T30 Short WPR
T30 Short WPR
T30 Short WPR
300 This procedure covers mechanical analysis of aggregate recovered from bituminous mix
samples in accordance with AASHTO T 30. This FOP utilizes the aggregate recovered from
500 the ignition oven used in AASHTO T 308. AASHTO T 30 was developed for analysis of
extracted aggregate and thus includes references to extracted bitumen and filter element,
570 which do not apply in this FOP.
580
Sieve analyses determine the gradation or distribution of aggregate particles within a given
585 sample in order to determine compliance with design and production standards.
590 Apparatus
Edition Changes
Balance or scale: Capacity sufficient for the sample mass, accurate to 0.1 percent of the
sample mass or readable to 0.1 g
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Sieves
Containers and utensils: A pan or vessel of a size sufficient to contain the sample covered
with water and to permit vigorous agitation without loss of any part of the sample or
water
Sample Sieving
In this procedure it is required to shake the sample over nested sieves. Sieves are selected
to furnish information required by specification.
Sieves are nested in order of decreasing size from the top to the bottom and the sample,
or a portion of the sample, is placed on the top sieve.
Sieves are shaken in a mechanical shaker for approximately 10 minutes, or the minimum
time determined to provide complete separation for the sieve shaker being used. As
established by the Time Evaluation.
Time Evaluation
The minimum time requirement should be evaluated for each shaker at least annually by the
following method:
275 3. Hand-shake each sieve by striking the side of the sieve sharply and with an upward
motion against the heel of the other hand at the rate of about 150 times per minute,
300 turning the sieve about one sixth of a revolution at intervals of about 25 strokes.
500 If more than 0.5 percent by mass of the total sample prior to sieving passes any sieve after
one minute of continuous hand sieving adjust shaker time and re-check.
570
580 In determining sieving time for sieve sizes larger than 4.75 mm (No. 4), limit the material on
the sieve to a single layer of particles.
585
Overload Determination
590
For sieves with openings smaller than 4.75 mm (No. 4), the mass retained on any sieve
Edition Changes
shall not exceed 6 kg/m2 (4 g/in2) of sieving surface.
Cover For sieves with openings 4.75 mm (No. 4) and larger, the mass (in kg) shall not exceed
the product of 2.5 x (sieve opening in mm) x (effective sieving area). See Table 1.
Additional sieves may be necessary to keep from overloading the specified sieves. The
sample may also be sieved in increments.
TABLE 1
Maximum Allowable Mass of Material Retained on a Sieve, g
Nominal Sieve Size, mm (in.)
Exact size is smaller (see AASHTO T 27)
Sieve Size 203 dia 305 dia 305 by 305 350 by 350 372 by 580
mm (in.) (8) (12) (12 × 12) (14 × 14) (16 × 24)
Sieving Area m2
0.0285 0.0670 0.0929 0.1225 0.2158
90 (3 1/2) * 15,100 20,900 27,600 48,500
75 (3) * 12,600 17,400 23,000 40,500
63 (2 1/2) * 10,600 14,600 19,300 34,000
50 (2) 3600 8400 11,600 15,300 27,000
37.5 (1 1/2) 2700 6300 8700 11,500 20,200
25.0 (1) 1800 4200 5800 7700 13,500
19.0 (3/4) 1400 3200 4400 5800 10,200
16.0 (5/8) 1100 2700 3700 4900 8600
12.5 (1/2) 890 2100 2900 3800 6700
9.5 (3/8) 670 1600 2200 2900 5100
6.3 (1/4) 440 1100 1500 1900 3400
4.75 (No. 4) 330 800 1100 1500 2600
-4.75 (-No. 4) 170 400 560 740 1300
1. Nest a sieve, such as a 2.0 mm (No. 10), above the 75µm (No. 200) sieve.
2. Place the test sample in a container and add sufficient water to cover it. Add a detergent,
dispersing agent, or other wetting solution to the water to assure a thorough separation of
the material finer than the 75µm (No. 200) sieve from the coarser particles. There should
be enough wetting agent to produce a small amount of suds when the sample is agitated.
Excessive suds may overflow the sieves and carry material away with them.
3. Agitate vigorously to ensure complete separation of the material finer than 75µm (No.
200) from coarser particles and bring the fine material into suspension above the coarser
material. When using a mechanical washing device, exercise caution to avoid degradation
of the sample.
Note 1: When mechanical washing equipment is used, the introduction of water, agitating, and decanting
may be a continuous operation. Use care not to overflow or overload the 75µ (No. 200) sieve.
4. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the
nested sieves, being careful not to pour out the coarser particles.
5. Add a second change of water to the sample remaining in the container, agitate, and
repeat Step 5. Repeat the operation until the wash water is reasonably clear. Continue
washing until the agent is removed.
6. Rinse the material on the nested sieves until water passing through the sieve is reasonably
clear.
7. Remove the upper sieve, return material retained to the washed sample.
275 9. Return all material retained on the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve to the washed sample by
flushing into the washed sample.
300
10. Dry the washed aggregate to constant mass in accordance with the FOP for AASHTO
500 T 255, and then cool prior to sieving. Record the “dry mass after washing”.
570 11. Select sieves to furnish information required by the specifications. Nest the sieves in
580 order of decreasing size from top to bottom and place the sample, or a portion of the
sample, on the top sieve.
585
12. Place sieves in mechanical shaker and shake for the minimum time determined to provide
590 complete separation for the sieve shaker being used (approximately 10 minutes).
Edition Changes Note 2: Excessive shaking (more than 10 minutes) may result in degradation of the sample.
13. Determine the mass retained on each sieve (individual/cumulative) to the nearest 0.1 g.
Cover Ensure that all material trapped in full openings of the sieves are cleaned out and
included in the mass retained.
Note 3: For sieves #4 and larger, material trapped in less than a full opening shall be checked by sieving
over a full opening. Use coarse wire brushes to clean the 600 µm (No. 30) and larger sieves, and soft bristle
brushes for smaller sieves.
Calculation
1. The total mass of the material after sieving should check closely with the original mass of
sample placed on the sieves (dry mass after washing). When the masses before and after
sieving differ by more than 0.2 percent, do not use the results for acceptance purposes.
2. Divide the masses for each sieve (individual/cumulative) by the total dry mass before
washing and multiply by 100 to determine the percent retained on and passing each sieve.
3. Calculate the percent retained and passing each sieve to the nearest 0.1%.
4. Apply the Aggregate Correction Factor to the calculated percent passing, as required in
the FOP for AASHTO T 308 “Correction Factor” Steps 10 through 12, to obtain the
reported percent passing. Report percentages to the nearest 1% except for the percent
passing the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve, which shall be reported to the nearest 0.1%.
Where:
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PP= Calculated Percent Passing
100
Aggregate Correction Factor
Example:
Dry mass of sample, after washing out the 75 µm (No. 200) minus: 2296.2 g
63.5 g 2289.6 g
100 2.6% 100 94.5%
2422.3 g 2422.3 g
Agg.
Cumulative Corr.
Sieve Size Mass Mass Cumulative Calc’d Factor Reported
mm (in.) Retained Percent Retained Percent Percent from Percent
(g) Retained (g) Retained Passing T 308 Passing
(MR) (PR) (CMR) (CPR) (PP) (ACF) (RPP)
19.0 (3/4) 0.0 0.0 0 100.0 100
12.5 (1/2) 346.9 14.3 346.9 14.3 85.7 86
9.5 (3/8) 207.8 8.6 554.7 22.9 77.1 77
4.75 (No. 4) 625.4 25.8 1180.1 48.7 51.3 51
2.36 (No. 8) 416.2 17.2 1596.3 65.9 34.1 34
01.18 (No. 16) 274.2 11.3 1870.5 77.2 22.8 23
0.600 (No. 30) 152.1 6.3 2022.6 83.5 16.5 16
0.300 (No. 50) 107.1 4.4 2129.7 87.9 12.1 12
0.150 (No. 100) 96.4 4.0 2226.1 91.9 8.1 8
75 µm (No. 200) 63.5 2.6 2289.6 94.5 5.5 -0.6 4.9
Pan 5.7 2295.3
Check sum: 2296.2 –2295.3 / 2296.2 × 100 = 0.04 % is within the 0.2 percent requirement
Report
Results shall be reported on standard forms approved for use by the agency. Depending on
the agency, this may include:
Report percentages to the nearest 1 percent except for the percent passing the 75 µm
(No. 200) sieve, which shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 percent.
585 2. Dry mass agrees with sample mass after ignition (Mf ) from
AASHTO T 308 within 0.1%? _____ _____
590 3. Sample placed in container and covered with water? _____ _____
Edition Changes 4. Wetting agent added? _____ _____
5. Contents of container agitated vigorously? _____ _____
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6. Wash water poured through proper nest of two sieves? _____ _____
7. Washing continued until wash water is clear and no wetting agent remaining? _____ _____
8. Retained material returned to washed sample? _____ _____
9. Washed material coarser than 75 µm (No. 200) dried to constant mass
at 110 ±5°C (230 ±9°F)? _____ _____
10. Sample cooled to room temperature? _____ _____
11. Dry mass after washing determined to 0.1 g? _____ _____
12. Material sieved on specified sieves? _____ _____
13. Mass of each fraction of aggregate, including minus 75 µm (No. 200),
determined and recorded to 0.1 g? _____ _____
14. Percent passing on each sieve determined correctly to the nearest 0.1%? _____ _____
15. Aggregate correction factor applied? _____ _____
16. Percent passing on each sieve reported correctly to the nearest 1%
and nearest 0.1% on the 75 µm (No. 200)? _____ _____
17. Does summation of sieve masses check total washed dry mass to
within 0.2 percent? _____ _____