UNIT 1: Diversity in Living World

1.1What is living?;
Biodiversity;Need for
classification; Thee-demains
ef ife; Taxonomy &
Systematics; Concept of
species and taxonomical
hierarchy; Binomial
nomenclature; FeeBs fer stthy
ofFaxeeyMtses,
Zees, Herbaria, Betanieat
gerdens.
1.2 Five kingdom
classification; salient features
and classification of Monera;
Protistaand Fungi into major
groups; Lichens; Viruses and
Viroids.
1.3 Salient features and
classification of plants into
major groups-Algae,
Bryophytes, Pteridophytes,
Gymnosperms and
Angiesperns (three to five
salient and distinguishing
features and at least twO
examples of each category)
Angiesperms-etassifieatien
tp te eBasS, eheraeteristie
feattres andexaples.
1.4 Salient features and
classification of animals
nonchordate up to phyla level
and chordate up to classes
level (three to five salient
features and at least twO
examples).
UNIT 2: Structural Organisation in
Animals and Plants

2.1 Morphology and

modifications; Tissues;
Anatomy and functions of
different parts of flowering
plants: Root,stem, leaf,
inflorescence- cymose and
recemose, flower, fruit and
seed (To be dealt along with
the relevant practical of the
Practical Syllabus). Family
(malvaceae, Cruciferae,
leguminoceae, compositae,
graminae)
2.2 Animal tissues;
Morphology, anatomy and
functions of different systems
(digestive, circulatory,
respiratory, nervous and
reproductive) of an insect and
a frog. (Brief account only)
UNIT 3: CellStructure and Function

3.1Cell theory and cell as the

basic unit of life; Structure of
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cell; Plant cell and animal cell;
Cell envelope, cell membrane,
cell wall; Cell organelles
structure and function;
Endomembrane system
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles;
mitochondria, ribosomes,
plastids, micro bodies;
Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella,
centrioles (ultra structure and
function);Nucleus-nuclear
membrane, chromatin,
nucleolus.
3.2 Chemical constituents of
living cells: Biomolecules
structure and function of
proteins, carbodydrates, lipids,
nucleic acids; Enzymes-types,
properties, enzyme action.
Classification and
nomenclature of enzymes
3.3 B Cell division: Cell cycle,
mitosis, meiosis and their
significance.
4.3 Photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis as a means of
Autotrophic nutrition; Site of
photosynthesis take place,
pigments involved in
Photosynthesis (Elementary
idea); Photochemical and
biosynthetic phases of
photosynthesis; Cyclic and
non cyclic and
photophosphorylation;
Chemiosmotic hypothesis;
Photorespiration C3 and C4
pathways; Factors affecting
photosynthesis.

4.4 Respiration: Exchange

gases;Cellular respiration
glycolysis, fermentation
(anaerobic), TCA cycle and
electron transport system
(aerobic); Energy relations
Number of ATP molecules
generated; Amphibolic
pathways; Respiratory
quotient.
4.5 Plant growth and
development: Seed
germination; Phases of Plant
growth and plant growth rate;
Conditions of growth;
Differentiation,
dedifferentiation and
redifferentiation; Sequence of
developmental process in a
plant cell; Growth regulators
xin,gibberellin, cytokinin,
ethylene, ABA; Seed
dormancy;Vernalisation;
Photoperiodism
5.2 Breathing and Respiration:
Respiratory organs in animals
(recall only); Respiratory
system in humans;
Mechanism of breathing and
itsregulation in humans
Exchange of gases, transport
of gases and regulation of
respiration Respiratory
volumes; Disorders related to
respiration-Asthma,
Emphysema, Occupational
respiratory disorders.
5.3 Body fluids and
circulation:Composition of
blood, blood groups,
coagulation of blood;
Composition of lymph and its
function; Human circulatory
system-Structure of human
heart and blood vessels;
Cardiac cycle, cardiac output,
ECG, Double circulation;
Regulation of 38 cardiac
activity; Disorders of
circulatory system
Hypertension, Coronary artery
disease, Angina pectoris,
Heart failure.
5.4 Excretory products and
their elimination: Modes of
excretion- Ammonotelism,
ureotelism, uricotelism;
Human excretory system
structure and fuction; Urine
formation, Osmoregulation;
Regulation of kidney function
Renin-angiotensin, Atrial
Natriuretic Factor, ADH and
Diabetes insipidus; Role of
other organs in excretion;
Disorders;Uraemia, Renal
failure, Renal calculi,
Nephritis; Dialysis and
artificial kidney.
5.5 Locomotion and
Movement: Types of
movement- ciliary, fiagellar,
muscular; Skeletal muscle
contractile proteins and
muscle contraction; Skeletal
system and its functions (To
be dealt with the relevant
practical of Practical
syllabus); Joints; Disorders of
muscular and skeletal
system-Myasthenia gravis,
Tetany, Muscular dystrophy,
Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout.
5.6 Neural control and
coordination: Neuron and
nerves; Nervous system in
humans- central nervous
system, peripheral nervous
system and visceral nervous
system; Generation and
conduction of nerve impulse;
Reffex aetien; Sese ergans;
Elementary struettre and
funetie-ef eye and ear
5.7 Chemical coordination
and regulation: Endocrine
glands and hormones; Human
endocrine system
Hypothalamus, Pituitary,
Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid,
Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads;
Mechanism of hormone
action (lementary ldea); Role
of hormones as messengers
and regulators, Hypo-and
hyperactivity and related
disorders (Common disorders
e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly,
Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic
goiter, diabetes, Addison's
disease).
(Imp: Diseases and disorders
mentioned above tobe dealt
in brief.)
6.2 Sexual reproduction in
flowering plants: Flower
structure; Development of
male and female
gametophytes; Polination
types, agencies and
examples; Outbreeding
devices; Pollen-Pistil
interaction; Double
fertilization; Post fertilization
events-Development of
endosperm and embryo,
Development of seed and
formation of fruit; Special
modes-apomixis,
parthenocarpy, polyembryony:
Significance of seed and fruit
formation.
6.3 Human Reproduction:
Male and female reproductive
systems; Microscopic
anatomy of testis and ovary;
Gametogenesis
spermatogenesis &
oogenesis; Menstrual cycle;
Fertilisation, embryo
development upto blastocyst
formation, implantation;
Pregnancy and placenta
formation (Elementary idea),:
Parturition (Elementary idea);
Lactation (Elementary idea).
6.4 Reproductive health: Need
for reproductive health and
prevention of sexually
transmitted diseases (STD):
Birth control-Need and
Methods, Contraception and
Medical Termination of
Pregnancy (MTP);
Amniocentesis; Infertility and
assisted reproductive
technologies - IVE, ZIFT,GIFT
(Elementary idea for general
awareness).
UNIT 7: Genetics and Evolution

7.1 Heredity and variation:

Mendelian Inheritance;
Deviations from Mendelism
Incomplete dominance, Co
dominance, Multiple alleles
and Inheritance of blood
groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary
idea of polygenic inheritance;
Chromosome theory of
inheritance;Chromosomes
and genes; Sex determination
In humans, birds, honey bee;
Linkage and crossing over,
Sex linked inheritance
Haemophilia, Colour
blindness; Mendelian
disorders in humans
Thalassemia; Chromosomal
disorders in humans; Down's
syndrome, Turner's and
Klinefelter's syndromes.
7.2 Molecular basis of
Inheritance: Search for
genetic material and DNA as
genetic material; Structure of
DNAand RNA; DNA
packaging; DNA replication;
Central dogma, Transcription,
genetic code, translation;
Gene expression and
regulation-Lac Operon;
Genome and human genome
project; DNA finger printing,
Protein biosynthesis.
7.3 Evolution: Origin of life;
Biological evolution and
evidences for biological
evolution from Paleontology,
comparative anatomy,
embryology and molecular
evidence); Darwin's
contribution, Modern
Synthetic theory of Evolution;
Mechanism of
evolutionVariation (Mutation
and Recombination) and
Natural Selection with
examples, types of natural
selection; Gene flow and
genetic drift; Hardy
Weinberg's principle; Adaptive
Radiation; Human evolution.
UNIT 8: Biology and Human Welfare

8.1 Health and Disease;

Pathogens, parasites causing
human diseases (Malaria,
Filariasis, Ascariasis. Typhoid,
Pneumonia, common cold,
amoebiasis, ring worm,
Dengue, Chikungunya); Basic
concepts of immunology
vaccines; Cancer, HIV and
AIDS;Adolescence, drug and
alcohol abuse.

8.2tmprevement in-feed
preduetien; Plant breeding
tisste-etttfe, singte-eet
Protein, Biefortiffeatien;
Apiettre and Ainet
husbandry:
8.3 Microbes in human
welfare: In household food
processing, industrial
production, sewage treatment,
energy generation and as
biocontrol agents and
biofertilizers.
UNIT 9: Biotechnology and Its
Applications

9.1 Principles and process of

Biotechnology: Genetic
engineering (Recombinant
DNA technology).
9.2 Application of
Biotechnology in health and
agriculture: Human insulin
and vaccine production, gene
therapy; Genetically modified
organisms-Bt crops;
Transgenic Animals; Biosafety
issues-Biopiracy and patents.

UNIT 10: Ecology and environment

10.1 Organisms and

environment: Habitat end
niehe; Pepttatien-and
eeetegieet adaptetiens;
Population interactions
mutualism, competition,
predation, parasitism;
Population attributes-growth,
birth rate and death rate, age
10.2 Ecosystem: Patterns,
components; productivity and
decomposition; Energy flow;
Pyramids of number, biomass,
energy, tttrient eyeling
fearben-end phespheretHa:
EeeBegieatsueeessien;
EeeBegieat ServieesGerben
fxetien, pettinetien, exygen
Felease

10.3 Biodiversity and its

conservation: Concept of
Biodiversity; Patterns of
Biodiversity; Importance of
Biodiversity; Loss of
Biodiversity; Biodiversity
conservation; Hotspots,
endangered organisms,
extinction, Red Data Book,
biosphere reserves, National
parks and sanctuaries.