.31 884.10 1082.4 198.37 958.59 1157.0 0.33887 1.38989 1. 7288
240 24.985 0.01692 16.316 208.41 876.70 1085.1 208.49 952.06 1160.5 0.35342 1.36069 1.7141
250 29 .844 0.01700 13.816 218.54 869.21 1087.7 218.63 945.41 1164.0 0.36779 1.33216 1.6999
260 35.447 0.01708 11.760 228.68 861.62 1090.3 228.79 938.65 1167.4 0.38198 1.30425 1.6862
270 41.877 0.01717 10.059 238.85 853.94 1092.8 238.98 931.76 1170.7 0.39601 1.27694 1.6730
280 49.222 0.01726 8 .6439 249.04 846.16 1095.2 249.20 924.74 1173.9 0.40989 1.25018 1. 6601
290 57 .573 0.01 735 7.4607 259.26 838.27 1097.5 259.45 917.57 1177.0 0.42361 1.22393 1.6475
300 67.028 0.01745 6.4663 269.51 830.25 1099.8 269.73 910 .24 1180.0 0.43720 1.19818 1.6354
310 77 .691 0.01755 5.6266 279.79 822.11 1101.9 280.05 902.75 1182.8 0.45065 1.17289 1 .6235
320 89.667 0 .01 765 4 .9144 290.11 813.84 1104.0 290.40 895.09 1185.5 0.46396 1.14802 1.6120
330 103.07 0 .0 1776 4.3076 300.46 805.43 1105.9 300 .80 887.25 1188.1 0.47716 1. 12355 1.6007
340 118.02 0.01787 3.7885 310.85 796.87 1107.7 311.24 879.22 1190.5 0.49024 1.09945 1.5897
350 134.63 0 .01799 3.3425 321.29 788.16 1109.4 321.73 870.98 1192.7 0.50321 1.07570 1.5789
360 153.03 0 .01811 2.9580 331.76 779 .28 1111.0 332 .28 862.53 1194.8 0.51607 1.05227 1.5683
370 173.36 0 .01823 2.6252 342 .29 770.23 1112.5 342 .88 853.86 1196.7 0.52884 1.02914 1.5580
380 195.74 0.01836 2.3361 352.87 761.00 1113.9 353.53 844.96 1198.5 0.54152 1.00628 1.5478
390 220.33 0 .01850 2.0842 363 .50 751.58 1115.1 364.25 835.81 1200.1 0.55411 0.98366 1.5378
 Appendix 2 967
TABLE A-4E
Saturated water- Temperature table (Concluded)
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
ft 3 /lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm · R

Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.

Temp., press., liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor,
T °F P," psi a v, vg u, Urg Ug h, h18 h8 s, Srg Sg

400 247.26 0.01864 1.8639 37 4.19 741.97 1116.2 375.04 826 .39 1201.4 0.56663 0.96127 1.5279
410 276.69 0.01878 1.6706 384.94 732 .14 1117.1 385.90 816 .71 1202.6 0.57907 0 .93908 1.5182
420 308 .76 0.01894 1.5006 395.76 722 .08 1117.8 396.84 806.74 1203.6 0.59145 0.91707 1. 5085
430 343 .64 0.01910 1.3505 406.65 711.80 1118.4 407.86 796.46 1204.3 0.60377 0.89522 1.4990
440 381.49 0.01926 1. 2178 417.61 701.26 1118.9 418 .97 785.87 1204.8 0.61603 0.87349 1.4895

450 422.47 0.01944 1.0999 428.66 690.47 1119.1 430.18 774.94 1205.1 0.62826 0.85187 1.4801
460 466.75 0.01962 0.99510 439 .79 679.39 1119.2 441.48 763.65 1205.1 0.64044 0.83033 1.4708
470 514.52 0.01981 0.90 158 451.01 668.02 1119.0 452.90 751.98 1204.9 0.65260 0.80885 1.4615
480 565.96 0.0200 1 0.81794 462.34 656.34 1118.7 464.43 739.91 1204.3 0 .66474 0.78739 1.4521
490 621.24 0.02022 0.74296 473.77 644.32 1118.1 476 .09 727.40 1203.5 0.67686 0.76594 1.4428

500 680.56 0.02044 0.67558 485 .32 631.94 1117.3 487.89 714.44 1202.3 0.68899 0.74445 1.4334
510 744.11 0.02067 0.61489 496.99 619 .17 1116.2 499.84 700.99 1200.8 0.70112 0.72290 1.4240
520 812.11 0.02092 0.56009 508.80 605 .99 1114.8 511.94 687 .01 1199.0 0 .71327 0.70126 1.4145
530 884 .74 0 .02118 0.51051 520.76 592.35 1113.1 524.23 672.47 1196.7 0. 72546 0.6794 7 1.4049
540 962.24 0 .02146 0.46553 532 .88 578.23 1111.1 536.70 657.31 1194.0 0.73770 0.65751 1.3952

550 1044.8 0 .02176 0.42465 545.18 563.58 1108.8 549 .39 641.47 1190.9 0. 75000 0.63532 1.3853
560 1132.7 0.02207 0.38740 557 .68 548.33 1106.0 562.31 624.91 1187.2 0.76238 0.61284 1.3752
570 1226.2 0.02242 0.35339 570.40 532.45 1102.8 575.49 607.55 1183.0 0.77486 0.59003 1.3649
580 1325.5 0.02279 0.32225 583.37 515.84 1099.2 588.95 589.29 1178.2 0.78748 0.56679 1.3543
590 1430.8 0.02319 0.29367 596.61 498.43 1095.0 602.75 570.04 1172.8 0.80026 0.54306 1.3433

600 1542.5 0 .02362 0.26737 610.18 480.10 1090.3 616.92 549.67 1166.6 0.81323 0.51871 1.3319
610 1660.9 0 .02411 0.24309 624 .11 460.73 1084.8 631.52 528.03 1159.5 0.82645 0.49363 1.3201
620 1786.2 0.02464 0.22061 638.47 440.14 1078.6 646.62 504 .92 1151.5 0.83998 0.46765 1.3076
630 1918.9 0.02524 0.19972 653.35 418 .12 1071.5 662.32 480.07 1142.4 0.85389 0.44056 1.2944
640 2059 .3 0.02593 0.18019 668 .86 394.36 1063.2 678.74 453 .1 4 1131.9 0.86828 0.41206 1.2803

650 2207.8 0.02673 0.16184 685.16 368.44 1053.6 696.08 423.65 1119.7 0.88332 0.38177 1.2651
660 2364 .9 0.02767 0.14444 702.48 339.74 1042.2 714 .59 390.84 1105.4 0.89922 0.34906 1.2483
670 2531.2 0.02884 0.12774 721.23 307.22 1028.5 734.74 353.54 1088.3 0.91636 0.31296 1.2293
680 2707.3 0 .03035 0.11134 742.11 269.00 1011.1 757.32 309.57 1066.9 0.93541 0.27163 1.2070
690 2894. 1 0.03255 0.09451 766 .81 220.77 987.6 784.24 253.96 1038.2 0. 95797 0.22089 1.1789

700 3093 .0 0.03670 0 07482 801.75 146.50 948 .3 822.76 168.32 991.1 0.99023 0.14514 1.1354
705.10 3200 .1 0 .04975 0.04975 866.61 0 866.6 896.07 0 896.1 1.05257 0 1.0526

Source: Tables A-4E through A- 8E are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The
routine used in calcu lations is the high ly accurate Steam_IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formu lation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary
Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This formulation
rep laces the 1984 formu lation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tabl es, Hemisphere Publishing Co. , 1984), whi ch is also available in EES
as th e routine STEAM. Th e new formulation is based on the corre lations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) with modifica-
tions to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss (J. Phys. Chern. Ref. Data, 22,
783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, "Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Ph ases of H20
from 173.15 K to 473.15 K," ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.
968 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-5E
Saturated water- Pressure tabl e
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
ft 3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm · R

Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat .

Press., temp. , liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, li qui d, Evap., vapor, liquid , Evap., vapor,
P psia T,.1 oF v, Vg u, Utg Ug h, h,g hg s, s,g Sg

101.69 0.01614 333.49 69.72 973.99 1043.7 69.72 1035.7 1105.4 0.13262 1.84495 1.977E
2 126.02 0.0 1623 173.71 94.02 957.45 105 1. 5 94.02 1021.7 1115.8 0.17499 1.74444 1.919<1
3 141.41 0.01630 118.70 109.39 946.90 1056.3 109.40 1012.8 1122.2 0.20090 1.68489 1.8358
4 152.91 0.0 1636 90 .629 120.89 938.97 1059.9 120.90 1006.0 1126.9 0.21985 1.64225 1.8521
5 162.18 0.01641 73 .525 130.17 932.53 1062.7 130.1 8 1000.5 1130.7 0.23488 1.60894 1.8B8
6 170.00 0.01645 61.982 138.00 927.08 1065.1 138.02 995 .88 1133.9 0.24739 1. 58155 1.8289
8 182.81 0.01652 47.347 150.83 918.08 1068.9 150.86 988.1 5 1139.0 0.26757 1.53800 1.8)56
10 193. 16 0.01659 38.425 161.22 910 .75 1072.0 161.25 98 1.82 1143.1 0.28362 1.50391 1. 7 37fS
14.696 211 .95 0.01671 26 .805 180.12 897.27 1077.4 180.16 970.12 1150.3 0.312 15 1.44441 1.7566
15 212 .99 0.0 1672 26.297 181.16 896 .52 1077.7 18 1. 21 969.47 1150.7 0.31370 1.44441 1.7549
20 227.92 0.0 1683 20 .093 196.2 1 885.63 1081.8 196.27 959.93 1156.2 0 .33582 1.39606 1.7319
25 240.03 0.0 1692 16.307 208.45 876.67 1085.1 208.52 952.03 1160.6 0.35347 1.36060 1.714 1
30 250.30 0.0 1700 13.749 218.84 868.98 1087 8 2 18 .93 945.21 1164.1 0 .3682 1 1.33132 1.6395
35 259.25 0.01708 11.901 227.92 862.19 1090.1 228.03 939.16 1167.2 0.38093 1.30632 1. 6372
40 267.22 0.01715 10.501 236.02 856.09 1092.1 236.14 933 .69 1169.8 0.392 13 1. 28448 1.6766
45 27 4.41 0.0 1721 9.4028 243.34 850.52 1093.9 243.49 928.68 1172.2 0.402 16 1. 26506 1.6572
50 280.99 0.01727 8.5175 250.05 845.39 1095.4 250.21 924.03 1174.2 0.41125 1. 24756 1.6588
55 287.05 0.01732 7.7882 256.25 840.61 1096.9 256.42 919.70 1176.1 0.41958 1. 23 162 1.6512
60 292.69 0.01738 7 .1766 262.01 836.13 1098. 1 262.20 915.61 1177.8 0.42728 1.21697 1.6442
65 297.95 0.0 1743 6 .6560 267.41 831.90 1099.3 267 .62 911.75 1179.4 0.43443 1. 20341 1.6378
70 302.91 0.0 1748 6 .2075 272.50 827.90 1100.4 272.72 908.08 1180.8 0.44112 1.19078 1.6319
75 307.59 0.01752 5 .8167 277.31 824.09 1101.4 277.55 904.58 1182.1 0.44741 1.17895 1.626L
80 312.02 0.0 1757 5.4733 281.87 820.45 1102.3 282.13 901.22 1183.4 0.45335 1.16783 1.6212
85 316 .24 0.01761 5.1689 286.22 816.97 1103.2 286.50 898.00 1184.5 0.45897 1.15732 1.6163
90 320.26 0.0 1765 4.8972 290.38 813 .62 1104.0 290.67 894 .89 1185.6 0.46431 1.14737 1.6117
95 324.11 0.0 1770 4.6532 294.36 810.40 1104.8 294.67 891.89 1186.6 0.4694 1 1.13791 1.6J73
100 327.81 0.0 1774 4.4327 298.19 807 .29 1105.5 298.51 888.99 1187.5 0.47427 1.12888 1.6J32
110 334.77 0.0 1781 4.0410 305.41 801.37 1106.8 305.78 883.44 1189.2 0.4834 1 1.11201 1.5354
120 341.25 0.0 1789 3 .7289 312.16 795.79 1107.9 312.55 878 .20 1190.8 0.49187 1.09646 1.5383
130 347 .32 0.01796 3.4557 318 .48 790.51 1109.0 318.92 873 .21 1192.1 0.49974 1.08204 1.5318
140 353.03 0.0 1802 3.2202 324 .45 785.49 1109.9 324.92 868 .45 1193.4 0.5071 1 1.06858 1.5757
150 358 .42 0.0 1809 3.0150 330.11 780.69 1110 8 330.61 863.88 1194.5 0 .51405 1.05595 1.5700
160 363.54 0.0 1815 2.8347 335.49 776.10 1111.6 336.02 859 .49 1195.5 0.5206 1 1.04405 1.5547
170 368.41 0.0 1821 2.6749 340 .62 771.68 1112.3 341.19 855.25 1196.4 0.52682 1.03279 1.5596
180 373.07 0.0 1827 2.5322 345.53 767.42 1113.0 346.14 851.16 1197.3 0 .53274 1.02210 1.5548
190 377.52 0.0 1833 2.4040 350.24 763.31 1113.6 350.89 847.19 1198.1 0.53839 1.01191 1.5503
200 381.80 0.01839 2.2882 354.78 759.32 1114.1 355.46 843 .33 1198.8 0.54379 1.00219 1.5460
250 400.97 0.0 1865 1.8440 375 .23 741.02 1116.3 376.09 825.47 1201.6 O.ti6784 0.95912 1.527 0
300 417.35 0.0 1890 1.5435 392 .89 724.77 1117 .7 393.94 809.41 1203.3 0.58818 0.92289 1.5111
350 431.7 4 0.01912 1.3263 408 .55 709.98 1118.5 409.79 794 .65 1204.4 0.60590 0.89143 1.4373
400 444.62 0.0 1934 1.1617 422.70 696.31 1119.0 424.13 780.87 1205.0 0.62168 0.86350 1.4352
450 456.31 0.01955 1.0324 435.67 683.52 1119.2 437.30 767.86 1205.2 0.63595 0.83828 1.4742
500 467.04 0.0 1975 0.92819 447.68 671.42 1119.1 449.51 755.48 1205.0 0.64900 0.8152 1 1.4542
550 476.97 0.01995 0.84228 458.90 659.91 1118.8 460.93 743 .60 1204.5 0.66107 0.79388 1.4550
600 486.24 0.02014 0. 77020 469 .46 648.88 1118.3 471.70 732.15 1203.9 0.67231 0.77400 1.4463
 Appendix 2 969

TABLE A- 5E
Saturated water-Pressure table (Concluded)
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
ft 3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm· R

Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.

Press., temp., liquid, vapor, li quid, Evap., vapor, l iquid, Evap., vapor, li qu id, Evap., vapor,
P psia Tsat oF v, Vg u, Urg Ug h, h,g hg s, s,g Sg

700 503.13 0.02051 0.65589 488.96 627.98 1116.9 491.62 710.29 1201.9 0.69279 0.7377 1 1.4305
800 518.27 0.02087 0.56920 506.74 608.30 1115 0 509.83 689 .48 1199.3 0.71117 0.70502 1.4162
900 532.02 0.02124 0.50107 523. 19 589.54 1112 7 526.73 669.46 1196.2 0.72793 0.67505 1.4030
1000 544.65 0.02159 0.44604 538.58 571.49 1110 1 542.57 650.03 1192.6 0.74341 0.64722 1.3906
1200 567.26 0.02232 0.36241 566.89 536.87 1103.8 571.85 612.39 1184.2 0.77143 0.59632 1.3677

1400 587.14 0.02307 0.30161 592 .79 503.50 1096.3 598.76 575.66 1174.4 0.79658 0.54991 1.3465
1600 604.93 0.02386 0.25516 616 .99 470.69 1087.7 624.06 539 .1 8 1163.2 0.81972 0.50645 1.3262
1800 62 1. 07 0.02470 0 .2183 1 640.03 437 .86 1077.9 648.26 502.35 1150.6 0.84144 0.46482 1.3063
2000 635 .85 0.02563 0.18815 662.33 404.46 1066.8 671.82 464.60 1136.4 0.86224 0.42409 1.2863
2500 668. 17 0.02860 0. 13076 717.67 3 13.53 1031.2 730 .90 360.79 1091.7 0.91311 0.31988 1.2330

3000 695.4 1 0.03433 0.08460 783.39 186.41 969.8 802.45 214 .32 1016.8 0.97321 0.18554 1.1587
3200 .1 705.10 0.04975 0.04975 866.61 0 866.6 896.07 0 896.1 1.05257 0 1.0526
970 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-6E
Superheated water
5 5
5
T v h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
u
OF ft 3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm· R ft 3 /lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm· R ft 3/lb m Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm · R

P = 1.0 psia (101.69°F)* P = 5.0 psia (162 .18°F) P = 10 psia (193. 16°F)
Satt 333.49 1043.7 1105.4 1.9776 73.525 1062 .7 1130.7 1.8438 38.425 1072.0 1143.1 1. 7875
200 392.53 1077.5 1150.1 2.0509 78.153 1076.2 1148.5 1.8716 38.849 1074.5 1146.4 1.7926
2£:0 416.44 1091.2 1168.3 2.0777 83.009 1090.3 1167.1 1.8989 41.326 10891 1165 .5 1.8207
280 440 .33 1105.0 1186.5 2. 1030 87.838 1104.3 1185 .6 1.9246 43.774 1103.4 1184.4 1.8469
320 464.20 1118.9 1204.8 2.1271 92.650 1118.4 1204.1 1.9490 46 .205 1117.6 1203. 1 1.8716
360 488.07 11 32.9 1223.3 2.1 502 97.452 11 32.5 1222.6 1.9722 48.624 1131.9 122 1.8 1 .8950
400 511.92 1147.1 1241.8 2.1 722 102.25 1146 .7 1241.3 1.9944 51.035 1146.2 1240.6 1.9174
440 535.77 1161.3 1260.4 2.1934 107.03 1160 .9 1260.0 2.0156 53.44 1 1160 5 1259 .4 1.9388
500 571.54 1182 .8 1288.6 2.2237 114.21 1182.6 1288.2 2.0461 57 .041 1182.2 1287.8 1.9693
600 631.14 1219.4 1336.2 2.2709 126. 15 1219. 2 1335.9 2.0933 63.029 1219.0 1335 .6 2.0167
700 690.73 1256.8 1384.6 2.3146 138.09 1256. 7 1384.4 2.1371 69 .007 1256.5 1384.2 2.0605
800 750 .31 1295.1 1433.9 2.3553 150.02 1294.9 1433 .7 2. 1778 74.980 1294.8 1433.5 2 .1 013
1000 869.47 1374.2 1535.1 2.4299 173.86 1374. 2 1535.0 2.2524 86.913 1374.1 1534.9 2. 1760
1200 988.62 1457.1 1640.0 2.4972 197.70 1457 .0 1640.0 2.3 198 98 .840 1457.0 1639.9 2.2433
1400 1107.8 1543.7 1748.7 2.5590 221.54 1543.7 1748.7 2.38 16 110.762 1543.6 1748.6 2.3052

P = 15 psia (212.99°F) p 20 psia (227 .92°F) P = 40 psi a (267 .22° F)

Sat. 26.297 1077.7 1150.7 1.7549 20.093 1081.8 1156.2 1. 7319 10.501 1092.1 1169.8 1.6766
240 27.429 1087.8 1163.9 1.7742 20.478 1086 5 1162 .3 1.7406
280 29.085 1102.4 1183.2 1.8010 21.739 1101.4 1181.9 1.7679 10.7 13 1097.3 1176.6 1 .6858
320 30.722 1116.9 1202.2 1.8260 22.980 1116.1 1201.2 1.7933 11 .363 1112.9 1197 .1 1.7128
360 32 348 1131.3 1221.1 1.8496 24.209 1130.7 1220.2 1.8171 11 .999 1128.1 1216.9 1.7376
400 33.965 1145.7 1239.9 1.8721 25.429 1145.1 1239.3 1.8398 12.625 1143.1 1236.5 1.7610
440 35.576 1160.1 1258.8 1.8936 26.644 1159.7 1258.3 1.8614 13.244 1157.9 1256.0 1. 783 1
500 37.986 1181.9 1287.3 1.9243 28.458 1181.6 1286.9 1.8922 14.165 1180.2 1285.0 1.8143
600 41.988 1218.7 1335.3 1.9718 31.467 1218.5 1334.9 1.9398 15.686 1217.5 1333. 6 1.8625
700 45 .981 1256 .3 1383.9 2.0 156 34.467 1256.1 1383.7 1.9837 17 .197 1255.3 1382.6 1.9067
800 49.967 1294.6 1433.3 2.0565 37.461 1294.5 1433.1 2.0247 18.702 1293.9 1432.3 1.9478
000 57.930 1374.0 1534.8 2.1312 43.438 1373.8 1534.6 2 0994 2 1.700 1373.4 1534.1 2.0227
1 200 65.885 1456.9 1639.8 2. 1986 49.407 1456 .8 1639.7 21668 24 .691 1456.5 1639.3 2.0902
1400 73.836 1543.6 1748.5 2.2604 55.373 1543.5 1748.4 2.2287 27.678 1543.3 1748.1 2. 1522
1 600 81.784 1634.0 1861.0 2.3178 61.335 1633.9 1860.9 2.286 1 30.662 1633.7 1860.7 2.2096

P = 60 psia (292.69°F) p 80 psia (312.02 °F) p 100 psi a (327 .81 °F)
s at. 7.1766 1098.1 1177.8 1.6442 5.4733 1102.3 1183. 4 1.6212 4.4327 1105.5 1187.5 1.6032
320 7.4863 1109.6 1192 .7 1.6636 5.5440 1105.9 1187.9 1.6271
360 7.9259 1125 .5 1213.5 1.6897 5.8876 1122.7 1209.9 1.6545 4.6628 1119.8 1206.1 1 .6263
400 8.3548 1140.9 1233.7 1.7138 6.2187 1138.7 1230.8 1.6794 4.9359 1136.4 1227.8 1 .6521
440 8 .7766 1156.1 1253 .6 1.7364 6 .5420 1154.3 1251.2 1.7026 5.2006 1152.4 1248.7 1.6759
500 9.4005 1178.8 1283 .1 1.7682 7.01771177.3 1281.2 1.7350 5.5876 1175.9 1279.3 1.7088
600 10.4256 1216.5 1332.2 1.8168 7 7951 1215.4 1330.8 1.7841 6 .2167 1214.4 1329.4 1.7586
700 11.4401 1254.5 1381.6 1.8613 8.5616 1253.8 1380.5 1.8289 6.8344 1253.0 1379.5 1.8037
800 12 .4484 1293.3 1431.5 1.9026 9.3218 1292 .6 1430.6 1.8704 7.4457 1292.0 1429.8 1.8453
1000 14.4543 1373.0 1533.5 1.9777 10.8313 1372 .6 1532.9 1.9457 8.6575 1372.2 1532.4 1.9208
1 200 16.4525 1456.2 1638.9 2.0454 12.333 1 1455.9 1638.5 2.0 135 9.8615 1455.6 1638.1 1 .9887
1400 18.4464 1543.0 1747.8 2.1073 13.8306 1542 .8 1747.5 2.0755 11.0612 1542.6 1747.2 2.0508
1 600 20.438 1633.5 1860.5 2.1648 15.3257 1633.3 1860.2 2.1330 12.2584 1633.2 1860.0 2.1083
1800 22.428 1727.6 1976.6 2.2 187 16.8192 1727.5 1976 .5 2.1 869 13 .4541 1727 .3 1976 .3 2.1622
2 000 24 .417 1825.2 2096.3 2.2694 18.3117 1825.0 2096 .1 2.2376 14.6487 1824.9 2096 .0 2.2 130
 Appendix 2 971

TABLE A-6E
Superheated water (Continued)
5 5 5
T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
OF ft 3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm · R ft 3 /lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm· R ft 3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm · R

P - 120 psia (341.25°F) p 140 psia (353.03°F) P = 160 psia (363.54°F)

Sat. 3.7289 1107.9 1190.8 1.5883 3.2202 11 09.9 1193.4 1.5757 2.8347 1111.6 1195.5 1.5647
360 3.8446 1116.7 1202 .1 1.6023 3 .2584 1113.4 1197.8 1.5811
400 4.0799 1134.0 1224.6 1.6292 3.4676 1131.5 1221.4 1.6092 3.0076 1129.0 1218.0 1.5914
450 4.3613 1154.5 1251.4 1.6594 3.7147 1152.6 1248.9 1.6403 3.2293 1150.7 1246.3 1.6234
500 4.6340 1174.4 1277.3 1.6872 3.9525 1172.9 1275.3 1.6686 3.4412 1171. 4 1273.2 1.6522
550 4.9010 1193.9 1302.8 1.7131 4.1845 1192.7 1301.1 1.6948 3.6469 1191.4 1299.4 1.6788
600 5.1642 1213.4 1328.0 1.7375 4 .4124 1212.3 1326.6 1.7195 3.8484 1211.3 1325 2 1.7037
700 5.6829 1252.2 1378.4 1.7829 4.8604 1251.4 1377.3 1.7652 4.2434 1250.6 1376.3 1.7498
800 6.1950 1291.4 1429.0 1.8247 5.3017 1290.8 1428.1 1.8072 4 .63 16 1290.2 1427.3 1.7920
1000 7.2083 1371.7 1531.8 1.9005 6.1732 1371.3 1531.3 1.8832 5.3968 1370.9 1530.7 1.8682
1200 8.2137 1455.3 1637.7 1.9684 7.0367 1455.0 1637.3 1.9512 6.1 540 1454.7 1636.9 1.9363
1400 9.2 149 1542.3 1746 .9 2.0305 7 .8961 1542.1 1746.6 2.0134 6.9070 1541.8 1746 3 1.9986
1600 10.2135 1633.0 1859.8 2.0881 8.7529 1632.8 1859.5 2.0711 7.6574 1632.6 1859.3 2.0563
1800 11.2106 1727.2 1976.1 2.1 420 9.6082 1727.0 1975.9 2.1250 8 .4063 1726.9 1975.7 2.1102
2000 12.2067 1824.8 2095.8 2.1 928 10.4624 1824.6 2095.7 2.1758 9.1 542 1824.5 2095.5 2.1 610

P = 180 psia (373.07"F) p 200 psia (381.80°F) P = 225 psia (391.80°F)

Sat. 2.5322 1113.0 1197.3 1.5548 2 .2882 1114.1 1198.8 1.5460 2.0423 1115.3 1200.3 1.5360
400 2.6490 1126.3 1214.5 1.5752 2 .3615 1123.5 1210.9 1.5602 2.0728 1119.7 1206.0 1.5427
450 2.8514 1148.7 1243.7 1.6082 2 .5488 1146.7 124 1.0 1.5943 2.2457 1144.1 1237.6 1.5783
500 3.0433 1169.8 1271.2 1.6376 2.7247 1168.2 1269.0 1.6243 2.4059 1166.2 1266.3 1. 6091
550 3.2286 1190.2 1297 .7 1.6646 2.8939 1188.9 1296 .0 1.6516 2.5590 1187 .2 1293.8 1.6370
600 3.4097 1210.2 1323.8 1.6897 3.0586 1209. 1 1322.3 1.677 1 2.7075 1207.7 1320.5 1.6628
700 3.7635 1249.8 1375.2 1. 7361 3.3796 1249.0 1374. 1 1.7238 2.9956 1248.0 1372.7 1.7099
800 4 .1104 1289.5 1426.5 1.7785 3.6934 1288.9 1425.6 1.7664 3.2765 1288.1 1424 .5 1.7528
900 4.4531 1329.7 1478.0 1.8179 4 .0031 1329.2 1477 .3 1.8059 3.5530 1328.5 1476.5 1.7925
1000 4.7929 1370.5 1530.1 1.8549 4 .3099 1370.1 1529.6 1.8430 3.8268 1369.5 1528.9 1.8296
1200 5.4674 1454.3 1636.5 1.9231 4.9182 1454.0 1636.1 1.9113 4.3689 1453.6 1635.6 1.8981
1400 6.1377 1541.6 1746.0 1.9855 5.5222 1541.4 1745.7 1.9737 4.9068 1541.1 1745.4 1.9606
1600 6.8054 1632.4 1859 .1 2.0432 6.1238 1632 .2 1858.8 2.0315 5.4422 1632.0 1858.6 2.0 184
1800 7.4716 1726.7 1975.6 2.0971 6 .7238 1726 .5 1975.4 2.0855 5.9760 1726.4 1975.2 2.0724
2000 8.1367 1824.4 2095.4 2. 1479 7.3227 1824. 3 2095.3 2.1363 6.5087 1824.1 2095.1 2.1232
p 250 psia (400.97"F) P- 275 psia (409.45° F) p 300 psia (417.35°F)
Sat. 1.8440 1116.3 120 1.6 1.5270 1.6806 1117.0 1202.6 1.5187 1.5435 1117.7 1203.3 1.5111
450 2.0027 1141.3 1234.0 1.5636 1.8034 1138.5 1230.3 1.5499 1.6369 1135.6 1226 .4 1.5369
500 2.1506 1164.1 1263.6 1.5953 1.9415 1162.0 1260.8 1.5825 1.7670 11 59.8 1257.9 1.5706
550 2.29 10 1185.6 1291.5 1.6237 2.0715 1183.9 1289.3 1.6115 1.8885 1182.1 1287 .0 1.6001
600 2.4264 1206.3 1318.6 1.6499 2 .1 964 1204.9 1316.7 1.6380 2.0046 1203.5 1314.8 1.6270
650 2.5586 1226.8 1345.1 1.6743 2 .3179 1225.6 1343.5 1.6627 2. 11 72 1224.4 1341.9 1.6520
700 2.6883 1247.0 1371.4 1.6974 2 .4369 1246.0 1370.0 1.6860 2 .2273 1244.9 1368.6 1.6755
800 2 .9429 1287 .3 1423.5 1.7406 2.6699 1286.5 1422.4 1.7294 2.4424 1285 .7 1421.3 1. 7192
900 3 .1930 1327.9 1475.6 1.7804 2.8984 1327.3 1474.8 1.7694 2.6529 1326.6 1473 .9 1.7593
1000 3.4403 1369.0 1528.2 1.8177 3 .1 241 1368.5 1527.4 1.8068 2.8605 1367.9 1526 .7 1.7968
1200 3 .9295 1453 .3 1635.0 1.8863 3 .5 700 1452 .9 1634.5 1.8755 3.2704 1452.5 1634.0 1.8657
1400 4.4144 1540 .8 1745.0 1.9488 4.0116 1540.5 1744.6 1.9381 3.6759 1540.2 1744.2 1.9284
1600 4 .8969 1631.7 1858.3 2.0066 4.4507 1631.5 1858.0 1.9960 4 .0789 1631.3 1857.7 1.9863
1800 5.3 777 1726.2 1974.9 2.0607 4.8882 1726.0 1974.7 2.0501 4 .4803 1725.8 1974.5 2. 0404
2000 5.85 7 5 1823.9 2094.9 2. 111 6 5.3247 1823 .8 2094.7 2.1010 4.8807 1823 .6 2094.6 2.0913
972 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-SE
Superheated water (Continued)
5 5 5
T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
OF ft3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm· R ft311bm Btu/I bm Btu/1bm Ibm· R ft3 / lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm · R
p 350 psia (431.74°F) p 400 psia (444.62' F) P = 450 psia (456.3 1°F)
Sat. 1.3263 1118.5 1204.4 1.49 73 1.1617 1119.0 1205.0 1.4852 1.0324 1119.2 1205.2 1.4742
450 1.3739 1129.3 1218.3 1.51 28 1.174-7 1122.5 1209.4 1.4901
500 1.4921 1155.2 1251.9 1.5L87 1 2851 11 50.4 1245.6 1.5288 1.1233 1145.4 1238.9 1.5103
550 1.6004 1178.6 1282.2 1.57 95 1.384-0 11 7 4.9 1277.3 1.5610 1.2152 1171.1 1272.3 1.5441
600 1.7030 1200.6 1310.9 1.60 73 14765 1 197.6 1306.9 1.5897 1.3001 1194.6 1302.8 1.5737
650 1.8018 1221.9 1338.6 1.63 28 1.5650 1219.4 1335.3 1.6158 1.3807 1216.9 1331.9 1.6005
700 1.8979 1242.8 1365.8 1.65 67 1.6507 1240.7 1362.9 1.6401 1.4584 1238.5 1360.0 1.6253
800 2.0848 1284.1 1419.1 1.7009 1.8166 1282.5 1417.0 1.6849 1.6080 1280.8 1414.7 1.6706
900 2.2671 1325.3 1472 .2 1.7414 1.9777 1324.0 1470.4 1. 7257 1.7526 1322. 7 1468.6 1.7117
1000 2.4464 1366.9 1525.3 1.77 91 2. 1358 1365.8 1523.9 1.7636 1.8942 1364.7 1522.4 1. 7499
1200 2.7996 1451.7 1633.0 1.8483 2.4465 1450.9 1632.0 1.8331 2. 171?l 1450.1 1631.0 1.8196
1400 3.1484 1539.6 1743.5 1.91 11 2.7527 1539.0 17427 1.8960 2.4450 1538.4 1742.0 1.8827
1600 3.4947 1630.8 1857.1 1.96 91 3.0565 1630.3 1856.5 1.9541 2.7 157 1629.8 1856.0 1.9409
1800 3.8394 1725.4 1974.0 2.0233 3.3586 1725.0 1973.6 2.0084 2.9847 1724.6 1973.2 1.9952
2000 4.1830 1823.3 2094.2 2.07 42 3.6597 1823.0 2093.9 2.0594 3.2527 1822.6 2093.5 2.0462
p 500 psia (467.04°F) p 600 ps1a (486.24' F) p 700 psia (503. 13' Fl
Sat. 0.92815 1119.1 1205.0 1.4642 0.77020 1118.3 1203.9 1.4463 0.65589 1116.9 1201.9 1.4305
500 0.99304 1140.1 1231.9 1.4928 0.79526 11 28.2 1216.5 1.4596
550 1.07974 1167.1 1267.0 1.5284 0.87542 11 58.7 1255.9 1.4996 0.72799 1149.5 1243.8 1.4730
600 1.15876 1191.4 1298.6 1.5590 0.94605 1184.9 1289.9 1.5325 0.79332 1177.9 1280.7 1.5087
650 1.23312 1214.3 1328.4 1.5865 1.01133 1209.0 1321.3 1. 5614 0.85242 1203.4 1313.8 1.5393
700 1.30440 1236.4 1357.0 1.61 17 1.07316 1231.9 1351.0 1.5877 0.90769 1227.2 1344.8 1.5666
800 1.44097 1279.2 1412.5 1.65 76 1.19038 1275.8 14080 1.6348 1.011 25 1272.4 1403.4 1.6150
900 1.57252 1321.4 1466.9 1.6992 1.30230 1318.7 1463.3 1.6771 1.10921 1316.0 1459.7 1.6581
1000 1.70094 1363.6 152 1.0 1.73 76 1.41097 1361.4 1518.1 1.7160 1.20381 1359.2 151 5·.2 1.6974
1100 1.82726 1406.2 1575.3 1.7735 1.517 49 1404.4 1572.9 1.7522 1.29621 1402.5 1570.4 1. 7341
1200 1.95211 1449.4 1630.0 1.8075 1.62252 1447.8 1627.9 1.7865 1.38709 1446.2 1625.9 1.7685
1400 2.1988 1537.8 17 41.2 1.8708 1.82957 1536.6 1739.7 1.8501 1.56580 1535.4 1738.2 1.8324
1600 2.4430 1629.4 1855.4 1.9291 2.0340 1628.4 1854.2 1.9085 1.74192 1627.5 1853.1 1.8911
1800 2.6856 1724.2 1972.7 1.9834 2.2369 1723.4 1971.8 1.9630 1.9~643 1722.7 1970.9 1.9457
2000 2.9271 1822.3 2093.1 2.0345 2.4387 1821.7 2092.4 2.01 4 1 2.08987 1821.0 209 1.7 1.9969
P = 800 psia (518.2JOF) p 1000 psia (544.65°F) p 1250 psia (572.45°F)
Sat. 0.56920 111 5.0 1199.3 1.41 62 0.44604 1110.1 1192.6 1.3906 0.34549 1102.0 1181.9 1.3623
550 0.61586 1139.4 1230.5 1.4476 045375 1115.2 1199.2 1.3972
600 0.67799 1170.5 1270.9 1.4866 0.51431 1154.1 1249.3 1.4457 0.37894 1129.5 1217.2 1.3961
650 0.73279 1197.6 1306.0 1.5191 0.56411 1185.1 1289.5 1.4827 0.42703 1167.5 1266.3 1.4414
700 0.78330 1222.4 1338.4 1.5476 0.60844 1212.4 13250 1.5140 0.46735 1198.7 1306.8 1.4771
750 0.83102 1246.0 1369.1 1.5735 0.64944 1237.6 1357 8 1.5418 0.50344 1226.4 1342.9 1.5076
800 0.87678 1268.9 1398.7 1.5975 0.68821 1261.7 1389 0 1.5670 0.53687 1252.2 1376.4 1.5347
900 0.96434 1313.3 1456.0 1 64 13 076136 1307.7 14486 16126 0.59876 1300.5 1439.0 1.5826
1000 1.04841 1357.0 1512.2 1 6812 0 .83078 1352.5 15062 16535 0.65656 1346.7 1498.6 1.6249
1100 1.13024 1400.7 1568.0 1.7181 089783 1396.9 1563.1 1.691 1 0.7 1184 1392.2 1556.8 1.6635
1200 1.21051 1444.6 1623 .8 1.7528 0 96327 1441.4 16 19 7 1.7263 0.76545 1437.4 1614.5 1 .6993
1400 1.36797 1534.2 1736.7 18170 1.09101 1531.8 1733.7 1.7911 0.86944 1528.7 1729.8 1. 7649
1600 1.52283 1626.5 1851.9 1.8759 1.21610 1624.6 1849 6 18504 0.97072 1622.2 1846.7 1.8246
1800 1.67606 1721.9 1970.0 1.9306 133956 17_20.3 1968.2 1.9053 1.07036 1718.4 1966.0 1.8799
2000 1.82823 1820.4 2091.0 1.9819 1.46194 1819.1 2089 .6 1.9568 1.16892 1817.5 2087.9 1.9315
 Appendix 2 973

TABLE A-6E
Superheated water (Concluded)
s s s
u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
T v u h Btu/ v
OF ft 3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm · R ft 3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm lbm· R
ft 3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/I bm lbm·R
p 1750 psia (617 .17"F) p 2000 psia (635.85°F)
P = 1500 psia (596 26°F)
0.22681 1080.5 1153.9 1.31 12 0.18815 1066.8 1136.4 1.2863
Sat. 0.27695 1092.1 1169.0 1. 3362
600 0.28189 1097 .2 1175.4 1.3423
650 0 .26292 1122.8 1207.9 1.3607 0.20586 1091.4 1167.6 1.3146
0.333 10 1147.2 1239.7 1.4016
700 0.37198 1183.6 1286.9 1.4433 0.30252 1166 8 1264.7 1.4108 0.24894 1147.6 1239.8 1.3783
750 0 .33455 1201.5 1309.8 1.4489 0.28074 1187.4 1291.3 1.4218
0.40535 1214.4 1326.9 1.4771
800 0.43550 1242 .2 1363.1 1.5064 0.36266 1231.7 1349.1 1.4807 0.30763 1220.5 1334.3 1.4567
850 0.38835 1259.3 1385.1 1.5088 0 .33 169 1250 .0 1372.8 1.4867
0.46356 1268.2 1396.9 1.5328
900 0.41238 1285.4 1419.0 1.5341 0.35390 1277 .5 1408.5 1. 5134
0.49015 1293 .1 1429.2 1.5569
1000 0.5403 1 1340.9 1490.8 1.6007 0.45719 1334.9 1482.9 1.5796 0.39479 1328.7 1474.9 1.5606
1100 0.49917 1382.4 1544.1 1.6201 0.43266 1377.5 1537 .6 1.6021
0.58781 1387.3 1550.5 1.6402
1200 1429.2 1603.9 1.6572 0.46864 1425.1 1598.5 1.6400
0.63355 1433.3 1609.2 1.6767 0.53932
1400 0.61621 1522.6 1722.1 1.7245 0.53708 1519.5 1718.3 1. 7081
0.72172 1525.7 1726.0 1.7432
1600 0.80714 1619.8 1843 .8 1.8033 0 .69031 1617.4 1840.9 1.7852 0.60269 1615.0 1838.0 1.7693
1800 0.89090 1716.4 1963.7 1.8589 0.76273 1714.5 1961.5 1.8410 0.66660 1712.5 1959. 2 1.8255
2000 0.83406 1814.2 2084 .3 1.8931 0.72942 1812.6 2082 .6 1.8778
0 97358 1815.9 2086.1 1.9108
P = 2500 psi a (668.1 ?"F) p 3000 ps1a (695 .41 °F) P = 3500 psia

Sat. 0.13076 1031.2 1091.7 1.2330 0 .08460 969 .8 1016.8 1.1587

650 0.02492 663.7 679.9 0.8632
700 0.16849 1098.4 1176.3 1.3072 0.09838 1005.3 1059.9 1.1960 0.03065 760.0 779.9 0.95 11
750 1154.9 1249.0 1.3686 0.14840 111 4.1 1196 .5 1.3118 0. 10460 1057.6 1125.4 1.2434
0.20327
800 1195.9 1302.0 1.4116 0.17601 1167.5 1265.3 1.3676 0.13639 1134.3 1222.6 1.3224
0.22949
850 0 25174 1230.1 1346.6 1.4463 0.19771 1208.2 1317.9 1.4086 0. 15847 11 83.8 1286.5 1.372 1
900 0.27165 1260.7 1386.4 1.4761 0.21640 1242.8 1362 .9 1.4423 0. 17659 1223.4 1337.8 1.4106
950 0.2900 1 1289.1 1423.3 1.5028 0.23321 1273.9 1403 .3 1.4716 0. 19245 1257.8 1382.4 1.4428
1000 1316.1 1458.2 1.5271 0.24876 1302.8 1440.9 1.4978 0.20687 1289.0 1423 .0 1.471 1
0.30726
1100 1367.3 1524.4 1. 5710 0.27732 1356.8 1510.8 1.5441 0.23289 1346.1 1496.9 1. 520 1
0.33949
1200 1416.6 1587.6 1.6103 0.30367 1408.0 1576 .6 1.5850 0.25654 1399.3 1565.4 1.5627
0.36966
1400 1513.3 171 0.5 1.6802 0.35249 1507.0 1702.7 1.6567 0.29978 1500.7 1694.8 1.6364
0.42631
1600 0.48004 1610.1 1832.2 1.7424 0.39830 1605 3 1826.4 1. 7199 0.33994 1600.4 1820 .5 1.7006
1800 0.53205 1708.6 1954.8 1. 7991 0.44237 1704. 7 1950.3 1. 7773 0.37833 1700.8 1945 .8 1.7586
2000 0.58295 1809.4 2079.1 1.8518 0.48532 1806. 1 . 2075 .6 1.8304 0.4 1561 1802.9 2072. 1 1.8121

P = 5000 psia p 6000 psia

P = 4000 psia
650 0.02448 657.9 676.1 0.8577 0.02379 648.3 670 3 0.8485 0.02325 640.3 666 .1 0.8408
700 0.0287 1 742.3 763.6 0.9347 0 .02678 721.8 746 .6 0.9156 0.02564 708.1 736.5 0 .9028
750 0.06370 962.1 1009 .2 1.1410 0.03373 821.8 8530 1.0054 0.02981 788.7 821.8 0.9747
800 0. 10520 1094.2 11 72 .1 1.2734 0.05937 986.9 1041.8 1.1581 0.03949 897.1 941.0 1.0711
850 0. 12848 1156.7 1251.8 1.3355 0.08551 1092 4 1171.5 1.2593 0.058 15 1018.6 1083.1 1.181 9
900 0.14647 1202.5 1310.9 1.3799 0.10390 1155.9 1252.1 1.3198 0.07584 1103.5 11 87.7 1.2603
950 0.1 6176 1240.7 1360.5 1.41 57 0.11863 1203.9 1313.6 1.3643 0.09010 1163 .7 1263 .7 1.3153
1000 0.17538 1274.6 1404.4 1.4463 0.13128 1244.0 1365.5 1.4004 0.10208 1211.4 1324.7 1.3578
1100 0.19957 1335. 1 1482 .8 1.4983 0.15298 1312.2 1453.8 1.4590 0 .12211 1288.4 1424.0 1.4237
1200 0.22 12 1 1390.3 1554 .1 1.5426 0.17185 1372.1 1531.1 1. 5070 0.13911 1353.4 1507.8 1.4758
1300 0.241 28 1443.0 1621.6 1.582 1 0.18902 1427.8 1602.7 1.5490 0.15434 141 2.5 1583.8 1.5203
1400 026028 1494 .3 1687 .0 1.6182 0.20508 1481. 4 1671.1 1.5868 0.16841 1468.4 1655 .4 1.5598
1600 0.29620 1595.5 1814.7 1.6835 0.23505 1585.6 1803.1 1.6542 0.19438 1575.7 1791.5 1.6294
1800 0.33033 1696.8 1941.4 1.7422 0.26320 1689.0 1932.5 1. 7142 0.21853 1681.1 1923 7 1. 6907
2000 0.36335 1799.7 2068.6 1. 7961 0.29023 1793.2 206 1. 7 1.7689 0.24155 1786.7 2054 9 1.7463
974 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-7E
Compressed liq uid water

T v u h 5 v u h 5 v u h 5
OF ft3 /lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm· R ft3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm· R ft 3/ lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/ Ibm Btu/Ibm· R

P = 500 psia (467.04°F) p 1000 psia (544.65°F) P - 1500 psia (596.26°F)

Sat. 0.019750 447.68 449.51 0.64900 0.021595 538.58 542.57 0.74341 0.023456 605.07 611.58 0.80836
32 0.015994 O.Gl 1.49 0.00001 0.015966 0.03 2.99 0.00005 0.015939 0.05 4.48 0.00008
50 0.015998 18.03 19.51 0.03601 0.015972 17.99 20.95 0.03593 0.015946 17.95 22.38 0.03584
100 0.016107 67.86 69.35 0.12930 0.016083 67.69 70.67 0.12899 0.016059 67.53 71.98 0 .12869
150 0.016317 117.70 119.21 0.21462 0.016292 117.42 120.43 0 .21416 0.016267 117.14 121.66 0 .21369
200 0.016607 167.70 169.24 0.29349 0.016580 167.31 170.38 0.29289 0.0 16553 166.92 171.52 0.29229
250 0.016972 218.04 219.61 0.36708 0.016941 217.51 220.65 0.36634 0.016911 217.00 221.69 0 .36560
300 O.Ql7417 268.92 270.53 0.43641 0.017380 268.24 271.46 0.43551 0.017345 267.57 272.39 0.43463
350 O.Gl7954 320.64 322.30 0.50240 O.Gl7910 319.77 323.08 0.50132 O.Gl7866 318.91 323.87 0.50025
400 0.018609 373.61 375.33 0.56595 0.018552 372.48 375.91 0.56463 0.0 18496 371.37 376.51 0.56333
4 50 0.019425 428.44 430.24 0.62802 0.019347 426.93 430.51 0.62635 0.019271 425.47 430.82 0.62472
500 0.020368 484.03 487.80 0.68764 0.020258 482.01 487.63 0.68550
550 0.021595 542.50 548.50 0 .74731
p 2000 psia (635.85°F) p 3000 psia (695.41 °F) p 5000 psia
Sat. C.025634 662.33 671.82 0.86224 0.034335 783.39 802.45 0.97321
32 C.015912 0.07 5.96 0.00010 0.015859 0.10 8.90 0.00011 0.015756 0.13 14.71 0.00002
50 C.015921 17.91 23.80 0.03574 0.015870 17.83 26.64 0.03554 0.015773 17.65 32.25 0.03505
100 C.0 16035 67.36 73.30 0.12838 0.015988 67.04 75.91 0.12776 0.015897 66.41 81.12 0.12652
200 ( .0 16527 166.54 172.66 0.29170 0.016475 165.79 174.94 0.29053 0.0 16375 164.36 179.51 0.28824
300 C.0 17310 266 .92 273.33 0.43376 0.017242 265.65 275.22 0.43204 0 .017112 263 .24 279.07 0.42874
400 C.018442 370.30 377.12 0.56205 0.018338 368.22 378.41 0.55959 0.018145 364.35 381.14 0.55492
450 C.019199 424.06 431.16 0 .62314 0.019062 421.36 431.94 0.62010 0.018812 416.40 433 .80 0.61445
500 (.020154 480.08 487.54 0.68346 0.019960 476.45 487.53 0.67958 0.019620 469.94 488.10 0.67254
560 (.021739 552.21 560.26 0.75692 0.021405 546.59 558.47 0.75126 0.020862 537.08 556.38 0.74154
600 (.023317 605.77 614.40 0.80898 0.022759 597.42 610.06 0 .80086 0.021943 584.42 604.72 0. 78803
640 0.024 765 654.52 668.27 0.85476 0.023358 634.95 656.56 0.83603
680 0.028821 728.63 744.64 0.92288 0.025366 690.67 714. 14 0.88745
700 0.026777 721.78 746.56 0.91564
 Appendix 2 975

TABLE A-8E
Saturated ice-water vapor

Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,

ft 3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm · R
Sat.
press., Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp., Psat ice, vapor, ice, Sub I. , vapor, ice, Subl., vapor, ice , Subl., vapor,
T °F psi a V; Vg U; u,g Ug h, h ;g hg 5; S;g Sg

32.018 0.08871 0 .0 1747 3299.6 - 143.34 1164.2 1020.9 - 143.34 1218.3 1075.0 - 0.29146 2.4779 2.1864
32 0.08864 0.01747 3302 .6 - 143 .35 1164.2 1020.9 - 143.35 1218.4 107 5.0 - 0.29148 2.4779 2.1865
30 0 .08086 0 .01747 3605.8 - 144.35 1164.6 1020.2 - 144.35 1218.5 1074.2 - 0.29353 2.4883 2.1948
25 0.06405 0.01746 4505.8 - 146.85 1165.4 1018.6 - 146.85 1218.8 1072.0 - 0.29865 2.5146 2.2160
20 0.05049 0.01746 5657.6 - 149.32 11 66.2 101 6.9 - 149.32 1219.1 1069.8 - 0.30377 2.5414 2.2376
15 0.03960 0.01745 7 138.9 - 15 1. 76 1167.0 1015.2 - 151.76 1219.3 1067.6 - 0.30889 2.5687 2.2598
10 0.03089 0.01744 9054.0 - 154. 18 1167.8 1013.6 - 154.18 1219.5 1065.4 - 0.3 1401 2.5965 2.2825
5 0.02397 0 .01743 11,543 - 156.57 1168.5 1011.9 - 156.57 1219.7 1063. 1 - 0. 3 1913 2.6248 2.3057
0 0.01850 0.01743 14,797 - 158.94 1169.2 10 10. 3 - 158.94 1219.9 1060.9 - 0.32426 2. 6537 2.3295
-5 0.01420 0.01742 19,075 - 161.28 1169.9 1008.6 - 161.28 1220.0 1058.7 - 0.32938 2.6832 2.3538
- 10 0.01083 0.01741 24,731 - 163.60 1170.6 1007.0 - 163.60 1220.1 1056.5 - 0.33451 2.7133 2.3788
- 15 0.00821 0.01740 32,257 - 165 .90 11 7 1. 2 1005.3 - 165.90 1220.2 1054.3 - 0.33964 2.7440 2.4044
- 20 0.00619 0.01740 42,335 - 168. 16 1171.8 1003 .6 - 168.16 1220.3 1052.1 - 0.34478 2.7754 2 .4306
- 25 0.00463 0.01739 55,917 - 170.41 1172.4 1002.0 - 170.41 1220.3 1049.9 - 0.34991 2.8074 2.4575
- 30 0.00344 0 .01738 74,345 - 172.63 1173.0 1000.3 - 172.63 1220.3 1047.7 - 0.35505 2.8401 2.4850
- 35 0.00254 0.01738 99,526 - 174.83 1173.5 998.7 -1 74.83 1220.3 1045.5 - 0.36019 2.8735 2.5 133
- 40 0.00186 0.0173 7 134,182 - 177.00 1174.0 997.0 - 177.00 1220 .3 1043.3 - 0 .36534 2.9076 2.5423
976 Thermodynamics

0.0
Entropy. Btu/Ibm· H.

FIGURE A- 9E
T-s diagram for water.
<:nu.v·r•: .losenh H. Keen a n . Frederick G. Keyes, Philip C. Hill. and Joan C. Moore, Steam Tables (Nell' York: Jol111 Wiley & Sons. 1969).
 Appendix 2 977

2·2 1600

1550

1500

1450

E
.0
1400 ---
::l
C5
>.
0.
OJ
1350 -5
Iii
1300

1250

1200

I 150

2.2

FIGURE A-1 OE
M ollier di ag ram for water.
Source: Joseph H. Kee nl/11 , Frederick G. Keyes.
1.3 1.4 I .5 1.6 1.7 1. 8 Philip G. Hill, and Joan G. Moore, Stearn Tables
Entropy, Btu/ Ibm· R (New York: Jo/111 Wile\' & Sons, / 969).
978 Thermodynamics

TABLE A- 11E
Saturat ed refrigerant - 134a-Temperature tab Ie

Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,

ft 3 /lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm · R
Sat . Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
Temp., press., liquid , vapor, liquid , Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liqu id, Evap., vapor,
T °F Psat psia v, Vg u, Urg Ug h, hrg hg s, Srg Sg

- 40 7.432 0 .01130 5.7796 - 0.0 16 89 .1 67 89.15 0.000 97 .1 00 97.10 0.00000 0.23 135 0.23135
- 35 8.581 0.01136 5.0509 1.484 88.352 89.84 1.502 96.354 97 .86 0.00355 0.22687 0 .23043
- 30 9.869 0.01143 4.4300 2.990 87.532 90.52 3.011 95.601 98.61 0.00708 0.22248 0.22956
- 25 11.306 0.0 11 50 3.8988 4.502 86.706 91.21 4 .526 94.839 99.36 0.01058 0 .21817 0.22875
- 20 12.906 0 .01156 3.4426 6.019 85.874 91.89 6 .047 94.068 100.12 0.01405 0.21394 0.22798
- 15 14.680 0 .01163 3.0494 7.543 85.036 92.58 7.574 93.288 100.86 0.01749 0 .20978 0.22727
- 10 16.642 0.01171 2.7091 9.073 84.191 93.26 9.109 92.498 101.61 0 .02092 0.20569 0.22660
- 5 18.806 O.Gl178 2 .4137 10.609 83.339 93.95 10.650 91.698 102.35 0 .02431 0.20166 0.22598
0 21.185 0.01185 2.1564 12 .152 82.479 94.63 12.199 90.886 103 08 0 .02769 0.19770 0.22539
5 23 .793 0 01193 1.9316 13 .702 81.610 95.31 13.755 90.062 103.82 0.03104 0.19380 0.22485
10 26.646 0 01201 1.7345 15 259 80.733 95.99 15.318 89.226 104.54 0.03438 0 .18996 0.22434
15 29.759 0.01209 1.5612 16.823 79.846 96.67 16.889 88.377 105.27 0 .03769 0.18617 0.22386
20 33.147 0 .01217 1.4084 18.394 78.950 97.34 18.469 87.514 105.98 0.04098 0 .1 8243 0.22341
25 36.826 0 01225 1.2732 19.973 78.043 98.02 20 .056 86.636 106.69 0.04426 0.17874 0.22300
30 40.813 0.01234 1.1534 21.560 77.124 98.68 21.653 85 .742 107.40 0.04752 0.17509 0.22260
35 45.124 0.01242 1.0470 23.154 76.195 99.35 23.258 84.833 108.09 0 .05076 0.17148 0 .22224
40 49 .776 0 01251 0.95205 24.757 75.253 100.Ql 24.873 83.907 108.78 0 .05398 0.16791 0.22189
45 54.787 0 01261 0.86727 26.369 74.298 100.67 26.497 82.963 109.46 0.05720 0. 16437 0.22157
50 60.175 0 01270 0 .79136 27.990 73.329 101.32 28.131 82.000 110.13 0.06039 0.16087 0.22 127
55 65.957 0 01280 0.72323 29.619 72.346 101.97 29.775 81.017 110.79 0.06358 0.15740 0.22098
60 72.152 0.01290 0.66195 31.258 71.347 102.61 31.431 80.013 111.44 0.06675 0.15396 0.22070
65 78.780 0.01301 0.60671 32.908 70.333 103.24 33 .097 78.988 112.09 0.06991 0.15053 0.22044
70 85.858 001312 0.55681 34.567 69.301 103 87 34.776 77.939 112.71 0.07306 0.14713 0 .22019
75 93.408 0 01323 0.51165 36.237 68.251 104.49 36.466 76.866 113.33 0.07620 0 .14375 0.21995
80 101.45 0 .01334 0.47069 37.919 67.181 105.10 38.169 75.767 113.94 0.07934 0.14038 0.21972
85 110.00 0 01347 0.43348 39.612 66.091 105.70 39.886 74.641 114.53 0.08246 0.13703 0.21949
90 119.08 0 01359 0.39959 41.317 64 .979 106. 30 41.617 73.485 115.10 0.08559 0 .13368 0.21926
95 128.72 0 01372 0.36869 43 .036 63.844 106.88 43.363 72 .299 115.66 0.08870 0.13033 0.21904
100 138.93 0.01386 0 .34045 44.768 62.683 107.45 45.124 71.080 116.20 0.09182 0.12699 0.21881
105 149.73 0.01400 0.31460 46.514 61.496 108.01 46.902 69.825 116.73 0.09493 0.12365 0.21858
110 161.16 0.01415 0.29090 48.276 60.279 108.56 48.698 68.533 117.23 0.09804 0.12029 0.21834
115 173.23 0.0 1430 0.26913 50.054 59.031 109.08 50.512 67.200 117.71 0.10116 0.11693 0.21809
120 185.96 0.01446 0.24909 51.849 57 .749 109.60 52.346 65 .823 118.17 0.10428 0 .1 1354 0 .21782
130 2 13 .53 0.01482 0.21356 55.495 55.071 110.57 56.080 62.924 119.00 0.11054 0 .10670 0.21724
140 24406 0 01521 0.18315 59.226 52.216 111.44 59.913 59.801 119.71 0.11684 0.09971 0.21655
150 277.79 0.01567 0.15692 63.059 49.144 112.20 63.864 56.405 120.27 0.12321 0.09251 0 .21572
160 314.94 0.01619 0.13410 67.014 45.799 11 2.81 67.958 52.671 120 .63 0.12970 0.08499 0 .21469
170 355.80 0 01681 0.11405 71.126 42 .097 11 3.22 72 .233 48.499 120.73 0.13634 0.07701 0.21335
180 400.66 0.01759 0 .09618 75.448 37.899 113.35 76.752 43.726 120.48 0.14323 0.06835 0.21158
190 449.90 0 01860 0.07990 80.082 32.950 113.03 81.631 38.053 119.68 0.15055 0.05857 0.20911
200 504.00 0 02009 0.06441 85 .267 26 .651 111.92 87.140 30.785 117 .93 0.15867 0.04666 0.20533
210 563 .76 0.02309 0 .04722 91.986 16.498 108.48 94.395 19.015 11 3.41 0.16922 0 .02839 0.19761

Source: Tables A- 11E through A- 13E are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L Alvarado .
The routine used in ca lcu lation s is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tilln er-Roth and H.D. Baehr,
"An International Standard Formu lation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1 ,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to
455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa," J. Phys. Chern, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. Th e entha lpy and entropy va lues of satu rated liquid are set to zero
at - 40°C (and - 40°F).
 Appendix 2 979

TABLE A-12E
Saturated refri gerant- 134a-Pressure tab le
Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthalpy, Entropy,
ft 3 /lbm Btu/ Ibm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm· R

Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.

Press. , temp., liquid, vapor, liquid , Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liqu id, Evap., vapor,
P psi a T °F v1 Vg Ur Urg u8 h1 h18 h8 s, s,g Sg

5 -53.09 0.01113 8.3785 - 3.918 91.280 87.36 - 3.907 99.022 95.11 - 0.00945 0.24353 0.23408
10 - 29.52 0 .01144 4.3753 3.135 87 .453 90 .59 3.156 95.528 98 .68 0.00742 0.22206 0.22948
15 - 14.15 0 .01 165 2.9880 7.803 84.893 92.70 7.835 93.155 100.99 0.01808 0.20908 0.22715
20 - 2.43 0.01182 2.2772 11.401 82.898 94.30 11.445 91.282 102.73 0.02605 0.19962 0.22567
25 7.17 0.01196 1.8429 14.377 81.231 95.61 14.432 89.701 104.13 0.03249 0.19213 0.22462
30 15.37 0.01209 1.5492 16.939 79.780 96.72 17.006 88.313 105.32 0.03793 0.18589 0.22383
35 22.57 0.01221 1.3369 19.205 78.485 97 .69 19.284 87.064 106.35 0.04267 0.18053 0.22319
40 29.01 0 .01232 1.1760 21.246 77 .307 98.55 21.337 85.920 107.26 0.04688 0.17580 0.22268
45 34.86 0.01242 1.0497 23 .110 76.221 99.33 23.214 84.858 108.07 0 .05067 0. 17158 0.22225
50 40.23 0.01252 0.94791 24.832 75.209 100.04 24 .948 83.863 108.81 0.054 13 0.16774 0.22188
55 45 .20 0.01261 0.86400 26.435 74 .258 100.69 26.564 82.924 109.49 0.05733 0.16423 0.22156
60 49.84 0.01270 0.79361 27.939 73.360 101.30 28.080 82.030 110. 11 0.06029 0.16098 0.22127
65 54.20 0.01279 0.73370 29.357 72.505 101.86 29.510 81.176 110.69 0.06307 0.15796 0.22102
70 58.30 0.01287 0.68205 30.700 71.688 102.39 30.867 80.357 111.22 0.06567 0.15512 0.22080
75 62.19 0.01295 0.63706 31.979 70.905 102.88 32 .159 79.567 111.73 0.06813 0.15245 0.22059
80 65 .89 0.0 1303 0 .59750 33.201 70 .151 103.35 33.394 78.804 112.20 0.07047 0.14993 0.22040
85 69.4 1 0.01310 0.56244 34.371 69.424 103.79 34.577 78.064 112 .64 0.07269 0.14753 0.22022
90 72.78 0.0 1318 0.53113 35.495 68.719 104.21 35.715 77.345 113.06 0 .07481 0.14525 0.22006
95 76.02 0.0 1325 0.50301 36 .578 68.035 104.61 36.8 11 76.645 113.46 0.07684 0.14307 0.21991
100 79.12 0.01332 0.47760 37 .623 67.371 104.99 37 .869 75.962 113.83 0.07879 0.14097 0.21976
11 0 85.00 0.01347 0.43347 39.612 66.091 105.70 39 .886 74.641 114.53 0.08246 0.13703 0.21949
120 90.49 0 .01360 0.39644 41.485 64.869 106.35 41.787 73.371 115.16 0 .08589 0.13335 0.21924
130 95.64 0 .01374 0.36491 43 .258 63 .696 106 .95 43.589 72.1 44 115.73 0.08911 0.12990 02190 1
140 100.51 0.01387 0.33771 44.945 62.564 107.51 45.304 70.954 116.26 0.09214 0.12665 0.21879
150 105.12 0.01400 0.31401 46.556 61.467 108.02 46.945 69.795 116.74 0.09501 0. 12357 0 21857
160 109.50 0.01413 0.29316 48.101 60.401 108.50 48.519 68.662 117.18 0.09774 0.12062 0.2 1836
170 113.69 0.0 1426 0.27466 49.586 59.362 108.95 50.035 67 .553 117.59 0. 10034 0.11781 0.21815
180 117.69 0.01439 0.25813 51.0 18 58.345 109.36 51.497 66.464 117.96 0. 10284 0.11511 02 1795
190 121.53 0.01452 0.24327 52.402 57 .349 109.75 52.912 65.392 118.30 0.10524 0.11250 0.2 1774
200 125.22 0 .01464 0.22983 53.743 56 .371 110.11 54.285 64.335 118.62 0. 10754 0.10998 021753
220 132.21 0.0 1490 0.20645 56.310 54.458 110.77 56 .917 62.256 119. 17 0.11192 0.10517 0.2 1710
240 138.73 0.01516 0.18677 58.746 52 .591 111.34 59.419 60.213 11 9.63 0 .11603 0.1006 1 0.21665
260 144.85 0 .01543 0.16996 61.071 50.757 111.83 61.813 58.192 120.00 0 .11992 0.09625 0.21617
280 150.62 0.01570 0.1554 1 63.301 48 .945 112.25 64.115 !:l6.184 120.30 0.1 2362 0.09205 0.21567
300 156.09 0.01598 0.14266 65.452 47.143 112.60 66.339 54.1 76 120.52 0 .12715 0.08797 0.21512
350 168.64 0.01672 0. 11 664 70.554 42.627 113.18 71.638 49.099 120.74 0.1354 2 0.07814 0.21356
400 179 .86 0.01757 0.09642 75.385 37 .963 113.35 76.686 43.798 120.48 0.14314 0.06848 0.2 11 61
4 50 190.02 0.01860 0.07987 80.092 32.939 113.03 81.641 38.04 1 119.68 0.1505 0.05854 0.2091 1
500 199.29 0.01995 0.06551 84.871 27 .168 112.04 86 .718 31.382 1 18.10 0.15805 0.04762 0.20566
980 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-13E
Superh eated refrigerant - 134a
5 5
5
T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
OF ft 3/ lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm · R ft 3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm · R ft3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm· R

P = 10 psia (Tsat = - 29.52°F) P = 15 psia (T501 14.15°F) P = 20 psia (Tsat - - 2.43°F)

Sat. 4.3753 90.59 98.68 0.22948 2.9880 92 .70 100.99 0.22715 2.2772 94.30 102.73 0.22567
- 20 4.4856 92. 13 100.43 0.23350
0 4 .7135 95.4 1 104.14 0.24174 3.100 1 95.08 103.68 0.23310 2.2922 94.72 103.20 0 .22671
20 4.9380 98.77 107.91 0.24976 3.2551 98.48 107.52 0.24127 2.4130 98.19 107.12 0.23504
40 5.1600 102.20 111.75 0.25761 3.4074 101.95 111.41 0.24922 2.5306 101.70 111.07 0.24311
60 5.3802 105.72 115.67 0.26531 3.5577 105.50 115.38 0.25700 2.646 1 105.28 11 5.07 0.25097
80 5.5989 109.32 119.68 0 .27288 3.7064 109 .13 119.42 0.26463 2.7600 108 .93 119.15 0.25866
100 5.8165 11 3 .01 123 .78 0.28033 3.8540 112.84 123.54 0.27212 2.8726 112.66 123.29 0.26621
120 6.033 1 11 6 .79 127.96 0.28767 4.0006 116.63 127.74 0.27950 2.9842 116.47 127.52 0.27363
140 6.2490 120 .66 132 .22 0.29490 4. 1464 120.51 132.02 0.28677 3.0950 120.37 131.82 0.28093
160 6.4642 124.61 136.57 0.30203 4.2915 124.48 136.39 0 .29393 3.2051 124.35 136.21 0.28812
180 6.6789 128.65 141.01 0.30908 4.436 1 128.53 140.84 0 .30100 3.3146 128.41 140.67 0 .29521
200 6.8930 132.77 145.53 0.31604 4.5802 132.66 145.37 0.30798 3.4237 132.55 145.22 0 .3022 1
220 7.1068 136.98 150.13 0.32292 4.7239 136.88 149.99 0.31487 3.5324 136.78 149.85 0.30912

P = 30 psia ( Tsat 15.3JCF) p 40 ps ta (Tsat 29 .01 °F) P = 50 psia ( Tsat = 40.23 °F)
Sat. 1.5492 96.72 105.32 0 .22383 1.1760 98.55 107.26 0 .22268 0.9479 100 04 108.8 1 0 .22 188
20 1.5691 97 .56 106.27 0.22581
40 1.6528 101.17 110.35 0.23414 1.2126 100.61 109.58 0.22738
60 1.7338 104.82 114.45 0.24219 1.2768 104.34 113.79 0.23565 1.0019 103 .84 113.11 0.23031
80 1.8130 108.53 118.59 0.25002 1.3389 108.11 118.02 0.24363 1.0540 107.68 117.43 0.23847
100 1.8908 112.30 122.80 0.25767 1.3995 111.93 122.29 0.25140 1.1043 111.55 121.77 0.24637
120 1.9675 11 6 .15 127.07 0.26517 1.4588 115.82 126.62 0.25900 1.1534 115.48 126.16 0.25406
140 2.0434 120.08 131.42 0.27254 1.5173 119.78 131.01 0.26644 1.2015 119.47 130.59 0.26159
160 2.1185 124.08 135.84 0.27979 1.5750 123.81 135.47 0 .27375 1.2488 123.53 135 09 0 .26896
180 2.1931 128.16 140.34 0.28693 1.6321 127.91 140.00 0 .28095 1.2955 127 .66 139 65 0.27621
200 2.2671 132.32 144.91 0.29398 1.6887 132.10 144.60 0 .28803 1.3416 131.87 144.28 0 .28333
220 2.3408 136.57 149 .56 0.30092 1.7449 136.36 149.27 0 .29501 1.3873 136.15 148.98 0.29036
240 2.4141 140.89 154.29 0.30778 1.8007 140.70 154.03 0.30190 1.4326 140.50 153.76 0 .29728
260 2.4871 145.30 159.10 0 .31456 1.8562 145.12 158.86 0.30871 1.4776 144.93 158.60 0 .3041 1
280 2.5598 149.78 163.99 0.32126 1.9114 149.61 163.76 0.31543 1.5223 149.44 163.53 0.31086

p p 80 psi a ( Tsat 65 .89°F)

P = 60 psi a ( Tsat 49.84°F) 70 psia ( r,.t 58.30°F)
Sat. 0.7936 101.30 110.11 0.22127 0.6821 102 .39 111.22 0.22080 0.59750 103.35 112 .20 0.22040
60 0 .8179 103.31 112.39 0 .22570 0.6857 102.73 111.62 0.22155
80 0.8636 107.23 116.82 0.23407 0.7271 106.76 116.18 0.23016 0.62430 106.26 115.51 0 .22661
100 0 .9072 111.16 121.24 0.24211 0.7662 110.76 120.68 0.23836 0.66009 110.34 120.11 0.23499
120 0.9495 115.14 125.68 0.24991 0.8037 114.78 125.19 0.24628 0.69415 114.42 124.69 0.24304
140 0.9908 119.16 130.16 0.25751 0.8401 118.85 129.73 0 .25398 0.72698 118.52 129.29 0.25083
160 1.0312 123.25 134.70 0.26496 0.8756 122.97 134.31 0.26149 0.75888 122.68 133.91 0.25841
180 1.0709 127.41 139.30 0.27226 0.9105 127' 15 138.94 0.26885 0.79003 126 .89 138.58 0.26583
200 1.1101 131.63 143 .96 0 .27943 0.9447 131.40 143.63 0.27607 0.82059 131.16 143.31 0.27310
220 1.1489 135.93 148.69 0.28649 0.9785 135.71 148.39 0.28317 0.85065 135.49 148.09 0.28024
240 1.1872 140.30 153.48 0 .29344 1.0118 140.10 153.21 0.29015 0.88030 139.90 152.93 0.28726
260 1.2252 144.75 158.35 0 .30030 1.0449 144.56 158.10 0.29704 0.9096 1 144.37 157.84 0.294 18
280 1.2629 149.27 163.29 0 .30707 1.0776 149.10 163.06 0.30384 0.93861 148.92 162.82 0.30100
300 1.3004 153.87 168.31 0.31376 1.1101 153.71 168.09 0.31055 0.96737 153.54 167 .86 0.30773
320 1.3377 158.54 173.39 0.32037 1.1424 158.39 173.19 0.31718 0.99590 158.24 172.98 0.31438
 Appendix 2 981
TABLE A-13E
Superheated refrigerant - 134a (Concluded )
s s s
T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
OF ft 3/lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm· R ft 3 /lbm Btu/Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm· R ft 3/ lbm Btu/ Ibm Btu/Ibm Ibm· R
p 90 psia ( T..1 - 72. 78. F) p 100 psia (Tsat 79.12°F) P = 120 psia (Tsat 90.49°F)
Sat. 0.53113 104.21 113.06 0.22006 0.47760 104.99 113.83 0.21976 0.39644 106.35 115.16 0.21924
80 0.54388 105.74 114.80 0.22330 0.47906 105.18 114.05 0 .220 16
100 0.57729 109.91 119.52 0.23189 0.51076 109.45 118.90 0.22900 0.41013 108.48 117.59 0.22362
120 0.60874 114.04 124. 18 0.24008 0.54022 113.66 123.65 0.23733 0.43692 112.84 122.54 0.23232
140 0.63885 118.19 128.83 0.24797 0.56821 117.86 128.37 0.24534 0.46190 11 7.15 127.41 0.24058
160 0.66796 122.38 133.51 0.25563 0.59513 122.08 133.09 0.25309 0.48563 121.46 132.25 0 .24851
180 0.69629 126.62 138.22 0.26311 0.62122 126.35 137.85 0.26063 0.50844 125.79 137.09 0.25619
200 0.72399 130.92 142.97 0.27043 0.64667 130.67 142.64 0.26801 0.53054 130.17 141.95 0.26368
220 0.75119 135.27 147.78 0.27762 0.67158 135.05 147.47 0.27523 0.55206 134.59 146.85 0.27100
240 0.77796 139.69 152.65 0.28468 0.69605 139.49 152.37 0.28233 0.57312 139.07 151.80 0.27817
260 0.80437 144.19 157.58 0 .29162 0.72016 143.99 157.32 0.28931 0 59379 143 .61 156.79 0.28521
280 0.83048 148.75 162.58 0.29847 0.74396 148.57 162.34 0.29618 0.61413 148.21 161.85 0 29214
300 0.85633 153.38 167.64 0 .30522 0 .76749 153.?1 167.42 0.30296 0.63420 152.88 166.96 0.29896
320 0.88195 158.08 172.77 0.31189 0.79079 157.93 172.56 0.30964 0.65402 157.62 172. 14 0.30569
p = 140 psi a ( r..t 100.50°F) p 160 psi a ( r.. 109.50°F) P = 180 psia (Tsat. 117.69°F)
Sat. 0.33771 107.51 116.26 0.21879 0.29316 108.50 117.18 0.21836 0.25813 109.36 117.96 0.21795
120 0.36243 111.96 121.35 0.22773 0.30578 111.01 120 06 0.22337 0.26083 109.94 118.63 0.21910
140 0.38551 116.41 126.40 0.23628 0.32774 115.62 125.32 0.23230 0.28231 114.77 124.17 0.22850
160 0.40711 120.81 131.36 0.24443 0 .34790 120. 13 130.43 0.24069 0.30154 119.42 129.46 0.23718
180 0.42766 125.22 136.30 0 .25227 0.36686 124.62 135.49 0.24871 0.31936 124.00 134.64 0.24540
200 0.44743 129.65 141.24 0.25988 0.38494 129.12 140.52 0.25645 0.33619 128.57 139.77 0.25330
220 0 .46657 134.12 146.2 1 0 .26730 0.40234 133.64 145.55 0.26397 0.35228 133.15 144.88 0.26094
240 0.48522 138.64 151.21 0.27455 0.41921 138.20 150.62 0.27131 0.36779 137.76 150.01 0.26837
260 0.50345 143.2 1 156.26 0.28166 0.43564 142.81 155.71 0.27849 0.38284 142.40 155. 16 0.27562
280 0 .52 134 147 .85 161.35 0.28864 0.45171 147.48 160.85 0.28554 0.39751 147. 10 160.34 0.28273
300 0.53895 152.54 166.50 0.29551 0.46748 152.20 166.04 0.29246 0.41186 151.85 165.57 0.28970
320 0.55630 157.30 171.71 0.30228 0.48299 156.98 171.28 0.29927 0.42594 156.66 170.85 0.29656
340 0.57345 162. 13 176.98 0.30896 0.49828 161.83 176.58 0.30598 0.43980 161.53 176. 18 0 .30331
360 0.59041 167.02 182.32 0.31555 0.51338 166.74 181.94 0.31260 0.45347 166.46 181.56 0.30996
P = 200 psia ( Tsat = 125.22. F) P = 300 ps1a ( 7"g1 = 156.09°F) P = 400 ps1a (TSJt 179.86°F)
Sat. 0.22983 110.11 118.62 0 .21753 0.14266 112.60 120.52 0.21512 0.09642 11 3.35 120.48 0.21161
140 0.24541 113.85 122 .93 0.22481
160 0.26412 118.66 128.44 0.23384 0.14656 113.82 121.95 0.21745
180 0.28115 123.35 133.76 0.24229 0 .16355 11 9.52 128.60 0.22802 0.09658 113.41 120.56 0.21173
200 0.29704 128.00 138.99 0.25035 0.17776 124.78 134.65 0.23733 0.11440 120.52 128. 99 0.22471
220 0.31212 132.64 144. 19 0.25812 0.19044 129.85 140.42 0.24594 0.12746 126.44 135.88 0.23500
240 0.32658 137.30 149.38 0.26565 0.20211 134.83 146.05 0.25410 0. 13853 131.95 142.20 0 24418
260 0.34054 141.99 154.59 0.27298 0.21306 139.77 151.59 0.26192 0. 14844 137.26 148.25 0.25270
280 0.35410 146.72 159.82 0.28015 0.22347 144.70 157.1 1 0.26947 0. 15756 142.48 154.14 0.26077
300 0.36733 151.50 165.09 0.28718 0.23346 149.65 162.61 0.27681 0. 16611 147.65 159.94 0.26851
320 0.38029 156.33 170.40 0.29408 0 .24310 154.63 168.12 0.28398 0. 17423 152.80 165.70 0.27599
340 0.39300 161.22 175.77 0.30087 0.25246 159.64 173.66 0.29098 0. 18201 157.97 17 1.44 0 28326
360 0.40552 166.17 181.18 0.30756 0.26159 164.70 179.22 0.29786 0. 18951 163.15 177.18 0 .29035
982 Thermodynamics
- 20 20 60 100 140 180 220 260
3000 y (I/ 3000
7! y A' ~ A<:' X-~ " ~7'{ J:).
2000 Ill :gII_ 1// n ~;w
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r- ~-00- ~E-~-~
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oen~
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"· ,.,
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;:,- ff "'o ~ I/
.:>.--
y ~ -b::::=\f--
'11-:-2=---cl--
v "' ---v
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R-134a 0
~fJ' ~ \_ l.l-'
11/J-- ---------L K y 48~tt=
400 ~- 11-- ~ ' )_.,~ i"'WJ~ _\-1-f\ /ll fA-~r7\ =3~=

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Oo96
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- I-
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~b¥s F=
="-Q,36 F= 40
• /1/ ~k 1---1 '-~-- 1-- r-o~hf6:
20 ~VJ:W I-IY '!If_~! 'L 'f-f ~ I 7 f-f-J I b~Ps'~
2;,2!·~-~ ~~~v\0 Jt"-o7rJC-'ff[~k~ 'fd'rft'' 1;Y I ~-I-t r- i ~r :r
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10
4f- X W W" v I JI1T
"i1 J- ~ 1- b 0! 6 a a· a \::\. ':> F= ,;_;;- ~,,07;~::-
'!I= 'J 1//, !§,
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4

~ /IY ·!t-~'K 1 I u.--u---S'~tf9Ti-l ·v1J1---r- 71 lL 1-:15 -~r- .,£! f-~e1s=

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-20
fPrJfti'lw---tt1n-ftfU-V--\tftt2LWL ~~ 1 I ~ ~· f-7?1- 9°(2 I
20 60 100 140 180 220 260
Enthalpy, Btu/Ibm

FIGURE A-14E
P-h diag ram for refrigerant- 134a.
Reprinred by permission of American Society of Hewing, Reji·igeraring. and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Arlawa. GA.
 ......... -··-···-
TABLE A-16E
Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude
Speed of Thermal
Altitude, Temperature, Pressure, Gravity, sound, Density, Viscosity conductivity,
ft OF psi a g, ft!sZ ft/s lbm/ft3 p,, lbm/ft · s Btu/h · ft · R

0 59.00 14.7 32.174 1116 0.07647 1.202 X 10 5 0.0146

500 57.22 14.4 32.173 1115 0.07536 1.199 X 10 5 0.0146
1000 55.43 14. 2 32.171 1113 0.07426 1.196 X 10 5 0.0146
1500 53.65 13.9 32.169 1111 0.07317 1.193 X 10 5 0.0145
2000 51.87 13.7 32.168 1109 0.07210 1.190 x 10- 5 0.0145
2500 50.09 13.4 32.166 1107 0.07104 1.186 x 10- 5 0.0144
3000 48.30 13.2 32.165 1105 0.06998 1.183 x 10- 5 0.0144
3500 46.52 12.9 32.163 1103 0.06985 1.180 x 10- 5 0.0143
4000 44.74 12.7 32.162 1101 0.06792 1.177 X 10 5 0.0143
4500 42.96 12.5 32.160 1099 0.06690 1.173 x 10- 5 0.0142
5000 41.17 12.2 32.159 1097 0.06590 1.110 x 10- 5 0.0142
5500 39.39 12.0 32.157 1095 0.06491 1.167 x 10- 5 0.0141
6000 37.61 11.8 32.156 1093 0.06393 1.164 x 10- 5 0.0141
6500 35.83 11.6 32.154 1091 0.06296 1.160 x 10- 5 0.0141
7000 34.05 11.3 32.152 1089 0.06200 1.157 x 10- 5 0.0140
7500 32.26 11.1 32.151 1087 0.06105 1.154 X 10 5 0.0140
8000 30.48 10.9 32.149 1085 0.06012 1.150 X 10 5 0.0139
8500 28.70 10.7 32.148 1083 0.05919 1.147 X 10 5 0.0139
9000 26.92 10.5 32.146 1081 0.05828 1.144 X 10 5 0.0138
9500 25.14 10.3 32.145 1079 0.05738 1.140 X 10 5 0.0138
10,000 23.36 10.1 32.145 1077 0.05648 1.137 X 10 5 0.0137
11,000 19.79 9.72 32.140 1073 0.05473 1.130 X 10 5 0.0136
12,000 16.23 9 .34 32.137 1069 0.05302 1.124 X 10 5 0.0136
13,000 12.67 8.99 32.134 1065 0.05135 1.117 X 10 5 0 .0135
14,000 9.12 8.63 32.131 1061 0.04973 1.110 X 10 5 0.0134
15,000 5.55 8.29 32.128 1057 0.04814 1.104 X 10 5 0.0133
16,000 + 1.99 7.97 32.125 1053 0.04659 1.097 X 10 5 0.0132
17,000 - 1.58 7.65 32.122 1049 0.04508 1.090 X 10 5 0.0132
18,000 - 5.14 7.34 32.119 1045 0.04361 1.083 X 10 5 0.0130
19,000 - 8 .70 7.05 32.115 1041 0.04217 1.076 X 10 5 0.0129
20,000 - 12.2 6.76 32.112 1037 0.04077 1.070 X 10 5 0.0128
22,000 - 19.4 6.21 32.106 1029 0.03808 1.056 X 10 5 0.0126
24,000 - 26.5 5.70 32.100 1020 0.03553 1.042 X 10 5 0 .01 24
26,000 -33 .6 5.22 32.094 1012 0.03311 1.028 X 10 5 0 .0122
28,000 - 40.7 4.78 32.088 1003 0.03082 1.014 X 10 5 0.0121
30,000 - 47.8 4 .37 32.082 995 0.02866 1.000 X 10 5 0.0119
32,000 -54.9 3.99 32.08 987 0.02661 0.986 X 10 5 0.0117
34,000 -62. 0 3.63 32.07 978 0.02468 0 .971 X 10 5 0.0115
36,000 - 69.2 3.30 32.06 969 0.02285 0.956 X 10 5 0.0113
38,000 - 69.7 3.05 32.06 968 0.02079 0.955 X 10 5 0.0113
40,000 -69.7 2.73 32.05 968 0.01890 0.955 X 10 5 0.0113
45,000 - 69.7 2.148 32.04 968 0.01487 0.955 X 10 5 0.0113
50,000 - 69.7 1.691 32.02 968 0.01171 0.955 X 10 5 0.0113
55,000 - 69.7 1.332 32.00 968 0.00922 0.955 X 10 5 0.0113
60,000 - 69.7 1.048 31.99 968 0.00726 0.955 X 10 5 0.0113

Source: U. S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Based on year-round mean cond1l10ns at 4 5° latitude
and varies with the time of the year and the weather patterns. The cond itions at sea level (z = 0) are taken to be P 14 .69 psi a, T = 59°F,
- __ ,... " . . . . " ,, ., ........... - .. ., .., ,
984 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-17E
Ideal-gas properties of air
T h u so T h u so
R Btu/Ibm P, Btu/Ibm v, Btu/Ibm· R R Btu/Ibm P, Btu/Ibm v, Btu/ Ibm· R
360 85.97 0.3363 61.29 396.6 0.50369 1600 395.74 71.13 286.06 8.263 0.87130
380 90.75 0.4061 64.70 346.6 0.51663 1650 409.13 80.89 296.03 7.556 0.87954
400 95.53 0 .4858 68.11 305.0 0.52890 1700 422.59 90.95 306.06 6.924 0.887 58
420 100.32 0.5760 71.52 270.1 0.54058 1750 436.12 101.98 316.16 6.357 0.89542
440 105.11 0.6776 74.93 240.6 0.55172 1800 449.71 114.0 326.32 5.847 0.90308
460 109.90 0.7913 78.36 215.33 0.56235 1850 463.37 127.2 336.55 5.388 0. 91056
480 114.69 0.9182 81.77 193.65 0.57255 1900 477.09 141.5 346.85 4.974 0. 91788
500 119.48 1.0590 85.20 174.90 0.58233 1950 490.88 157.1 357.20 4.598 0. 92504
520 124.27 1.2147 88.62 158.58 0.59173 2000 504.71 174.0 367.61 4.258 0. 93205
537 128.10 1.3593 91.53 146.34 0.59945 2050 518.71 192.3 378.08 3.949 0. 93891
540 129.06 1.3860 92.04 144.32 0.60078 2100 532.55 212.1 388.60 3.667 0 . 94564
560 133.86 1.5742 95.47 131.78 0.60950 2150 546.54 223.5 399.17 3.410 0. 95222
580 138.66 1.7800 98.90 120.70 0.61793 2200 560.59 256.6 409.78 3.176 0. 95919
600 143.47 2.005 102.34 110.88 0.62607 2250 574.69 281.4 420.46 2.961 0. 96501
620 148.28 2.249 105.78 102.12 0 .63395 2300 588.82 308.1 431.16 2.765 0.97123
640 153.09 2.514 109.2 1 94.30 0.64159 2350 603.00 336.8 441.91 2.585 0.97732
660 157.92 2.801 11 2.67 87.27 0.64902 2400 617.22 367.6 452.70 2.419 0. 98331
680 162.73 3 .111 116.12 80.96 0.65621 2450 631.48 400.5 463.54 2.266 0. 98919
700 167.56 3.446 119.58 75.25 0.66321 2500 645.78 435.7 474.40 2.125 0.99497
720 172.39 3.806 123.04 70.07 0.67002 2550 660.12 473.3 485 .31 1.996 1.00064
740 177.23 4.193 126.51 65.38 0.67665 2600 674.49 513.5 496 .26 1.876 1.00623
760 182.08 4.607 129.99 61.10 0.68312 2650 688.90 556.3 507.25 1.765 1.01172
780 186.94 5.051 133.4 7 57.20 0 .68942 2700 703.35 601.9 518.26 1.662 1.01712
800 191.81 5.526 136.97 53.63 0.69558 2750 717.83 650.4 529.31 1.566 1.02244
820 196.69 6.033 140.47 50.35 0.70160 2800 732.33 702.0 540.40 1.478 1.02767
840 201.56 6.573 143.98 47.34 0.70747 2850 746 .88 756.7 551.52 1.395 1.03282
860 206.46 7.149 147.50 44.57 0.71323 2900 761.45 814.8 562.66 1.318 1.03788
880 211.35 7.761 151.02 42.0 1 0.71886 2950 776.05 876.4 573 .84 1.247 1.04288
900 216.26 8.411 154.57 39.64 0.72438 3000 790.68 941.4 585.04 1.180 1.04779
920 22 1.18 9.102 158.12 37.44 0 .72979 3050 805 .34 1011 596.28 1.118 1.05264
940 226.11 9.834 161.68 35.41 0.73509 3100 820.03 1083 607.53 1.060 1.05741
960 231.06 10.6 1 165.26 33 .52 0.74030 3150 834 .75 1161 618.82 1.006 1.06212
980 236.02 11.43 168.83 31.76 0.74540 3200 849.48 1242 630.12 0.955 1.06676
1000 240.98 12.30 172.43 30.12 0.75042 3250 864.24 1328 641.46 0.907 1.07134
1040 250.95 14.18 179.66 27.17 0 .760 19 3300 879.02 1418 652.81 0.8621 1.07585
1080 260.97 16.28 186.93 24.58 0.76964 3350 893.83 1513 664.20 0.8202 1.08031
1120 271.03 18.60 194.25 22.30 0.77880 3400 908.66 1613 675.60 0.7807 1.08470
1160 281.14 21.18 201.63 20.29 0.78767 3450 923.52 1719 687 .04 0.7436 1.08904
1200 291.30 24.01 209.05 18.51 0 .79628 3500 938.40 1829 698.48 0.7087 1.09332
1240 301.52 27 .13 216.53 16.93 0.80466 3550 953 .30 1946 709.95 0 .6759 1.09755
1280 311.79 30.55 224.05 15.52 0.81280 3600 968.21 2068 721.44 0.6449 1.10172
1320 322.11 34.31 231.63 14.25 0.82075 3650 983.15 2196 732.95 0.6157 1.10584
1360 332.48 38.41 239.25 13.12 0.82848 3700 998.11 2330 744.48 0.5882 1.10991
1400 342.90 42 .88 246.93 12.10 0.83604 3750 1013.1 2471 756.04 0 .5621 1.11393
1440 353.3 7 47.75 254.66 11.17 0 .84341 3800 1028.1 2618 767.60 0.5376 1.11791
1480 363.89 53.04 262.44 10.34 0.85062 3850 1043.1 2773 779.19 0 .5143 1.12 183
1520 374.47 58.78 270.26 9.578 0.85767 3900 1058.1 2934 790.80 0.4923 1.12571
1560 385.08 65 .00 278.13 8.890 0.86456 3950 1073.2 3103 802.43 0.4715 1.12955
 Appendix 2 985
TABLE A-17E
Idea l-gas properties of air (Concluded)
T h u so T h u so
R Btu/Ibm P, Btu/Ibm v, Btu/Ibm· R R Btu/Ibm P, Btu/Ibm v, Btu/Ibm · R

4000 1088.3 3280 814.06 0.4518 1.13334 4600 1270.4 6089 955.04 0.2799 1.17575
4050 1103.4 3464 825.72 0.4331 1.13709 4700 1300.9 6701 978.73 0.2 598 1.18232
4100 1118.5 3656 837.40 0.4154 1.14079 4800 1331.5 7362 1002.5 0 .2415 1.18876
4150 1133 .6 3858 849.09 0.3985 1.14446 4900 1362.2 8073 1026.3 0.2248 1.19508
4200 1148.7 4067 860.81 0.3826 1.14809 5000 1392.9 8837 1050.1 0 .2096 1.20129
4300 1179.0 4513 884.28 0.3529 1.15522 5100 1423.6 9658 1074.0 0.1956 1.20738
4400 1209.4 4997 907 .81 0.3262 1.16221 5200 1454.4 10,539 1098 .0 0.1828 1.21336
4500 1239.9 5521 931.39 0.3019 1.16905 5300 1485.3 11,481 1122.0 0 .1710 1.21923

Note: The properties P, (re lative pressure) and v, (relative speci fi c volume) are dimensionless quantities used in th e analysis of isentrop ic processes, and
should not be co nfused w1th th e properties pressu re and specific volume.
Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (N ew York: McGraw-Hill , 1983), pp. 832- 33, Table A- 5. Origi nally published in J. H. Keenan and
J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1948).
986 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-18E
Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2

T h u so T h iJ :so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R

300 2,082.0 1,486.2 41.695 1080 7,551.0 5,406.2 50.651

320 2,221.0 1,585.5 42.143 1100 7,695.0 5,510.5 50.783
340 2,360 .0 1,684.4 42.564 1120 7,839.3 5,615.2 50.912
360 2,498.9 1,784.0 42.962 1140 7,984.0 5,720.1 51.040
380 2,638.0 1,883.4 43.337 1160 8,129.0 5,825.4 51.167

400 2,777.0 1,982.6 43.694 1180 8,274.4 5,931.0 51.291

420 2,916.1 2,082.0 44.034 1200 8,420.0 6,037 .0 51.143
440 3,055.1 2,181.3 44.357 1220 8,566.1 6,143.4 51.534
460 3,194.1 2,280.6 44.665 1240 8,712.6 6,250.1 51.653
480 3,333.1 2,379.9 44.962 1260 8 ,859.3 6,357 .2 51.771

500 3,472.2 2,479.3 45.246 1280 9,006.4 6,464.5 51.887

520 3,611.3 2,578.6 45.519 1300 9,153.9 6,572 .3 51.001
537 3,729.5 2 ,663.1 45.743 1320 9 ,301.8 6,680.4 52.114
540 3,750.3 2,678.0 45.781 1340 9,450.0 6,788.9 52.225
560 3,889.5 2,777.4 46.034 1360 9 ,598.6 6,897.8 52.335

580 4,028.7 2 ,876.9 46.278 1380 9,747.5 7,007.0 52.444

600 4,167 .9 2,976.4 46.514 1400 9 ,896.9 7,116.7 52.551
620 4,307.1 3 ,075.9 46.742 1420 10,046.6 7,226.7 52 .658
640 4,446.4 3,175.5 46.964 1440 10,196.6 7,337.0 52.763
660 4,585.8 3 ,275.2 47 .178 1460 10,347.0 7,447.6 52.867

680 4,725.3 3 ,374.9 47 .386 1480 10,497.8 7,558.7 52.969

700 4,864.9 3 ,474.8 47.588 1500 10,648.0 7,670.1 53.071
720 5,004 .5 3 ,574.7 47.785 1520 10,800.4 7,781.9 53.171
740 5,144.3 3, 674.7 47 .977 1540 10,952.2 7,893 .9 53.271
760 5,284.1 3 ,774.9 48.164 1560 11 ,104.3 8 ,006.4 53.369

780 5,424. 2 3 ,875. 2 48.345 1580 11,256.9 8,119.2 53.465

800 5,564.4 3 ,975 .7 48.522 1600 11,409.7 8 ,232.3 53 .561
820 5,704.7 4,076.3 48.696 1620 11 ,562.8 8 ,345.7 53.656
840 5,845.3 4 ,177.1 48.865 1640 11 ,716.4 8 ,459.6 53.751
860 5,985.9 4,278.1 49 .031 1660 11 ,870.2 8 ,573.6 53.844

880 6,126.9 4,379.4 49.193 1680 12 ,024.3 8 ,688.1 53.936

900 6,268 .1 4,480.8 49.352 1700 12 ,178.9 8,802.9 54.028
920 6,409 .6 4,582.6 49.507 1720 12 ,333.7 8,918.0 54.118
940 6,551.2 4,684.5 49.659 1740 12,488.8 9,033.4 54.208
960 6,693.1 4 ,786 .7 49.808 1760 12,644.3 9,149.2 54.297

980 6,835.4 4 ,889 .3 49 .955 1780 12,800.2 9,265.3 54.385

1000 6,977.9 4,992.0 50.099 1800 12,956.3 9,381.7 54.472
1020 7,120.7 5,095 .1 50.241 1820 13,112.7 9,498.4 54.559
1040 7,263.8 5,198.5 50.380 1840 13,269.5 9,615.5 54.645
1060 7,407.2 5,302.2 50.516 1860 13,426.5 9,732 .8 54.729
 Appendix 2 987

TABLE A-18E
Idea l-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 (Concluded)
T h u so T h u so
Bt u/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R
R
13,742 9,968 54.896 3500 27,016 20,065 59.944
1900
14,058 10,205 55.061 3540 27,359 20,329 60.041
1940
14,375 10,443 55.223 3580 27,703 20,593 60.138
1980
14,694 10,682 55.383 3620 28,046 20,858 60.234
2020
15,013 10,923 55.540 3660 28,391 21,122 60.328
2060
15,334 11,164 55.694 3700 28,735 21,387 60.422
2100
15,656 11,406 55.846 3740 29,080 21,653 60.515
2140
15,978 11,649 55.995 3780 29,425 21,919 60.607
2180
16,302 11,893 56.141 3820 29, 771 22,185 60.698
2220
16,626 12,138 56.286 3860 30,117 22,451 60.788
2260
16,951 12,384 56.429 3900 30,463 22,718 60.877
2300
2340 17,277 12,630 56 .570 3940 30,809 22,985 60.966
17,604 12,878 56.708 3980 31,156 23,252 61.053
2380
17,392 13,126 56.845 4020 31,503 23,520 61.139
2420
18,260 13,375 56.980 4060 31,850 23,788 61.225
2460
2500 18,590 13,625 57.112 4100 32,198 24,056 61.310
18,919 13,875 57.243 4140 32,546 24,324 61.395
2540
19,250 14,127 57.372 4180 32,894 24,593 61.479
2580
19,582 14,379 57.499 4220 33,242 24,862 61.562
2620
19,914 14,631 57.625 4260 33,591 25,131 61.644
2660
20,246 14,885 57.750 4300 33,940 25,401 61.726
2700
2740 20,580 15,139 57.872 4340 34,289 25,670 61.806
20,914 15,393 57.993 4380 34,638 25,940 61.887
2780
21,248 15,648 58.113 4420 34,988 26,210 61.966
2820
21,584 15,905 58.231 4460 35,338 26,481 62.045
2860
21,920 16,161 58.348 4500 35,688 26,751 62.123
2900
2940 22,256 16,417 58.463 4540 36,038 27,022 62.201
2980 22,593 16,675 58.576 4580 36,389 27,293 62 .278
22,930 16,933 58.688 4620 36,739 27,565 62.354
3020
23,268 58.800 4660 37,090 27,836 62.429
3060 17' 192
23,607 17,451 58.910 4700 37,441 28,108 62.504
3100
23,946 17,710 59 .019 4740 37,792 28,379 62.578
3140
3180 24,285 17,970 59.126 4780 38,144 28,651 62.652
3220 24,625 18,231 59 .232 4820 38,495 28,924 62.725
3260 24,965 18,491 59.338 4860 38,847 29, 196 62.798

25,306 18,753 59.442 4900 39,199 29,468 62.870

3300
25,647 19,014 59.544 5000 40,080 30,151 63.049
3340
25,989 19,277 59.646 5100 40,962 30,834 63.223
3380
3420 26,33 1 19,539 59.747 5200 41,844 31,518 63.395
3460 26,673 19,802 59.846 5300 42,728 32,203 63.563

Source: Tables A- 18E through A- 23E are adapted from Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 834- 44.
Origina lly published in J. H. Keenan and J. Kaye, Gas Tables (N ew York: John Wiley & Sons, 1945).
988 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-19E
Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, 0 2
T h u :so T h u :so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu /lbmol· R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R

300 2,073.5 1,477 .8 44.927 1080 7,696.8 5,552.1 54.064

320 2,212.6 1,577 .1 45.375 1100 7,850.4 5,665.9 54.204
340 2,351.7 1,676.5 45.797 1120 8,004.5 5,780.3 54.343
360 2,490.8 1,775.9 46.195 1140 8,159.1 5,895.2 54.480
380 2,630.0 1,875.3 46.571 1160 8,314.2 6,010.6 54.614

400 2.769.1 1,97 4.8 46.927 1180 8,469.8 6,126.5 54.748

420 2,908.3 2,074.3 47.267 1200 8,625.8 6,242.8 54.879
440 3,047.5 2,173.8 47 .591 1220 8,782.4 6,359 .6 55.008
460 3,186.9 2,273.4 47.900 1240 8,939.4 6,476.9 55.136
480 3,326.5 2,373.3 48.198 1260 9,096.7 6,594.5 55.262

500 3,466.2 2,473.2 48.483 1280 9,254.6 6,712.7 55 .386

520 3,606.1 2,573.4 48.757 1300 9,412.9 6,831.3 55.508
537 3,725.1 2,658.7 48.982 1320 9,571.9 6,950.2 55.630
540 3,746.2 2,673.8 49.021 1340 9,730.7 7,069 .6 55.750
560 3,886.6 2,774.5 49.276 1360 9,890.2 7,189.4 55.867

580 4,027.3 2,875.5 49.522 1380 10,050.1 7,309.6 55.984

600 4,168.3 2,976.8 49.762 1400 10,2 10.4 7,430.1 56.099
620 4,309 .7 3,078.4 49.993 1420 10,371.0 7,551.1 56 .213
640 4,451.4 3,180.4 50.218 1440 10,532.0 7,672.4 56.326
660 4,593.5 3,282.9 50.437 1460 10,693 .3 7,793.9 56.437

680 4,736.2 3,385.8 50.650 1480 10,855.1 7,916.0 56.547

700 4,879 .3 3,489.2 50.858 1500 11,017.1 8,038.3 56.656
720 5,022.9 3,593.1 51.059 1520 11,179.6 8,161.1 56.763
740 5.167.0 3,697.4 51.257 1540 11 ,342.4 8,284.2 56 .869
760 5,311.4 3,802.4 51.450 1560 11,505.4 8,407.4 56.975

780 5,456.4 3,907.5 51.638 1580 11,668.8 8,531.1 57 .079

800 5,602.0 4,013 .3 51.821 1600 11,832.5 8,655.1 57.182
820 5,748.1 4,119 .7 52.002 1620 11 ,996 .6 8 ,779.5 57.284
840 5,894.8 4,226.6 52.179 1640 12,160.9 8,904.1 57.385
860 6,041.9 4,334.1 52 .352 1660 12,325.5 9,029.0 57.484

880 6,189.6 4,442.0 52.522 1680 12,490.4 9,154.1 57.582

900 6,337.9 4,550.6 52.688 1700 12,655.6 9,279.6 57 .680
920 6,486. 7 4,659.7 52.852 1720 12,821.1 9,405.4 57.777
940 6,636.1 4,769.4 53.012 1740 12,986.9 9,531.5 57.873
960 6,786.0 4,879.5 53.170 1760 13,153.0 9,657.9 57.968

980 6,936.4 4,990.3 53.326 1780 13,319.2 9,784.4 58 .062

1000 7,087.5 5,101.6 53.477 1800 13.485.8 9,911.2 58.155
1020 7,238.9 5,213.3 53.628 1820 13,652.5 10,038.2 58.247
1040 7,391.0 5,325.7 53.775 1840 13,819.6 10,165.6 58.339
1060 7,543.6 5,438.6 53.921 1860 13,986.8 10,293.1 58.428
 Appendix 2 989

TABLE A- 19E
Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, 0 2 (Concluded)
T Fi u so T h u so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R

1900 14,322 10,549 58.607 3500 28,273 21,323 63.914

1940 14,658 10,806 58.782 3540 28,633 21,603 64.016
1980 14,995 11,063 58.954 3580 28,994 21,884 64.114
2020 15,333 11,321 59.123 3620 29,354 22,165 64.217
2060 15,672 11,581 59.289 3660 29,716 22,447 64.316

2100 16,011 11,841 59.451 3700 30,078 22,730 64.415

2140 16,351 12,101 59.612 3740 30,440 23,013 64.512
2180 16,692 12,363 59.770 3780 30,803 23,296 64.609
2220 17,036 12,625 59.926 3820 31,166 23,580 64.704
2260 17,376 12,888 60.077 3860 31,529 23,864 64.800

2300 17,719 13,151 60.228 3900 31,894 24,149 64.893

2340 18,062 13,416 60.376 3940 32,258 24,434 64.986
2380 18,407 13,680 60.522 3980 32,623 24,720 65.078
2420 18,572 13,946 60.666 4020 32 ,989 25,006 65.169
2460 19,097 14,212 60.808 4060 33,355 25,292 65.260

2500 19,443 14,479 60.946 4100 33,722 25,580 65.350

2540 19,790 14,746 61.084 4140 34,089 25,867 64.439
2580 20,138 15,014 61.220 4180 34,456 26,155 65.527
2620 20,485 15,282 61.354 4220 34,824 26,144 65.615
2660 20,834 15,551 61.486 4260 35,192 26,733 65.702

2700 21,183 15,821 61.616 4300 35,561 27,022 65.788

2740 21,533 16,091 61.744 4340 35,930 27,312 65.873
2780 21,883 16,362 61.871 4380 36,300 27 ,602 65.958
2820 22,232 16,633 61.996 4420 36,670 27,823 66.042
2860 22,584 16,905 62.120 4460 37,041 28,184 66.125

2900 22,936 17,177 62.242 4500 37,412 28,475 66.208

2940 23,288 17,450 62.363 4540 37,783 28,768 66.290
2980 23,641 17,723 62.483 4580 38,155 29,060 66.372
3020 23,994 17,997 62.599 4620 38,528 29,353 66.453
3060 24,348 18,271 62.716 4660 38,900 29,646 66.533

3100 24,703 18,546 62.831 4700 39,274 29,940 66.613

3140 25,057 18,822 62.945 4740 39,647 30,234 66.691
3180 25,413 19,098 63.057 4780 40,02 1 30,529 66.770
3220 25,769 19,374 63.169 4820 40,396 30,824 66.848
3260 26, 175 19,651 63.279 4860 40,771 31,120 66.925

3300 26,412 19,928 63.386 4900 41 ,146 31,415 67.003

3340 26,839 20,206 63 .494 5000 42,086 32,157 67.193
3380 27' 197 20,485 63.601 5100 43,021 32,901 67.380
3420 27,555 20,763 63.706 5200 43,974 33,648 67.562
3460 27,914 21,043 63.811 5300 44,922 34,397 67.743
990 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-20E
Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, C0 2
T h u so T h u so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R
300 2,108.2 1,512.4 46.353 1080 9,575.8 7,431.1 58.072
320 2,256.6 1,621.1 46.832 1100 9,802.6 7,618.1 58.281
340 2,407.3 1,732.1 47.289 1120 10,030.6 7,806.4 58.485
360 2,560.5 1,845.6 47 .728 1140 10,260.1 7,996.2 58.689
380 2,716.4 1,96 1.8 48.148 1160 10,490.6 8,187 .0 58.889
400 2,874.7 2,080.4 48.555 1180 10,722.3 8,379.0 59.088
420 3,035.7 2,201.7 48.947 1200 10,955.3 8,572 .3 59.283
440 3,199.4 2,325.6 49.329 1220 11,189.4 8,766.6 59.477
460 3,365.7 2,452.2 49.698 1240 11,424.6 8,962. 1 59.668
480 3,534.7 2,581.5 50 .058 1260 11 ,66 1.0 9,158.8 59.858
500 3,706.2 2,713.3 50.408 1280 11,898.4 9,356.5 60.044
520 3,880.3 2,847.7 50.750 1300 12,136.9 9,555.3 60 .22 9
537 4,027.5 2,963 .8 51.032 1320 12,376.4 9,755 .0 60.412
540 4,056.8 2,984.4 51.082 1340 12,617.0 9,955.9 60.593
560 4,235.8 3,123 .7 51.408 1360 12,858.5 10,157.7 60.772
580 4,417.2 3,265.4 51.726 1380 13,101.0 10,360.5 60.949
600 4,600.9 3,409.4 52.038 1400 13,344.7 10,564.5 61.124
620 4,786.6 3,555.6 52 .343 1420 13,589.1 10,769.2 61.298
640 4,974 .9 3,704.0 52.641 1440 13,834.5 10,974.8 61.469
660 5,165.2 3,854.6 52.934 1460 14,080.8 11,181.4 61.639
680 5,357.6 4,007.2 53.225 1480 14,328.0 11,388.9 61.800
700 5,552.0 4,161.9 53.503 1500 14,576.0 11,597.2 61.974
720 5,748.4 4,318.6 53.780 1520 14,824.9 11,806.4 62.138
740 5,946.8 4,477.3 54.051 1540 15,074.7 12 ,016 .5 62.302
760 6,147.0 4,637 .9 54.319 1560 15,325.3 12,227.3 62.464
780 6,349.1 4,800.1 54.582 1580 15,576.7 12,439.0 62.624
800 6,552 .9 4,964.2 54.839 1600 15,829.0 12,651.6 62 .783
820 6,758.3 5,129.9 55.093 1620 16,081.9 12,864.8 62.939
840 6,965.7 5,297.6 55.343 1640 16,335.7 13,078.9 63.095
860 7,174.7 5,466.9 55.589 1660 16,590.2 13,293.7 63.250
880 7,385.3 5,637.7 55.831 1680 16,845.5 13,509.2 63.403
900 7,597.6 5,810.3 56.070 1700 17,101.4 13,725.4 63 .555
920 7,811.4 5,984.4 56.305 1720 17,358.1 13,942.4 63.704
940 8,026.8 6,160.1 56.536 1740 17,615.5 14,160. 1 63.853
960 8,243.8 6,337.4 56.765 1760 17,873.5 14,378.4 64.001
980 8,462.2 6,516.1 56.990 1780 18,132.2 14,597.4 64.147
1000 8,682.1 6,696.2 57.212 1800 18,391.5 14,816.9 64 .292
1020 8,903 .4 6,877.8 57.432 1820 18,65 1. 5 15,037.2 64.435
1040 9,126.2 7,060 .9 57.647 1840 18,912.2 15,258.2 64.578
1060 9,350.3 7,245.3 57.861 1860 19,173.4 15,479.7 64.719
 Appendix 2 991

TABLE A-20E
Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, C0 2 (Concluded)
T h iJ :so T h iJ :so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R R Btu/ lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R
1900 19,698 15,925 64.999 3500 41,965 35,015 73.462
1940 20,224 16,372 65.272 3540 42,543 35,513 73 .627
1980 20,753 16,82 1 65.543 3580 43,121 36,012 73.789
2020 21,284 17 ,273 65.809 3620 43 ,70 1 36,512 73.951
2060 21,818 17,727 66.069 3660 44,280 37,012 74.110
2100 22,353 18,182 66.327 3700 44,861 37,513 74.267
2140 22,890 18,640 66.581 37 40 45,442 38,014 74.423
2180 23,429 19,101 66.830 3780 46 ,023 38,517 74.578
2220 23,970 19, 561 67.076 3820 46,605 39,019 74.732
2260 24,512 20,024 67.319 3860 47,188 39,522 74.884
23 00 25,056 20,489 67.557 3900 47,771 40,026 75.033
2340 25,602 20,955 67 .792 3940 48,355 40,531 75.182
2380 26,150 21,423 68.025 3980 48,939 41,035 75 .330
2420 26,699 21,893 68.253 4020 49,524 41 ,54 1 75.477
2460 27,249 22,364 68.479 4060 50,109 42 ,047 75.622
2500 27,801 22,837 68.702 4100 50,695 42 ,553 75.765
2540 28,355 23,310 68.921 4140 51,282 43 ,060 75.907
2580 28,910 23,786 69.138 4180 51,868 43,568 76.048
2620 29,465 24,262 69.352 4220 52,456 44,075 76.188
2660 30,023 24,740 69 .563 4260 53,044 44,584 76.327
2700 30,581 25,220 69.771 4300 53,632 45 ,093 76.464
2740 31,141 25,701 69 .977 4340 54,221 45 ,602 76.601
2780 31,702 26,181 70.181 4380 54,810 46,11 2 76.736
2820 32,264 26,664 70 .382 4420 55,400 46,622 76 .870
2860 32,827 27, 148 70.580 4460 55,990 47,133 77.003
2900 33,392 27,633 70.77 6 4500 56,581 47,645 77.135
2940 33,957 28,118 70 .970 4540 57,172 48,156 77.266
2980 34,523 28,605 71 .160 4580 57,764 48 ,668 77.395
3020 35,090 29,093 71.350 4620 58,356 49,181 77.581
3060 35,659 29,582 71.537 4660 58,948 49,694 77 .652
3100 36,228 30,072 71.722 4700 59,541 50,208 77.779
3140 36,798 30,562 71 .904 4740 60, 134 50,721 77.905
3180 37,369 31 ,054 72.085 4780 60,72 8 51,236 78.029
3220 37,941 31,546 72.264 4820 61,322 51,750 78.153
3260 38,513 32,039 72.441 4860 61,916 52,265 78.276
3300 39,087 32,533 72.616 4900 62,511 52,781 78.398
3340 39,661 33,028 72.788 5000 64,000 54,071 78.698
3380 40,236 33,524 72.960 5100 65,491 55,363 78.994
3420 40,812 34,020 73 .129 5200 66,984 56,658 79.284
3460 41,388 34,517 73 .297 5300 68,471 57,954 79 .569
992 Thermodynamics;

TABLE A- 21 E
Ideal -gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO
T h u :so T h u :so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol · R R Btu / lbmol Eltu/lbmol Btu/l bmol· R
300 2,081.9 1,486.1 43.223 1080 7,571.1 5,426.4 5 2.203
320 2,220.9 1,585.4 43 .672 1100 7,716.8 5,532.3 52.337
340 2,359.9 1,684 .7 44.093 1120 7,862 .9 5,638.7 52.468
360 2,498 .8 1,783.9 44.490 1140 8,009 .2 5,745.4 52 598
380 2,637.9 1,883 .3 44.866 1160 8,156 .1 5,851.5 52 726
400 2,776.9 1,982.6 45 .223 1180 8,303.3 5,960.0 52 852
420 2,916 .0 2,081.9 45.563 1200 8,450 .8 6,067.8 52.976
440 3,055.0 2,181.2 45.886 1220 8,598.8 6,176.0 53.098
460 3,194.0 2,280.5 46. 194 1240 8,747.2 6,284.7 53.218
480 3,333.0 2,379.8 46.491 1260 8,896 .0 6,393.8 53.337
500 3,472.1 2,479.2 46.775 1280 9,045.0 6,503.1 53.455
520 3,611.2 2,578.6 47.048 1300 9,194.6 6,613.0 53.571
537 3,725.1 2,663.1 47.272 1320 9,344.6 6, 723.2 53 .685
540 3,750.3 2,677.9 47.310 1340 9,494.8 6,833.7 53.799
560 3,889 .5 2,777.4 47.563 1360 9,645.5 6,944.7 53.910
580 4,028.7 2, 876.9 47.807 1380 9,796.6 7,056.1 54 02 1
600 4,168.0 2,976.5 48.044 1400 9,948.1 7,167.9 54.129
620 4,307.4 3,()76.2 48.272 1420 10,100.0 7,280.1 54 .237
640 4,446.9 3,175.9 48.494 1440 10,252 .2 7,392.6 54.344
660 4,586 .6 3,275.8 48.709 1460 10,404.8 7,505.4 54.448
680 4,726.2 3,375.8 48.917 1480 10,557 .8 7,618.7 54 .522
700 4,886 .0 3,475.9 49.120 1500 10,711.1 7,732.3 54 .665
720 5,006.1 3,576.3 49.317 1520 10,864.9 7,846.4 54 .757
740 5,146.4 3,676.9 49 .509 1540 11,019.0 7,960.8 54 .858
760 5,286.8 3, 777.5 49 .697 1560 11,173.4 8,075.4 54 958
780 5,427.4 3,878.4 49.880 1580 11 ,328.2 8,190.5 55 .056
800 5,568.2 3 ,979 .5 50.058 1600 11,483.4 8,306.0 55.154
820 5,709.4 4,081.0 50.232 1620 11 ,638.9 8,421.8 55.25 1
840 5,850.7 4,182.6 50.402 1640 11,794.7 8,537 .9 55 .347
860 5,992.3 4,284 .5 50.569 1660 11 ,950 .9 8,654.4 55.4 11
880 6,134.2 4,386 .6 50.732 1680 12 ,1 07 .5 8,77 1. 2 55 .535
900 6 ,276.4 4,489.1 50.892 1700 12 ,264.3 8,888.3 55 628
920 6,419.0 4,592 .0 51.048 1720 12,421.4 9,005.7 55 .720
940 6,561.7 4,695 .0 51.202 1740 12,579 .0 9,123.6 55 .8 11
960 6,704.9 4,798.5 51.353 1760 12,736 .7 9,241.6 55.900
980 6 ,848.4 4,902 .3 51.501 1780 12,894.9 9,360.0 55 .990
1000 6 ,992 .2 5,006.3 51.646 1800 13,053.2 9,478.6 56 .078
1020 7 ,136.4 5,110 .8 51.788 1820 13,2 12.0 9,597.7 56 .166
1040 7,281.0 5,215 .7 51.929 1840 13,371 .0 9,717 .0 56.253
1060 7,425 .9 5,320.9 52.067 1860 13,530.2 9,836.5 56.339
 Appendix 2 993

TABLE A-21E
Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO (Concluded)
T h u so T h u so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R

1900 13,850 10,077 56.509 3500 27,262 20,311 61.612

1940 14,170 10,318 56.677 3540 27,608 20,576 61.710
1980 14,492 10,560 56.841 3580 27,954 20,844 61.807
2020 14,815 10,803 57.007 3620 28,300 21,111 61.903
2060 15,139 11,048 57.161 3660 28,647 21,378 61.998

2100 15,463 11,293 57.317 3700 28,994 21,646 62.093

2140 15,789 11,539 57.470 3740 29,341 21,914 62.186
2180 16,116 11,787 57.621 3780 29,688 22,182 62.279
2220 16,443 12,035 57.770 3820 30,036 22,450 62.370
2260 16,722 12,284 57.917 3860 30,384 22,719 62.461

2300 17,101 12,534 58.062 3900 30,733 22,988 62.511

2340 17,431 12,784 58.204 3940 31,082 23,257 62.640
2380 17,762 13,035 58.344 3980 31,431 23,527 62.728
2420 18,093 13,287 58.482 4020 31,780 23,797 62.816
2460 18,426 13,541 58.619 4060 32,129 24,067 62.902

2500 18,759 13,794 58.754 4100 32,479 24,337 62.988

2540 19,093 14,048 58.885 4140 32,829 24,608 63.072
2580 19,427 14,303 59.016 4180 33,179 24,878 63.156
2620 19,762 14,559 59.145 4220 33,530 25,149 63.240
2660 20,098 14,815 59.272 4260 33,880 25,421 63.323
2700 20,434 15,072 59.398 4300 34,231 25,692 63.405
2740 20,771 15,330 59.521 4340 34,582 25,934 63.486
2780 21,108 15,588 59.644 4380 34,934 26,235 63.567
2820 21,446 15,846 59.765 4420 35,285 26,508 63 .647
2860 21,785 16,105 59.884 4460 35,637 26,780 63.726

2900 22,124 16,365 60.002 4500 35,989 27,052 63.805

2940 22,463 16,225 60.118 4540 36,341 27,325 63.883
2980 22,803 16,885 60.232 4580 36,693 27,598 63.960
3020 23,144 17,146 60.346 4620 37,046 27,871 64.036
3060 23,485 17,408 60.458 4660 37,398 28,144 64.113

3100 23,826 17,670 60.569 4700 37,751 28,417 64.188

3140 24,168 17,932 60.679 4740 38,104 28,691 64.263
3180 24,510 18,195 60.787 4780 38,457 28,965 64.337
3220 24,853 18,458 60.894 4820 38,811 29,239 64.411
3260 25,196 18,722 61.000 4860 39,164 29,513 64.484

3300 25,539 18,986 61.105 4900 39,518 29,787 64.556

3340 25,883 19,250 61.209 5000 40,403 30,473 64.735
3380 26,227 19,515 61.311 5100 41,289 31,161 64.9 10
3420 26,572 19,780 61.412 5200 42,176 31,849 65.082
3460 26,917 20,045 61.513 5300 43,063 32,538 65.252
994 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-22E
Idea l-gas properties of hydrogen, H2
T h u :so T Fi u :so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R R Btu/lbmol Btu/l bmol Btullbmol · R
300 2,063 .5 1,467.7 27.337 1400 9,673.8 6,893.6 37.883
320 2,189.4 1,553.9 27.742 1500 10,381.5 7,402.7 38.372
340 2,317.2 1,642 .0 28.1 30 1600 11,092.5 7,915. 1 38 .830
360 2,446.8 1,731.9 28.501 1700 11 ,807.4 8,43 1.4 39.264
380 2,577.8 1,823.2 28.856 1800 12,526.8 8,952 .2 39.675
400 2,710.2 1,915.8 29 .195 1900 13,250.9 9,477 .8 40.067
420 2,843 .7 2,009.6 29.520 2000 13,980.1 10,008.4 40.441
440 2,978.1 2,104 .3 29.833 2 100 14,714.5 10,544.2 40.799
460 3,113 .5 2,200.0 30.133 2200 15,454.4 11 ,085.5 41.143
480 3,249.4 2,296.2 20.424 2300 16,199.8 11 ,632.3 41.475
500 3,386.1 2,393.2 30.703 24-00 16,950.6 12, 184.5 41.794
520 3,523.2 2,490.6 30.972 2500 17,707.3 12,7 42.6 42.104
537 3,640.3 2,573.9 31.194 2500 18,469.7 13 ,306 .4 42.403
540 3,660.9 2,588 .5 31.232 2700 19,237.8 13,876.0 42.692
560 3,798.8 2,686.7 31.482 2800 20,0 11.8 14,451.4 42.973
580 3,937.1 2, 785 .3 31.724 2900 20,79 1.5 15,032.5 43 .247
600 4,075.6 2,884.1 31.959 3000 2 1,576 .9 15,619.3 43 .514
620 4,214.3 2, 983.1 32 .1 87 3100 22,367.7 16,211.5 43.773
640 4,353.1 3,082.1 32.407 3200 23,164.1 16,809.3 44.026
660 4,492.1 3, 181.4 32.62 1 3.300 23,965.5 17,412.1 44.273
680 4,631.1 3,280.7 32.829 3400 24,771.9 18,019.9 44.513
700 4,770.2 3,380.1 33.031 3 500 25,582.9 18,632.4 44.748
720 4,909.5 3,479 .6 33.226 3600 26,398 .5 19,249.4 44.978
740 5,048.8 3,579.2 33.4 17 3700 27,2 18.5 19,870.8 45.203
760 5,188.1 3,678.8 33.603 3.300 28,042.8 20,496.5 45.423
780 5,327.6 3,778.6 33.784 3'100 28,871.1 21,126.2 45.638
800 5,467.1 3,878.4 33.961 4000 29,703.5 21,760.0 45.849
820 5,606.7 3,978.3 34.134 4100 30,539.8 22,397 .7 46.056
840 5,746.3 4,078.2 34.302 4200 31 ,379.8 23,039.2 46 .257
860 5,885.9 4,178.0 34.466 4300 32,223.5 23,684.3 46.456
880 6,025.6 4,278.0 34.627 4400 33,070.9 24,333.1 46.651
900 6,165.3 4,378.0 34.784 4500 33,921.6 24,985 .2 46.842
920 6,305.1 4,478.1 34.938 4600 34,775.7 25,640 .7 47.030
940 6,444.9 4,578.1 35.087 4700 35,633 .0 26,299.4 47.215
960 6,584.7 4,678.3 35 .235 4800 36,493.4 26,961.2 47.396
980 6,724.6 4,778.4 35.379 4900 35,356.9 27,626.1 47.574
1000 6,864.5 4,878.6 35.520 5000 38,223.3 28,294 .0 47.749
1100 7,564.6 5,380.1 36.188 5100 39,092.8 28,964.9 47.921
1200 8,265.8 5,882.8 36.798 5200 39,965.1 29,638.6 48 .090
1300 8,968.7 6,387. 1 37.360 5300 40,840.2 30,315.1 48 .257
 Appendix 2 995

TABLE A-23E
Idea l-gas properties of water vapor, H2 0

T Fi u :so T Fi u :so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmo l · R R Btu/lbmo l Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmo l · R

300 2,367.6 1.771.8 40.439 1080 8,768.2 6,623.5 50.854

320 2,526.8 1,891.3 40.952 1100 8,942.0 6.757.5 51.013
340 2,686.0 2,010.8 41.435 1120 9,116.4 6,892.2 51.171
360 2,845.1 2,130.2 41.889 1140 9,291.4 7,027.5 51.325
380 3,004.4 2,249.8 42 .320 1160 9.467.1 7,163.5 51.478

400 3,163.8 2,369.4 42 .728 1180 9,643.4 7,300.1 51.360

420 3,323.2 2.489.1 43.117 1200 9,820.4 7.437.4 51.777
440 3,482.7 2,608.9 43.487 1220 9,998.0 7,575.2 51.925
460 3,642.3 2,728.8 43.841 1240 10,176.1 7,713.6 52.070
480 3,802.0 2,848.8 44.182 1260 10,354.9 7,852.7 52.212

500 3,962.0 2,969.1 44.508 1280 10,534.4 7,992.5 52.354

520 4,122.0 3 ,089.4 44.821 1300 10,714.5 8,132.9 52.494
537 4,258.0 3 ,191.9 45.079 1320 10,895.3 8,274.0 52.631
540 4,282.4 3 ,210.0 45.124 1340 11,076.6 8.415.5 52.768
560 4.442.8 3 ,330.7 45.415 1360 11,258.7 8,557.9 52 .903

580 4,603. 7 3.451.9 45.696 1380 11.441.4 8.700.9 53.037

600 4.764. 7 3,573.2 45.970 1400 11,624.8 8,844.6 53 .168
620 4,926.1 3,694.9 46.235 1420 11,808.8 8,988.9 53.299
640 5,087.8 3,816.8 46 .492 1440 11,993.4 9,133.8 53.428
660 5,250.0 3,939.3 46 .74 1 1460 12, 178.8 9,279.4 53.556

680 5.412.5 4,062 .1 46.984 1480 12,364.8 9.425.7 53.682

700 5,575.4 4,185.3 47.219 1500 12,551.4 9,572.7 53.808
720 5,738.8 4,309.0 47.450 1520 12.738.8 9,720.3 53.932
740 5,902.6 4.433.1 47 .673 1540 12,926.8 9,868.6 54.055
760 6,066.9 4,557.6 47.893 1560 13.115.6 10,017.6 54.117

780 6,231.7 4,682.7 48.106 1580 13,305.0 10,167.3 54.298

800 6,396.9 4,808.2 48.3 16 1600 13.494.4 10,317.6 54.418
820 6,562.6 4,934.2 48.520 1620 13,685 .7 10.468.6 54.535
840 6.728.9 5,060.8 48.72 1 1640 13,877 .0 10,620.2 54.653
860 6,895.6 5,187.8 48.916 1660 14,069.2 10,772.7 54.770

880 7,062 .9 5,315.3 49. 109 1680 14,261.9 10,925.6 54.886

900 7,230 .9 5.443.6 49.298 1700 14.455.4 11,079.4 54.999
920 7,399.4 5,572.4 49.483 1720 14,649.5 11,233.8 55.113
940 7,568.4 5.701.7 49.665 1740 14,844.3 11,388.9 55.226
960 7.738.0 5,831.6 49.843 1760 15,039.8 11,544.7 55.339

980 7,908.2 5,962.0 50.019 1780 15,236.1 11.701.2 55.449

1000 8,078.2 6,093 .0 50.191 1800 15.433.0 11 ,858.4 55.559
1020 8,250.4 6,224.8 50.360 1820 15,630.6 12,01 .3 55 .668
1040 8.422.4 6,357.1 50.528 1840 15,828.7 12,1/4.7 55.777
1060 8,595.0 6.490.0 50.693 1860 16,027.6 12,333 .9 55.884
996 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-23E
Idea l-gas properties of water vapor, H2 0 (Concluded)
T h u so T h u so
R Btu/lbmol Bt u/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R R Btu/lbmo l Bt u/ lbmol Btu/lbmol · R
1900 16,428 12,654 56.097 3500 34,324 27,373 62.876
1940 16,830 12,977 56.307 3540 34,809 27,779 63 .015
1980 17,235 13,303 56.514 3580 35,296 28, 187 63. 153
2020 17,643 13,632 56 .719 3620 35,785 28,596 63 .288
2060 18,054 13,963 56 .920 3660 36,274 29,006 63.423
2100 18,467 14,297 57.119 3700 36,765 29,4 18 63 .557
2140 18,883 14,633 57.315 3740 37,258 29 ,831 63.690
2180 19,301 14,972 57.509 3780 37,752 30,245 63.82 1
2220 19,722 15,313 57.701 3820 38,247 30,661 63.952
2260 20,145 15,657 57 .889 3860 38,743 31,077 64. 082
2300 20,571 16,003 58 .077 3900 39 ,240 31,495 64.2 10
2340 20,999 16,352 58.261 3940 39,739 31,915 64.338
2380 21,429 16,703 58.445 3980 40,239 32,335 64.465
2420 21,862 17 ,057 58.625 4020 40,740 32,757 64 .59 1
2460 22,298 17,413 58 .803 4060 41 ,242 33,179 64.715
2500 22,735 17 ,771 58.980 4100 41,745 33,603 64. 839
2540 23,175 18,13 1 59 .155 4140 42,250 34,028 64.962
2580 23 ,6 18 18,494 59 .328 4180 42,755 34,454 65 .084
2620 24,06 2 18,859 59 .500 4220 43 ,267 34,881 65.204
2660 24,508 19,22 6 59 .669 4260 43 ,769 35 ,310 65.325
2700 24,957 19,595 59 .837 4300 44,278 35,739 65.444
2740 25,408 19,967 60 .003 4340 44 ,788 36,169 65 .563
2780 25,861 20,340 60 .167 4380 45 ,298 36,600 65.680
2820 26 ,316 20,71 5 60 .330 4420 45,810 37 ,032 65.797
2860 26,773 21,093 60 .490 4460 46,322 37,465 65.913
2900 27 ,231 21,472 60 .650 4500 46,836 37 ,900 66 .028
2940 27 ,692 21,853 60.809 4540 47,350 38,334 66.142
2980 28,154 22,237 60.965 4580 47 ,866 38,770 66 .255
3020 28,619 22, 621 61.120 4620 48,382 39,207 66 .368
3060 29,085 23,085 61.274 4660 48,899 39,645 66.480
3100 29 ,553 23,397 61.426 4700 49,417 40,083 66.59 1
3140 30,023 23,787 61.577 4740 49,936 40,523 66.701
3180 30,494 24,179 61.727 4780 50,455 40,963 66 .81 1
3220 30 ,967 24,572 61.874 4820 50,976 4 1,404 66.920
3260 3 1,442 24,968 62.022 4860 51,497 41,856 67.028
3300 31,918 25,365 62.167 4900 52,0 19 42,288 67.135
3340 32 ,396 25,763 62 .312 5000 53,327 43,398 67 .401
3380 32 ,876 26,164 62.454 5100 54,640 44,5 12 67.662
3420 33,357 26,565 62.597 5200 55,957 45,63 1 67.9 18
3460 33,839 26,968 62.738 5300 57 ,279 46,754 68. 172
 Appendix 2 997

TABLE A-26E
Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolute entropy at
7JOF, 1 atm
h of g~ so
Substance Formula Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol· R

Carbon C(s) 0 0 1.36

Hydrogen H2(g) 0 0 31.21
Nitrogen N2(g) 0 0 45 .77
Oxygen 0 2(g) 0 0 49.00
Carbon monoxide CO(g) - 47,540 - 59,010 47.21
Carbon dioxide C0 2 (g) - 169,300 - 169,680 51.07
Water vapor H2 0(g) - 104,040 - 98,350 45.11
Water H20(eJ - 122,970 - 102,040 16.71
Hydrogen peroxide H20 2(g) - 58,640 - 45,430 55.60
Ammonia NH 3(g) - 19,750 - 7,140 45.97
Methane CH 4 (g) - 32,210 - 21,860 44.49
Acetylene CzH2(g) + 97,540 + 87 ,990 48.00
Ethylene CzH4(g) +22, 490 + 29,306 52.54
Ethane CzH6(g) - 36,420 - 14,150 54.85
Propylene C3H6(g) + 8,790 + 26 ,980 63.80
Propane C3Ha(g) - 44,680 - 10,105 64.51
n-Butane C4HlO(g) -54,270 - 6,760 74.11
n-Octane CaH!a(g) - 89,680 + 7,110 111.55
n-Octane C8 H18 (C) -107,530 +2,840 86.23
n-Dodecane c l2H26(gl - 125,190 +2 1,570 148.86
Benzene C6H6(g) +35,680 + 55,780 64.34
Methyl alcohol CH 3 0H(g) - 86,540 - 69,700 57.29
Methyl alcohol CH 3 0H(C) - 102,670 - 71,570 30.30
Ethyl alcohol C2H50H(g) - 101,230 -72,520 67.54
Ethyl alcoho l C2 H50H(C) - 119,470 - 75,240 38.40
Oxygen O(g) + 107,210 + 99,710 38.47
Hydrogen H(g) + 93,780 +87,460 27.39
Nitrogen N(g) +203,340 + 195,970 36.61
Hydroxy l OH(g) + 16,790 + 14,750 43.92

Source: From JANAF, Thermochemical Tables (Midland , Ml: Dow Chem ica l Co., 1971 ), Selected
Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technica l Note 270-3, 1968; and API
Research Project 44 (Carnegie Press, 1953).
998 Thermodynamics

TABLE A-27E
Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons
Specific Higher Lower
Molar Enthalpy of heat, 1 cP heating heating
mass, Density,! vaporization, 2 Btu/ value, 3 value,3
Fuel (phase) Formula lbm/lbmol lbm/ft3 Btu/Ibm Ibm· oF Btu/Ibm Btu/ Ibm
Carbon (s) c 12.011 125 0.169 14,100 14,100
Hydrogen (g) Hz 2.016 3.44 60,970 51,600
Carbon monoxide (g) co 28.013 0.251 4,340 4,340
Methane (g) CH 4 16.043 219 0.525 23,880 21,520
Methanol (€) CH 40 32 .042 49.3 502 0.604 9,740 8,570
Acetylene (g) CzHz 26.038 0.404 2 1,490 20,760
Ethane (g) CzH6 30.070 74 0.418 22,320 20,430
Ethanol (€) C2H60 46.069 49.3 395 0.583 12,760 11,530
Propane (e) C3Hs 44.097 31.2 144 0.662 21,640 19,930
Butane (€) C4H10 58.123 36.1 156 0.578 21,130 19,510
1-Pentene (f) CsHlO 70.134 40.0 156 0.525 20,540 19,190
lsopentane (f) CsHtz 72.150 39.1 0.554 20,890 19,310
Benzene (f) C6H6 78.114 54 .7 186 0.411 17,970 17,240
Hexene (f ) C5H12 84.161 42.0 169 0.439 20,430 19,090
Hexane (f ) C5H 14 86.177 41.2 157 0.542 20,770 19,240
Toluene (E) C7Hs 92.141 54.1 177 0.408 18,230 17,420
Heptane (C) C7H 16 100.204 42.7 157 0.535 20,680 19,180
Octane ( e) CsHts 114.231 43.9 156 0.533 20,590 19,100
Decane ( e) C10H22 142.285 45.6 155 0.528 20,490 19,020
Gasoline (e) CnH 1.87n 100- 110 45-49 151 0.57 20,300 18,900
Light diesel (e) CnH 1.8n 170 49- 52 116 0.53 19,800 18,600
Heavy diesel (e) C nH 1.7n 200 51-55 99 0.45 19,600 18,400
Natural gas (g) CnH3.8nNo.t" 18 0.48 21,500 19,400

1At 1 atm and 68' F.

2At 77' F for liquid fuels, and 1 atm and normal boil ing temperature for gaseous fuels.
3 At n •F. Multiply by molar mass to obtain heating values in Btu/lbmol.
 ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1 @n~
No nnaJ Te mperature ~.~.
Baro metric Pressure: 29.92 1 inc he> o f merc ury e
55 60
© 1992 American Soci ety of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, lnc.

Sea Level 60

55
§
I
;v_<..
1$'_.,.
\\··> o'-
Sensible heat = QQs .,~>
Total heat r ,f"'
"""' ,,
<:l' «:>'"<f 35
50

/sq,
/ 0

,.,'l..,.
~'>

'~ ~""
Enthalpy . = t-.h
<lw
H umidi ty rauo
45

40

35

30

10 15 20 25

Dry bulb temperaru re. °F

Prepared by Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies. Universit} of Idaho.

FIGURE A-31 E
Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure.
Fro m the Ame rica n Society of Heatin g, RefrigeraTing and Air-Co nditio ning Eng in eers . Atla nta, GA: used w ith permission.