HEAT TRANSFER:

1. The heat transfer across a 5” wall of firebrick is 500 W/m 2. If the

surface temperature on cold side is 30oC and thermal conductivity of brick is
0.7 Btu/hr-ft-oF, find the temperature on hot side.
A. 82.41oC B. 65.37oC C. 73.45oC D. 87.25oC
2. Two walls of a storage plant composed of insulating material (k = 0.25
KJ/hr-m-oC) with 15 cm thick and concrete (k = 3.2382 KJ/hr-m- oC) with 10 cm
thick. The surface temperature on hot side is 35 oC and cold side is -10oC.
If the area is 8 m square, find the temperature between walls. Note:
Insulating material is on cold side.
A. 28.34oC B. 34.12oC C. 32.79oC D. -7.78oC
3. Determine the thermal conductivity of a material that is used a 4 m 2 test
panel, 25 mm thick with a
temperature difference of 20oF between surfaces. During the 4 hrs of
test period, the heat transmitted is 500 KJ.
A. 0.0432 W/m-oC B. 0.0723 W/m-oC C. 0.0321 W/m-oC D. 0.0195 W/m-oC
4. Steam initially is saturated at 250oC passed through a 12 cm steel pipe
for a total distance of 200 m. The steam line is insulated with material
having k = 10 W/m2-K and thickness of 6 cm. The ambient temperature of 25 oC.
Determine the surface film conductance of air if the moisture at the discharge
end is 10% and steam rate is 0.13 kg/s.
A. 0.124 W/m2-oC B. 0.872 W/m2-oC C. 0.661 W/m2-oC D. 0.452 W/m2-oC
5. At an average temperature of 110 oC, hot air flows through a 5 m pipe with
outside diameter of 80 mm and pipe thickness is 1 cm. The temperature of the
tube along its entire length is 24oC. If heat transfer is 650 W, find the
convective film coefficient, W/m2-oC .
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
6. A tank contains liquid nitrogen at -190 oC is suspended in a vacuum shell
by three stainless steel rods 0.80 cm in diameter and 3 meters long with a
thermal conductivity of 16.3 W/m-oC. If the ambient air outside the vacuum
shell is 25oC, calculate the magnitude of the conductive heat flow in watts
along the support rods.
A. 0.143 B. 0.0587 C. 0.182 D. 0.176
7. A composite furnace is to be constructed. The inside wall temperature is
1300oC while the outside wall temperature is 40oC. Three types of bricks are
available with the following properties:
Brick Thermal Thickness Maximum allowable
Conductivity temperature
(W/moK) (meters) (oC)
A 1.5 0.12 2000
B 0.2 0.070 1000
C 0.7 0.10 500
The heat loss must not exceed 800W/m 2. Calculate the minimum wall
thickness in meters.
A. 0.76 B. 0.88 C. 0.82 D. 0.77
8. The surface of a furnace wall is at a temperature of 1350 oC. The outside
wall temperature is 42oC. The furnace wall is made of 25 cm of refractory
material having a thermal conductivity of 1.4 W/moK. The
outside wall is steel, 1 cm thick with thermal conductivity of 47 W/moK.
Calculate the thickness in meters of brick to be installed in between the
refractory material and steel if its thermal conductivity is 0.28 W/m oK and
the heat loss is not to exceed 750 W/m2.
A. 0.438 B. 0.402 C. 0.481 D. 0.513
9. A counterflow heat exchanger is designed to cool 0.65 kg/sec of oil with
specific heat Cp = 3.4 KJ/kgoK from 150oC to 70oC. Water for cooling, Cp = 4.18
KJ/kgoK is available at 20oC and flow rate of 0.6 kg/sec. Calculate the
length of a 3.5 cm inside diameter tubing in meters. The overall coefficient
of heat transfer is 90 W/m2 oK.
A. 337 B. 452 C. 296 D. 543
10. A cold soda initially at 2 oC gains 18 KJ of heat in a room at 20 oC during
a 15-minute period. What is the average rate of heat transfer during the
process?
A. 20 W B. 18 W C. 12 W D. 10 W
11. The air contained in a room loses heat to the surroundings at a rate of 50
KJ/min while work is supplied to the room by computer. TV, and lights at a
rate of 1.2 KW. What is the net amount of energy change in KJ of air in the
room during a 30-minute period?
A. 0.36 B. 70 C. 660 D. 1100
12. Saturated steam at 500oK flows in a 0.20 m inside diameter, 0.21 m
outside diameter pipe. The pipe is covered with 0.08 m of insulation with a
thermal conductivity of 0.10 W/m-K. The pipe’s conductivity is 52W/m-K. The
ambient temperature is 300oK. The unit convective coefficients are h 1 =
18,000 W/m2-K and ho = 12 W/m2-K. Determine the heat loss from 4 m of pipe.
A. 778.21 watts B. 825.80 watts C. 830.80 watts D.
835.80 watts
13. An insulated steam pipe located where the ambient temperature is 32C,
has an inside diameter of 50 mm with 10 mm thick wall. The outside diameter of
the corrugated asbestos insulation is 125 mm and the surface coefficient of
still air, ho = 12 W/m2-K. Inside the pipe is steam having a temperature of
150C with film coefficient hi = 6000 W/m2-K. Thermal conductivity of pipe and
asbestos insulation are 45 and 0.12W/m-K respectively. Determine the heat loss
per unit length of pipe.
A. 110 W B. 120 W C. 130 W D. 140 W
14. Sea water for cooling enters a condenser at 25 oC and leaves at 40oC. The
condenser temperature is 45oC, what is the log mean temperature difference?
A. 16.34oC B. 10.82 oC C. 23.34oC D. 12.34oC
15.The hot combustible gasses of a furnace are separated from the ambient air
and its surrounding, which are 28oC, by a brick wall 120 mm thick. The brick
has a thermal conductivity of 1.23 W/m-oK and a surface emissivity of 0.82.
At steady state conditions the outer surface temperature is 120oC. Air
surface film conductance is 15 W/m2-oK. What is the total heat transmitted for
20 square meter area.
A. 42.15 KW B. 23.45 KW C. 45.45 KW D. 52.45 KW
16. A counterflow heat exchanger is designed to heat fuel oil from 26 oC to
100oC while the heating fluid enters at 138 oC and leaves at 105oC. The fuel
oil is 27oAPI and has a specific heat of 2.3 KJ/kg-oK and enters the heat
exchanger at the rate of 1000 gallons per hour. Determine the heating surface
area if overall coefficient of heat transfer is 420 Kcal/hr-m2-oK.
A. 4.21 m2 B. 3.12 m2 C. 2.34 m2 D. 5.84 m2
17. A plate-type solar energy collector with an absorbing surface covered by
a glass plate is to receive an incident radiation of 800 W/m 2. The glass
plate has a reflectivity of 0.12 and a transmissivity of 0.80. The absorbing
surface has an absorptivity of 0.90. The area of the collector is 5 m 2. How
much solar energy in watts is absorbed by the collector?
A. 2500 B. 2880 C. 3510 D. 3168
18. What is the log mean temperature difference in oC of a double-pipe
counterflow heat exchanger where a fluid enters at 90 oC and exits at 50oC.
Inside the inner pipe another fluid enters at 20oC and exits at 60oC.
A. 0 B. 30 C. 75 D. 35
19. Heat is transferred from hot water to an oil in a double-pipe counterflow
heat exchanger. Water enters the outer pipe at 95 oC and exits at 40oC while
the oil enters the inner pipe at 25 oC and exits at 50oC. Calculate the log
mean temperature difference.
A. 38.05 B. 30.83 C. 27.31 D. 52.5
20. The filament of a 100-watt bulb maybe considered a black body radiating
into a black enclosure at 80oC. Considering only radiation, calculate the
filament temperature in oC if the filament diameter is 0.10 mm and the length
is 6 cm.
A. 2514 B. 2837 C. 3122 D. 2674
21. The surface temperature of the hot side of the furnace wall is 1000°C. it
is desired to maintain the outside of the wall at 28°C. A 150mm of refractory
silica is used adjacent to the combustion chamber and 5mm of steel covers the
outside. What thickness of insulating bricks is necessary between refractory
and steel, if the heat loss should be kept at 768 W/m² use (k=14.2 W/m-K) for
refractory silica, 0.20 for insulating brick, and 45 for steel.
Ans: 251mm
22. The wall of a furnace is made up to 22.86cm firebrick (k=0.15 J/s-m-K),
12.75cm of insulating brick (k=0.08) and 19.05cm of red brick (k=0.5). the
inner and outer surface temperature t1 and t4 of the wall are 815.56°C and
65.50°C respectively. Neglecting the resistance of mortar joints, compute the
rate of heat flows through 5.08cm² of the wall in kilo Watts.
Q = 0.1089W = 108.9kW ≈ 109kW
23. A vertical furnace wall is made up of an inner wall of firebrick 20cm
thick followed by insulating brick 15cm thick and an outer wall of steel 1cm
thick. The surface temperature of the wall adjacent to the combustion chamber
is1250°C while that of the outer surface of steel is 75°C .the insulating
conductivities of the wall material in W/m-K are: firebrick, 10; insulating
brick, 0.26; and steel, 45. Neglecting the film resistance and contact
resistances of joints, determine the heat loss per square meter of the wall
area in kJ/s-m².
Q kW kJ
=1.97 =1.97
A m² s−m ²
24. One side of refrigerated cold chamber is 6m long by 3.7m high and consists
of 168mm thickness of cork between outer and inner walls of wood. The outer
wood wall is 30mm thick and its outside face temperature is 20°C. the inner
wood wall is 35mm thick and its indside face temperature is -3°C. taking the
coefficient of thermal conductivity of cork and wood as 0.42 and 0.20 W/m-K
respectively. Calculate the heat transfer per second per square meter area.
Q J
=31.72
A s−m²
25. A cubical tank of 2m sides is constructed of metal plate 12mm and contains
water at 75°C. the surrounding air temperature is 16°C. Calculate the overall
heat transfer coefficient from water to air. Take the coefficient of thermal
conductivity of metal as 48 W/m-K, the coefficient of heat transfer of water
is 2.5 kW/m²-K and the coefficient of heat transfer of the air is 16 W/m²-K.
U = 15.84 W/m²-k
26. Hot gasses at 280°C flow one side of metal plate of 10mm thickness and air
at 35°C flows on the outer side. The heat transfer coefficient of the gasses
is 31.5 W/m²-K and that of the air is 32 W/m²-K. Calculate the overall
transfer coefficient. (k=48W/m-k).
U = 15.82 W/m²-K
27. A composite wall is made up of an external thickness of brick wall 11cm
thick inside which is a layer of fiber glass 75mm thick. The fiber glass is
faced internally by an insulating board 25mm thick. The coefficient of thermal
conductivity for the three are as follows:
Brick work 1.5 W/m-K
Fiberglass 0.04 W/m-K
 Insulating board 0.06 W/m-K
The surface transfer coefficient of the inside wall is 3.1 W/m²-k while that
of the outside wall is 2.5 W/m²-K. Take the internal ambient temperature as
10°C and the external temperature is 27°C. Determine the heat loss through
such wall 6m high and 10m long.
Q = 330.40 W
28. Two walls are composed of 100mm thick insulating material at the outer
layer (k=0.139W/m-K) and 30cm thick material at the inner layer (k=1.111W/m-
K). Calculate the heat transmitted per m² if the surface temperature of the
cold side and hot side are 20°C and 273°C respectively.
Q
=¿255.70 W
A
29. Two walls of cold storage plant are composed of an insulating material
(k=0.35 kJ/hr-m-°C), 200mm thick at the outer layer and material (k=2.5 kJ/hr-
m-°C), 20cm thick at the inner layer. If the surface temperature at cold side
is 40°C and hot side is 350°C, find the heat transmitted per square meter.
Q
=0.132 kW /m ²
A
30. Two walls of cold storage plant 6 meter by 2 meter are composed of an
insulating material (k=0.44 kJ/hr-m-°C), 200mm thick at the outer layer and
material (k=3.5 kJ/hr-m-°C), 15cm thick at the inner layer. If the surface
temperature at cold side is 24°C and hot side is 125°C, find the heat
transmitted in kilo calories per minute.
Q = 9.7 kcal/min
31. Air at 300°C flows over a plate of dimension 0.5 m by 0.25 m. If the
convection heat transfer coefficient is 250 W /m 2−K . Determine the heat
transfer rate from the air to one side of the plate if the plate is to be
maintained at 40°C.
Q = 8125 W
32. 1000 kg of fish was placed on chiller box storage. The product temperature
is 4°C. Determine the quantity of heat that the fish must release to bring
itself to its freezing temperature.
Note: Specific heat above freezing = 0.76 Kcal /kg−° C
Specific heat below freezing = 0.41 Kcal /kg−° C
Freezing temperature = -2.2°C
Q = 4712 Kcal
33. The convection heat transfer coefficient between a surface at 40°C and air
at 20°C is 20 W /m 2−K . Calculate the heat transfer per square meter leaving
the surface.
Ans: 400 W /m 2
34. A non-insulated steam pipe passes through a room at 30°C. It has an
outside diameter and a coefficient of convection of 75 mm and 15 W /m 2−K .
Determine the heat transmitted in W /m if the surface temperature is 150°C.
Ans: 424.12 W /m
35. -4°C ice weighing 300 g was placed on a glass that has a diameter of 6 cm.
Determine the depth of the melted ice. Assume ambient temperature of 27°C.
h = 10.61 cm
36. Determine the average C p value in KJ /kg−K of a gas if 522 KJ /kg of heat
are necessary to raise its temperature from 300 K to 800 K. Assume pressure is
constant.
C p = 1.044 KJ /kg−K
37. A certain mass of water with a temperature of 26°C was said to be the
combination of a 15 kg of 0°C ice and a saturated vapor. Determine the mass of
water in kilograms.
Ans: 17.59 kg
38. A fluid flows over a plane surface 1 m by 1 m with a bulk temperature of
50°C. The temperature of the surface is 20°C. The convective heat transfer
coefficient is 2000 W /m 2−° C . Determine the heat transfer rate from the
fluid to the surface.
Q = 60 KW
39. At an average temperature of 100°C, hot air flows through a 2.5 m long
tube with an inside diameter of 50 mm. The temperature of the tube is 20°C
along its entire length. Convective film coefficient is 20.1 W /m 2−K .
Determine the convective heat transfer from the air to the tube.
Q = 631.46 W
40. A kettle contains half liter of water at 30°C is heated in a stove. The
heat transfer rate is 5 KW. Determine the amount of water in ml left in the
kettle after 2 minutes.
Ans: 299.09 ml
41. An insulated steam pipe located where the ambient temperature is 32 ℃ has
an inside diameter of 50 mm with 10 mm thick wall. The outside diameter of the
corrugated asbestos insulation is 125 mm and the surface coefficient of still
W
air, ho = 12 . Inside the pipe is steam having a temperature of 150 ℃
m2 ℃
W
with film coefficient hi = 6000 2 . Thermal conductivity of pipe and
m ℃
W
asbestos insulation are 45 and 0.12 2 . Determine the heat loss per unit
m ℃
length of pipe.
Q W
=119.98
L m
42. A 25 cm diameter steel oil pipe line located in the desert of Saudi
Arabia is insulated with 9 cm insulator. The temperature between the pipe and
insulator is 36℃ and the outer part of the insulator is 78℃ . The pipe length
W
is 10 m and the outside film conductance is 0.5 . Find the heat absorbed
m2 ℃
W
per length if the inside film conductance is 9.8 2 .
m ℃
Q W
=157.02
L m
43. A pipe line used to transport oil from one area in Dubai to Kuwait
carrying a temperature of 30℃ of oil. The pipe nominal diameter is 40 cm and
W
the overall conductance is 72 . Find the heat absorbed per length if the
m2 ℃
surface temperature is 72℃ .
Q W
=3800.1
L m
44. Fluid is flowing through a 20 mm inside diameter and 25 mm outside
diameter brass tube at no leaking with temperature at 65℃ and length of 10
 W
m. Surface conduction of hot fluid is 5.2 and thermal conductivity of
m2 ℃
W
brass is 12.84 . Brass tube is covered by silica of 6 mm thickness with
m℃
W
thermal conductivity of 13.84 . Outside of it, is a fluid with 45℃ with
m℃
W
surface conductance of 3.2 2 . Find the heat transfer from the hot fluid
m ℃
with temperature of 65℃ to fluid with temperature of 45℃ ?
Q=34.744 Watts
45. A hot water flowing in a 50 mm inside diameter, 60 mm outside diameter
pipe have a temperature of 50℃ . The surface conductance of hot water is 6.0
W W
2 and the thermal conductivity of pipe is 8.5 . The outside fluid
m ℃ m℃
W
temperature is 30℃ with surface conductance of 2 2 . Find the heat loss
m ℃
per meter of length?
Q W
=5.381
L m
46. Find the temperature inside the 8 meter pipe with flowing hot liquid on
W
it. The surface conductance of hot fluid is 8 . The inside and outside
m2 ℃
diameter of pipe are 100 mm and 120 mm respectively with thermal conductivity
W W
of 12.5 . Outside fluid temperature has 25℃ with 7 surface
m℃ m2 ℃
conductance. The loss is 100 Watts.
t 2=34.73936361∨34.74 ℃
47. What is the length of a copper tube with the heat loss of 500 Watts. A hot
liquid which is 40℃ flows inside of it which have surface conductance of 5
W
and the inside diameter of the copper tube is 10 mm and thickness of 3
m2 ℃
W
mm with thermal conductivity of 25 . Outside fluid temperature is 20℃
m℃
W
with surface conductance of 3 2 .
m ℃
L=325.02 meter
48. Calculate the energy transfer rate across 6 in. wall of firebrick with a
temperature difference across the wall of 50°C. The thermal conductivity of
Btu
the firebrick is 0.65 at the temperature interest.
hr−ft−℉
W W W W
a.) 369.08 b.) 413.94 c.) 19.86 d.)267.09 2
m2 2 2
m m m
49. Calculate the heat transfer per hour though a solid brick wall 6m long,
2.9m high and 225mm thick, when the outer surface is at 5°C and the inner
surface 17°C, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the brick being 0.6
W
.
m−K
 kJ kJ kJ kJ
a.) 2104.48 b.) 2114.48 c.) 2004.48 d.) 2000.48
hr hr hr hr
50. Calculate the quantity of heat conducted per minute through a duralumin
circular disc 127mm diameter and 19mm thick when the temperature drop across
the thickness of the plate is 5°C take the coefficient of thermal conductivity
W
of duralumin as 150 .
m−K
kJ kJ kJ kJ
a.) 30 b.) 40 c.) 20 d.) 50
min min min min
51. A cold storage compartment is 4.5m long by 4m wide by 2.5m high. The four
walls, ceiling and floor are covered to a thickness of 150mm with insulating
W
material which has a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 5.8x10-2 .
m−K
Calculate the quantity of heat leasing through the insulating per hour when
the outside and inside face temperature of the materials is 15°C and -5°C
respectively.
kJ kJ kJ
a.) 2290.44 b.) 2185.44 c.) 3000 d.) 2000
hr hr hr
kJ
hr
52. A hollow sphere has an outside radius of 1m and is made of polystyrene
foam with a thickness of 1cm. A heat source inside keeps the inner surface
5.20°C hooter than the outside surface. How much power is produced by the heat
W
source? The thermal conductivity of polystyrene foam is 0.033 . A=4πR2
m−° C
a.) 230.64 Watts b.) 225.64 Watts c.) 205.64 Watts
d.) 213.48 Watts
53. A slab of material has an area of 2m 2 and 1mm thick. One side is
maintained at a temperature of 0°C while the other is at 12°C. It is
determined that 6820 Joule of heat flows through the materials in a time of
10min. What is the thermal conductivity of the material?
W W W
a.) 4.74x10-4 b.) 5.74x10-4 c.) 4.74x10-5 d.)
m−℃ m−℃ m−℃
W
4.74x10-3
m−℃
W
54. A pond is covered by a sheet of ice 2cm thick (K=1.68 ) the
m−℃
temperature of the lower surface of the ice is 0°C and that of the upper
surface is -10°C. at what rate is heat conducted through each square meter of
the ice?
a.) 840 W b.) 830 W c.) 940 W d.) 930 W
55. What is the heat transfer in the glass surface area of 0.70m 2 having an
inside temperature of 25°C and 13°C outside temperature the thickness of the
W
glass surface as 0.007m. The thermal conductivity is 1.8 .
m−° K
a.) 3.16 kW b.) 4.16 kW c.) 2.16 kW d.) 1.16kW
56. A 30cm thick wall has an inside and outside surface temperature of 50°C
W
and 300°C respectively. If the thermal conductivity of the wall is 8
m−° K
kW
calculate the heat transferred in .
m2
kW kW kW kW
a.) 8.67 b.) 7.67 c.) 5.67 d.) 6.67
m2 m2 m2 m2
57. Find the thermal conductivity of the 500mm thick material with an area of
10000cm2 and a temperature difference of 10°K if the heat transmitted during
2hrs. test is 2000kJ.
W W W
a.) 13.89 b.) 14.89 c.)15.89 d.) 16.89
m−° K m−° K m−° K
W
m−° K
J
58. The oil (cp=1759 ¿ from an oil cooled electric transformer is cooled
kg . ℃
from 79.5℃ to 29.4℃ at the rate of 1360.5kg per hour. This is done in a
oil-water heat exchanger that receives 2948kg/hr of water at 15.6℃ . For the
heat exchanger U=295w/m 2 ℃ . Find the exit temperature of water.
Ans: 25.294 ℃
59. A water cooler uses 22.68kg/hr of melting ice with cool running water from
26.67℃ to 5.56℃ . based on the inside coil area, Ui=624.636w/m 2 ℃ , Find the
inside area coil for (Parallel Flow)
A=0.25m 2
60. A Liquid-to-Liquid counter flow heat exchanger is used as part of an
auxiliary system at a the facility. The Heat exchanger is used to heat a cold
fluid from 48.89℃ ¿154.44 ℃ . Assuming that the hot fluid enters 260℃ and
leaves at 204.44℃ . Calculate the LMTD
Ans: 129 ℃
61. Hot water at 80℃ to heats air from a temperature of 0 ℃ ¿ 20℃ in a
parallel flow heat exchanger. The water leaves the heat exchanger at 60℃ .
Calculate AMTD
Ans. 60℃
62. Sea water for cooling enters a condenser at 32℃ and leaves 42℃ . The
Condenser temperature 65℃ , Calculate LMTD. Ans. 28℃
63. A parallel Flow heat exchanger designed to heat fuel oil from 90 ℃ to 130
℃ , while the heating fluid enters at 160℃ and leaves 140℃ . Calculate AMTD.
ANS . 20 ℃
64.A turbo-generator 16 cylinder , Vee type diesel engine has an air
consumption 3000kg/hr per cylinder at rated load and speed. This air is drawn
in thru a filter by a centrifugal compressor direct connected to the exhaust
gas turbine. The temperature of air from compressor 145℃ and a counter flow
air cooler reduces air temperature to 45℃ before it goes to engine suction
header. Cooling water enter air cooler at 30℃ leaves at 38℃ . Calculate AMTD
Ans: 61 ℃
65. A 25kg/s flow of air enters a pre-heater at 30 ℃ and leaves at 150℃ ;
23kg/s of exhaust Cp=1.09kJ/kg℃ enters 320℃ . The Over-all heat transfer
coefficient is 710w/m 2 ℃ . Calculate Surface Area (counter flow)
 Ans: 24.8m 2
66. The heat exchanger use to heat the oil from 15 to 85℃ . Blowing across
the outside of the tubes is steam which enters at 130 ℃ and leaves at 110℃
with a mass flow rate 5.2kg/s. The over-all heat transfer coefficient is 275w/
m 2 ℃ . C for steam 1.86kJ/kg℃ . Calculate surface area of heat exchanger.
Ans: 10.5 m 2
67. Water at a rate 68kg/min is heated from 35 to 75℃ by an oil having
cp=1.9kJ/kg℃ . The fluids are use in a counter flow double pipe heat
exchanger, and the oil enters the heat exchanger at 110 and leaves at 75 ℃ .
The Over-all heat transfer is 320w/m 2 ℃ . Calculate the area.
Ans: 15.84 m 2
68. Calculate the heat loss per linear meter from 2 mm nominal pipe ( 2.375
mm inside diameter ) covered with 1 mm of an insulating material having an
average thermal conductivity of 0.0375 W/m-K. Assume that the inner and outer
surface temperatures of the insulation are 380˚C and 80˚C respectively.
Ans: 115.71 W/m
69. Calculate the heat transfer of a pipe having an outside diameter of 15 cm,
thickness of 50 mm with thermal conductivity of 0.0032 W/m-K passing through a
length of 30 m. Assume temperature of pipe equal to 100˚C and ambient
temperature of 27˚C.
Ans: 40.08 watts
70. Calculate the heat loss per linear meter from a 10 m nominal pipe
( outside diameter of 10.75 m) covered with a composite pipe insulation
consisting of 1.5 m of insulation I placed next to the pipe and 2 m of
insulation II placed upon insulation I. Assume the inner and outer surface
temperatures of the composite insulation are 500˚C and 100˚C respectively, and
that the thermal conductivity of material I is 0.05 W/m-K and for material II
is 0.039 W/m-K.
Ans: 219.116 W/m
71. Temperature at 300˚C passed through 0.15 m steel pipe for a total distance
of 155,000 mm and having 8 cm thickness. The ambient temperature of 27˚C.
Determine the thermal conductivity having heat loss of 1200 watts.
Ans: 3.27x10-3 W/m˚C
72. Calculate the thermal conductivity of a material having a heat loss of
1039.45 watts. Inside diameter of 55 cm and thickness of 100 mm passing
through a 17 m long pipe at 55˚C. Assume ambient temperature of 4˚C.
Ans: 0.0592 W/m˚C
73. A steel pipe having a thermal conductivity of 45 W/m-K has an inside
diameter of 150 cm and thickness of 50 mm. Calculate the heat loss per length
of the pipe if the temperature difference is 97˚C.
Ans: 424.96 kW/m
74. A 150 m steel pipe has an 240˚C temperature, diameter of 250 mm is
insulated with a 210 mm layer of asbestos and with a thermal conductivity of
0.424 W/m-K and followed by a layer of cork in 150 mm in thickness with a
thermal conductivity of 0.35 W/m-K. If the ambient temperature of the cork is
120˚C. Calculate the heat loss.
Ans: 33438.64 watts
75. A 150 m distance of pipe, has an initial 235˚C temperature in a diameter
of 15.5 cm. Insulated with a 8.05 cm thickness of a magnesia followed by 5 cm
layer of asbestos of k=3.39 W/m-K and has an ambient temperature of 150˚C.
Calculate the heat transfer in Joules per minute.
Ans: 461,974.93 J/min
76. Calculate the heat loss of a pipe 100 mm inside diameter and 10 m length
is covered with a layer 30 mm thick of insulation having a thermal
conductivity of 0.05 W/m-K. If the temperature of the pipe is 400˚C and the
ambient temperature is 50˚C.
Ans: 2339.47 watts
77. A pipe with an 500˚C temperature, diameter of 4 m is insulated with an 1 m
layer of asbestos k=0.063 W/m-K followed by a layer of cork 2 m thick and
having a thermal conductivity of 0.30 W/m-K. If the temperature of the outer
surface of the cork is 300˚C. Calculate the heat loss if the pipe is 100 m
long.
Ans: 15440.26 watts
78. An insulated steam pipe located where the ambient temperature is 32⁰C, has
an inside diameter of 50 mm with 10 mm thick wall. The outside diameter of the
corrugated asbestos insulation is 125 mm and the surface coefficient of still
air, ho=12 W/m2-K. Inside the pipe is steam having a temperature of 150⁰C with
film coefficient hi= 6000 W/m2-K. Thermal conductivity of pipe and asbestos
insulation are 45 and 0.12 W/m2-K respectively. Determine the heat loss per
unit length of pipe.
a. 110 W b. 120 W c. 130 W d. 140 W
79. Water is flowing in a pipe with radius of 25.4 cm at a velocity of 5 m/sec
at the temperature in the pipe. The density and viscosity of the water are as
follows: density = 997.9 kg/m3 and viscosity of 1.131 Pa-s. What is the
Reynolds Number for this situation?
a. 2241 b. 96.2 c. 3100 d. 1140
80. Steam at 285psia ( tsat=413F, hg=1202.45Btu/lb) enters a convective
superheater in a saturated state and leaves at 600F(h=1316.4). The hot gas
(cp=0.241Btu/lb-F) leave the superheater at 1150F. There are 1.6 lbg/lbsteam
and the total steam flow is 17,580lb/hr. If the transmittance is U=4Btu/hr-
ft2-F, find the temperature of gas entering the superheater and the heating
surface area.
a. 987F, 456ft2 b. 3421F, 534ft2 c. 1445.F, 634ft2 d. 765F, 765ft2
81. A 22.7kg/s flow of air enters a preheater at 28C and leaves at 150C;
23.7kg/s of exhaust gases, cp=1.09kJ/kg-K, enters at 315C. The overall
coefficient of heat transfer is 710 W/m2-C. Determine the surface area for
counterflow.
a. 28.77m2 b. 22.82m2 c. 32.54m2 d. 27.49m2
82. A cold storage compartment is 4.5 m long by 4 m wide by 2.5 m high. The
four walls, ceiling and floor are covered to a thickness of 150 mm with
insulating material which has a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 5.8 X
10-2 W/ m K. Calculate the quantity of heat leaking through the insulation per
hour when the outside and inside face temperatures of the material is 15°C and
-5°C respectively.
a. 2185kJ b. 3652kJ c. 1254kJ d. 4658kJ