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    AP Calculus AB Study Notes

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    zubaida alani

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    AP Calculus AB Study Notes

    Uploaded by

    zubaida alani
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    2 views6 pages

    AP Calculus AB Study Notes

    Uploaded by

    zubaida alani

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    AP Calculus AB Study Notes

     Special Products

    1)  a  b   a  2ab  b
    2 2 2

    2)  a  b   a  3a b  3ab  b
    3 3 2 2 3

    3)  a  b  a  b   a  b
    2 2

     Factorization

    1) a  b   a  b  a  b 
    2 2

    3 3 2

    2) a  b   a  b  a ab  b
    2

     Power Rules

    a m mn
     
    n
    1) a  a  a m n
    2) n  a 3) a  a mn 4) a0  1 where a  0
    m n m

    a
    m m
    1 a b
    5)  a  b   a  b
    m
    7)     
    m
    6) a  m
    m m

    a b a

     Trigonometric Identities

    Pythagorean Identities

    1) sin 2 x  cos2 x  1 2) sec2 x  tan 2 x  1 3) csc2 x  cot 2 x  1

    Quotient Identities

    sin x cos x
    1) tan x  2) cot x 
    cos x sin x

    Reciprocal Identities

    1 1 1
    1) sec x  2) csc x  3) cot x 
    cos x sin x tan x

    1
    Even-Odd Identities

    sin x, csc x, tan x and cot x are odd functions


    cos x and sec x are even functions

    1) sin( x)   sin x 2) tan( x)   tan x 3) csc( x)   csc x 4) cot( x)   cot x

    5) cos( x)  cos x 6) sec( x)  sec x

    Sum or Difference Identities

    1) sin( A  B)  sin A cos B  sin B cos A

    2) cos( A  B)  cos A cos B sin A sin B


    tan A  tan B
    3) tan( A  B) 
    1 tan A  tan B

    Double Angles Identities

    1) sin 2 A  2sin A cos A


    2) cos2 A  cos2 A  sin 2 A  2cos2 A 1  1  2sin 2 A
    2tan A
    3) tan 2 A 
    1  tan 2 A

    Power Reducing Identities

    1  cos 2 A 1  cos 2 A
    1) sin A 
    2
    2) cos A 
    2

    2 2

    2
     Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

    f ( x)  a x is an exponential function, a0 and a  1 .


    The domain is  ,   and the range is  0,  .
    g( x)  log a x is a logarithmic function, a 0 and a  1 .
    The domain is  0,  and the range is  ,   .

    f ( x)  a x and g( x)  log a x are inverse functions.


    f ( x)  log x is the common logarithm with base 10.
    f ( x)  ln x is the common logarithm with base e.

    Special Values for ex and lnx

    e  0 ln 0  
    e0  1 ln1  0
    e   ln   

    Logarithmic Properties

    1) log a  mn   log a m  log a n

    m
    2) log a    log a m  log a n
    n

    3) log a  m r   r  log a m

    log m ln m
    4) log a m   Change of base formula
    log a ln a

     Slope of a Line

    The slope of a line containing the points A  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  is:

    y2  y1 rise vertical change


    m  
    x2  x1 run horizontal change

    3
     Equation of a Line

    Point- Slope Form: y  y1  m  x  x1 

    Slope- Intercept Form: y  mx  b

    Standard Form: ax  by  c

     Standard Equation of a Circle

    The standard equation of a circle of radius r with center at  h, k  :  x  h    y  k   r 2


    2 2

     Distance Formula

    The distance between the points A  x1 , y1  and B  x2 , y2  is: d   x2  x1    y2  y1 


    2 2

     Quadratic Formula

    b  b 2  4ac
    The solutions of the equation ax2  bx  c  0, a  0 are: x 
    2a

     Definition of Trigonometric Ratios in Right Triangles

    4
     Unit Circle and Remarkable Angles Table

    5
     Graphs of Trigonometric functions

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