Natural

Science

PRIMARY
TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
Natural Science 5 is a collective work, conceived,
designed and created by the Primary Education
department at Santillana, under the supervision
of Antonio Brandi Fernández.

WRITER
Belén Garrido

MANAGING EDITOR
Sheila Tourle

PROJECT EDITOR
Geona Edwards

EDITOR
Beatriz Bejarano del Palacio

PROOFREADING
Sheila Klaiber

ILLUSTRATIONS
Alademosca il·lustració, Jordi Baeza,
José Santos, Carlos Molinos, Carles Salón,
Carolina Temprado Battad, Carlos Gallego
Contents
Nombre Fecha

Introduction ...................................................................................................... III

Worksheets

The human body and living things ...................................................................... 6

The classification of living things.......................................................................... 14

Sensitivity and the senses ................................................................................... 22

Health and health risks........................................................................................ 30

Plant growth and nutrition ................................................................................... 38

Ecosystems ........................................................................................................ 46

People and the environment ............................................................................... 54

Matter ................................................................................................................. 62

Energy ................................................................................................................ 70

Light and heat..................................................................................................... 78

Electricity............................................................................................................. 86

Forces and machines.......................................................................................... 94

Answer key........................................................................................................ 102

 The human body and living things REINFORCEMENT

Name Date

1 Match and write the sentences.

a. All living things are the basic units of life.

b. All living things carry out made up of cells.
c. Cells are three basic life processes.
d. Human beings are multicellular living things.

2 Write the correct life process: nutrition, sensitivity or reproduction.

3 Label the pictures with the words in the box.

blood cells - muscle cell - intestine cell - neuron

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 REINFORCEMENT

4 Circle the levels of organization and write each under the correct picture.
Then, number them from the simplest to the most complex.

q y o i c e l l
b p r d w t q v
o r g a n i s m
g g a h e s y b
f w n s f u s p
y r p i c u t j
r t i s s u e l
k o g d n l m a

5 Match.

a. objective lenses It contains the lens you look through.

b. light source This is where you put the sample.

c. stage They provide different levels of magnification.

d. eyepiece It provides light to look at the sample.

6 Complete the table with two examples of each.

head arms trunk legs

bones

muscles

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 The human body and living things EXTENSION

Name Date

Living things come in many sizes

Size is one of the most important characteristics
of living things. It affects how an organism manages
to survive and how it reacts to its environment.
However, there are vast differences in size among
living things.
The largest animal on Earth is the blue whale, which
measures about 25 metres long. The largest plant
is the giant sequoia tree, which can reach up to
90 metres in height. However, the largest living thing
on Earth is a fungus! It is located in a forest in Oregon
(USA) and extends over 5 kilometres in length.
It grows mostly underground and its visible part,
commonly known as the honey mushroom, is edible.
The smallest living things are a type of bacteria,
known as mycoplasmas, which are harmful
to people.

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

a. Why is size important for living things? 

b. Which living thing is the largest on Earth? 

c. What type of organism are the smallest living things on Earth? 

d. Which of these living things can be harmful to people? 

2 Search the Internet for more information about the largest living thing on Earth and complete
the index card. Include a picture.

Name: 

Kingdom: 

Area it covers: 

Age: 

Other characteristics: 

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 The human body and living things EXTENSION

Name Date

Parts of a cell
Microscopes allow scientists to study the parts of a cell. Cells have different sizes, shapes
and functions, but all cells have a membrane, a nucleus and cytoplasm.

Ribosome Cytoplasm Centrosome

Tiny organelle which Jelly-like material which Small tubes which are
produces protein. contains the organelles. involved in cell reproduction.

Mitochondrion Membrane
Rod-shaped organelle
Covering around
which obtains energy.
the cell.

Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole

Part which controls the Sac which produces and Sac which stores
function of the cell. transports proteins in the cell. substances.

1 Look at the diagram and answer the questions.

a. Which part of the cell protects it from the outside? 

b. Which part of the cell contains the organelles? 

c. Which parts of the cell are involved in cell reproduction? 

d. Which part of the cell obtains energy? 

2 Match the cell types with their functions.

neurons store energy

transport substances
fat cells
throughout the body

transmit messages
blood cells
and orders

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 The human body and living things ASSESSMENT

Name Date

1 Read and write the words.

a. A basic unit of life. 

b. The three basic life processes. 

c. A living thing made up of a single cell. 

d. A living thing made up of many cells. 

e. An instrument to observe cells. 

2 Unscramble the words and label the diagram. Then, answer the question.

ramenbem cusenlu latcopsym saglerenlo

        

• Can you name two types of cells in the human body? 

3 Write the next four levels of organization of the human body.

Cells ► ► ► ►

• Then, write a sentence with these words.

human body      work together      organism functions correctly

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 ASSESSMENT

4 Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, rewrite the false sentences.

a. Multicellular living things are made up of the same type of cells.

b. All cells in a tissue perform the same function.

c. The stomach and the heart are tissues in the human body.

d. Systems are made up of organs with a common function.

e. Organisms are made up of different systems.

5 Label the parts of the microscope. Then, answer the question.

eyepiece    objective lens    stage    light source

• Which parts of the microscope are responsible for the different levels of magnification?

6 Complete the texts. Label them F (flexing movement)

and E (extending movement).

The relaxes and the triceps .

The triceps pulls the ,
so the arm .

The biceps and the relaxes.

The biceps pulls the ,
so the arm at the elbow.

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 The human body and living things TEST

Name Date

1 All living things carry out three life processes: nutrition, sensitivity and...
a. organization. b. reproduction. c. changing.

2 Human beings are multicellular because...

a. they are made up of millions of cells.
b. they are made up of cells with a multicellular structure.
c. they are made up of hundreds of cells.

3 The stage is the part of the microscope...

a. which magnifies the sample.
b. where you put the sample.
c. which provides light.

4 Neurons are...
a. elongated. b. round. c. star-shaped.

5 In multicellular livings things, cells of the same type join together to form...
a. organs. b. tissues. c. systems.

6 The levels of organization in multicellular living things are...

a. cells > tissues > organs > systems > organisms.
b. cells > organs > tissues > systems > organisms.
c. cells > tissues > organisms > organs > systems.

7 Our body takes its shape from the...

a. skeletal system.
b. muscular system.
c. skeletal system and the muscular system.

8 Bones meet at...

a. tendons. b. ligaments. c. joints.

9 Our muscles are long and thin when...

a. they are relaxed.
b. we are playing sports.
c. we lift heavy objects.

10 Most muscles in the locomotor system work...

a. in groups. b. in pairs. c. individually.

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 The human body and living things INVESTIGATE

Name Date

What are the cells of a human cheek like?

Instructions
1. Work with a partner. You need 2 toothpicks, a microscope,
2 microscope slides, 2 cover slips, an eye dropper
and some iodine solution.
2. Using the dropper, put a drop of iodine solution
on the centre of the microscope slide.
3. Gently scrape the inside lining of your cheek with
the end of the toothpick.
4. Put the scrapings in the drop of iodine solution
on the microscope slide.
5. Cover the sample with the cover slip.
Make sure there are no bubbles.
6. Put the slide on the stage and fasten it with the stage clips. Observe the cells through the low power
lens. Adjust the focus to see the sample clearly. Then, observe the cells again through one of the high
power lenses and adjust the knobs to see the sample clearly.
7. Draw and colour what you see using a low power lens and a high power lens.

      

8. Draw one of the cells and label the main parts: membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm.

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