Heat Transfer

across the wall of 50 ℃. The thermal conductivity of the firebrick is 0.
65 BTU/hr-ft-℉ at the
Calculate the energy transfer rate across 6 in. wall of firebrick with a temperature difference
temperature of interest.
W
Ans. 369 2
m
The heat loss per hour through 1 sq. ft of furnace wall 18” thick is 520 Btu. The inside wall
temperature is 1900 °F, and its average thermal conductivity is 0.61 Btu/hr – ft – °F.
Determine the outside wall temperature.
Ans. 621.31 ℉
A vertical furnace wall is made up of an inner wall of firebrick 20 cm thick, followed by
of the wall adjacent to the combustion chamber is 1200 ℃ while that of the outer surface of
insulating brick 15 cm thick and an outer wall of steel 1 cm thick. The surface temperature
steel is 50℃. The thermal conductivities of the wall material in W/m-K are firebrick, 10;
insulating brick, 0.26; and steel, 45. Neglecting the film resistances and contact resistance
of joints, determine the heat loss per sq. m of wall area.
Ans. 1.93 kW /m2
A composite wall is made up of an external thickness of brickwork 110 mm thick inside

which is a layer of fiberglass 75 mm thick. The fiberglass is faced internally by an insulating
board 25 mm thick. The coefficient of thermal conductivity for the three are as follows:
Brickwork 1.5 W/m-K
Fiberglass 0.04 W/m-K
Insulating board 0.06 W/m-K
wall is 2.5 W/m2-K. Take the internal ambient temperature as 10 ℃ and the external
The surface transfer coefficients of the inside wall is 3.1 W/m2-K while that of the outside
temperature is 27 ℃. Determine the heat loss through such wall 6 m high and 10 m long.
Ans. 330.36 W
The force convection coefficient for a hot fluid flowing over a cool surface is 120 W/m 2 K. The
fluid temperature upstream from the cool surface is 394 K and the surface is held at 283 K.
Determine the heat transfer per unit surface area from the fluid to the surface.
Ans. 13,320 W/m2
A heat exchanger is to be designed for the following specifications:
Hot gas temperature 1145 °C
Cold gas temperature 45 °C
Unit surface conductance on the hot side 230 W/m2 – K
Unit surface conductance on the cold side 290 W/m2 – K
Thermal Conductivity of the metal wall 115 W/m – K

Find the maximum thickness of the metal wall between the hot gas and cold gas so that the
maximum temperature of the wall does not exceed 545 °C.
Ans. 20.115 mm
Calculate the thermal diffusivity of pure aluminum with density of 2702 kg/m 3, thermal
conductivity of 237 W/m – K and specific heat of 0.903 kJ/kg – K.
Ans. 97.1 x 10-6 m2/s
Solve the critical radius in cm for an asbestos cement covered pipe (K abs = 0.208 W/m – K).
The external heat transfer coefficient is 1.5 Btu/hr – ft2 °F.
Ans. 2.44 cm
An insulated steam pipe located where the ambient temperature is 32 °C has an inside
diameter of 50 mm with 10 mm thick wall. The outside diameter of the corrugated asbestos
insulation is 125 mm and the surface coefficient of still air, ho = 12 W/m2 – K. Inside the pipe
is steam having a temperature of 150 °C with film coefficient h i = 6000 W/m2 – K. Thermal
conductivity of the pipe and asbestos insulation are 45 and 0.12 W/m – K respectively.
Determine the heat loss per unit length of pipe.
Ans. 120 W
How many kW will be radiated from a spherical black body 15 cm in diameter at a

temperature of 800 °C?
Ans. 5.31 kW
A hollow sphere is heated by means of a heating coil having a resistance of 100 ohms placed
in the inside cavity. The average thermal conductivity of the sphere is 30 Btu/hr – ft – F.
Calculate the current necessary to maintain the temperature difference between the inside
and outside surface of 8F. The inside and outside diameters of the sphere are 20.32 cm and
22.86 cm respectively.
Ans. 5.15 A
The hot combustion gases of a furnace are separated from the ambient air and its
surrounding, which are at 25 °C by a brick wall 0.15 m thick. The brick has a thermal
conductivity of 1.2 W/m – K and a surface emissivity of 0.8. Under steady state conditions
and outer surface temperature of 100 °C is measured. Free convection heat transfer to the
air adjoining this surface is characterized by a convection coefficient of 20 W/m 2 – K. What is
the brick inner surface temperature in °C?
Ans. 352 ℃
A liquid-to-liquid counter flow heat exchanger is used to heat a cold fluid from 120 °F to 310
°F. Assuming that the hot fluid enters at 500 °F and leaves at 400 °F, calculate the log mean
temperature difference for the heat exchanger.
Ans. 232 °F
A turbo-generator, 16-cylinder, Vee type Diesel engine has an air consumption of 3000 kJ/hr
per cylinder at rated load and speed. This air is drawn in thru a filter by a centrifugal
compressor direct connected to the exhaust gas turbine. The temperature of the air from the
compressor is 145 °C and a counter flow air cooler reduces the air temperature to 45 °C
before it goes to the engine suction header. Cooling water enter air cooler at 30 °C and
leaves at 38 °C. Calculate the arithmetic mean temperature difference.
Ans. 61 °C

Heat Transfer

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across the wall of 50 ℃. The thermal conductivity of the firebrick is 0.

A vertical furnace wall is made up of an inner wall of firebrick 20 cm thick, followed by

Ans. 1.93 kW /m2

A composite wall is made up of an external thickness of brickwork 110 mm thick inside

Brickwork 1.5 W/m-K

Fiberglass 0.04 W/m-K

Insulating board 0.06 W/m-K

Ans. 13,320 W/m2

A heat exchanger is to be designed for the following specifications:

Hot gas temperature 1145 °C

Cold gas temperature 45 °C

Unit surface conductance on the hot side 230 W/m2 – K

Unit surface conductance on the cold side 290 W/m2 – K

Thermal Conductivity of the metal wall 115 W/m – K

Ans. 97.1 x 10-6 m2/s

How many kW will be radiated from a spherical black body 15 cm in diameter at a

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