Name: …………………………….

Group: ……………………………

THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

I. Form

1. “be” (+) Affirmative (-) Negative Meaning of “be”

full form short form full form short form
I am … ’m … am not … ’m not … + adj: thì …
We, You, They are … ’re … are not … ’re not/ aren’t …
+ noun: là …
Plural nouns
+ prep of place: ở…
He/ She/ It is … ’s … is not … ’s not/ isn’t …
Singular nouns + prep of time: vào …

(?) Interrogative ANSWER

Am I …? Yes, you are. No, you are not. No, you aren’t.
Are You …? Yes, I am. No, I am not. No, I’m not.
Yes, we are. No, we are not. No, we aren’t.
We …? Yes, you are. No, you are not. No, you aren’t.
They …? Yes, they are. No, they are not. No, they aren’t.
Plural nouns
Is He/ She/ It …? Yes, he/ she/ it is. No, he/ she/ it is not. No, he/ she/ it isn’t.
Singular nouns

2. normal verbs
(+) Affirmative (-) Negative
full form short form
I V. do not V don’t V.
We, You, They V. do not V don’t V.
Plural nouns
He/ She/ It V+s/es. does not V doesn’t V.
Singular nouns

(?) Interrogative ANSWER

Do I V? Yes, you do. No, you do not. No, you don’t.
Do You V? Yes, I do. No, I do not. No, I don’t.
Yes, we do. No, we do not. No, we don’t.
We V? Yes, you do. No, you do not. No, you don’t.
They V? Yes, they do. No, they do not. No, they don’t.
Plural nouns/ Ns
Does He/ She/ It V? Yes, No, No,
Singular nouns he/ she/ it does. he/ she/ it does not. he/ she/ it doesn’t.

II. Spelling. Các cách biến đổi động từ khi kết hợp với Chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ ba số ít (danh từ số ít)
Rules Base form Third person singular
1. For most verbs we add ‘-s’ to the base form to make come comes
the ‘he, she, it’ (third person singular) form. eat eats
travel travels
Hầu hết các động từ đều thêm ‘-s’ ở ngôi thứ ba số ít.

2. When the verb ends in ‘-o, -(s)s, -x, -ch, -sh or -(z)z’ go goes
 we add ‘-es’. miss misses
mix mixes
Nếu động từ có tận cùng là ‘-o, -(s)s, -x, -ch, -sh or -(z)z’ watch watches
 thêm ‘-es’. wash washes
buzz buzzes
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3.1. When the verb ends in a consonant + ‘-y’ hurry hurries
 we change ‘y’ to ‘i’ and add ‘-es’. study studies
reply replies
Nếu động từ có tận cùng là ‘y’ mà trước ‘y’ là phụ âm,
 biến đổi ‘y’ thành ‘i’ và thêm ‘-es’.

3.2. When the verb ends in a vowel + ‘-y’ pay pays

 we just add ‘-s’. enjoy enjoys

Nếu động từ có tận cùng là ‘y’ mà trước ‘y’ là nguyên âm,

 thêm ‘s’ khi chia động từ.

5. When the verb ends in ‘-s’ or ‘-z’ quiz quizzes

 we double the ‘-s’ or ‘-z’ and add ‘-es’.
Nếu động từ có tận cùng là ‘-s, -z’ gas gasses
 gấp đôi ‘-s, -z’ trước khi thêm ‘-es’.
III. Pronunciation of the ‘-s’ in plural nouns and third person singular verbs.
Cách đọc ‘-s’ của danh từ số nhiều và động từ ở ngôi thứ ba số ít
Phonetic Final
Rules Examples [nouns and verbs]
transcription letter(s)
1. ‘−es’ = /−ɪz/ 1.1. /−z/  /−zɪz/ ‘−ze’ dozes /dəʊzɪz/ amazes /əˈmeɪzɪz/ grazes /greɪzɪz/
‘−se’ uses /juːzɪz/ chooses /ˈtʃuːzɪz/ loses /ˈluːzɪz/
Nếu âm tiết 1.2. /−s/  /−sɪz/ ‘−s, −se’ curses/kɜːsɪz/ bases /beɪsɪz/ rinses /rɪnsɪz/
cuối của từ là ‘−ss’ focuses/ˈfəʊkəsɪz/ passes /pɑːsɪz/ misses /mɪsɪz/
âm gió, ‘-s’ ‘−ce’ forces /fɔːsɪz/ places /pleɪsɪz/ dances /dɑːnsɪz/
phiên âm là /ɪz/. 1.3. /−ʃ/  /−ʃɪz/ ‘−sh’ wishes /wɪʃɪz/ brushes /brʌʃɪz/ crashes /kræʃɪz/
1.4. /−tʃ/  /−tʃɪz/ ‘−ch’ touches /tʌtʃɪz/ launches /lɔːntʃɪz/ searches /sɜːtʃɪz/
‘−tch’ matches /mætʃɪz/ stretches /stretʃɪz/ switches /swɪtʃɪz/
1.5. /−dʒ/  /−dʒɪz/ urges /ɜːdʒɪz/ manages judges /dʒʌdʒɪz/
‘−ge’
/ˈmænɪdʒɪz/
changes arranges /ə ranges /reɪndʒɪz/
‘−nge’
/tʃeɪndʒɪz/ ˈreɪndʒɪz/
1.6. /−ks/  /−sɪz/ ‘−x’ faxes /fæksɪz/ mixes /mɪksɪz/ boxes /bɒksɪz/

2. ‘−s’ = /−s/ 2.1. /−p/  /−ps/ ‘−p’ helps /helps/ drops /drɒps/ ships /ʃɪps/
‘−pe’ shapes /ʃeɪps/ hopes /həʊps/ types /taɪps/
Nếu âm tiết 2.2. /−k/  /−ks/ ‘−k’ asks /ɑːsks/ looks /lʊks/ works /wɜːks/
cuối của từ là ‘−ke’ likes /laɪks/ jokes /dʒəʊks/ awakes /əˈweɪks/
âm vô thanh, 3.3. /−f/  /−fs/ ‘−gh, coughs /kɒfs/ laughs /lɑːfs/ photographs
‘-s’ phiên âm −ph’ /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːfs/
là /s/. ‘−f’ sniffs /snɪfs/ stuffs /stʌfs/ staffs /stɑːfs/
3.4. /−t/  /−ts/ ‘−t’ eats /iːts/ gets /ɡets/ visits /ˈvɪzɪts/
‘−te’ hates /heɪts/ votes /vəʊts/ cites /saɪts/
3.5. /−θ/  /− θs/ ‘−th’ myths /mɪθs/ months /mʌnθs/ cloths /klɒθs/

3. ‘−s’ = /−z/ 3.1. /−b/  /−bz/ ‘−b’ grabs /græbz/ rubs /rʌbz/ disturbs /dɪˈstɜːbz/
‘−be’ cubes /kjuːbz/ bribes /braɪbz/ probes /prəʊbz/
Nếu âm tiết 3.2. /−d/  /−dz/ ‘−d’ needs /niːdz/ lands /ˈlændz/ heads /ˈhedz/
cuối của từ là ‘−de’ rides /raɪdz/ grades /ˈɡreɪdz/ guides /ˈɡaɪdz/
âm hữu thanh 3.3. /−g/  /−gz/ ‘−g’ hugs /hʌɡz/ blogs /blɒɡz/ begs /beɡz/
hoặc nguyên 3.4. /−l/  /−lz/ ‘−l’ heals /hiːlz/ calls /kɔːlz/ fails /feɪlz/
âm, ‘-s’ phiên ‘−le’ circles /ˈsɜːklz/ styles /staɪlz/ ables /ˈeɪblz/
âm là /z/. 3.5. /−m/  /−mz/ ‘−m’ aims /eɪmz/ calms /kaːmz/ skims /skɪmz/
‘−me’ times /taɪmz/ names /neɪmz/ fumes /fjuːmz/
3.6. /−n/  /−nz/ ‘−n’ turns / tɜːnz/ gains /geɪnz/ joins /dʒɔɪnz/
‘−ne’ fines /faɪnz/ phones /fəʊnz/ shines /ʃaɪnz/

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 3.7. /−ŋ/  /− ŋz/ ‘−ng’ hangs /hæŋz/ belongs /bɪˈlɒŋz/ longs /lɒŋz/
3.8. /−r/  /−rz/ ‘−r’ wears /weə(r)z/ roars /rɔː(r)z/ stars /stɑː(r)z/
‘−re’ cures /kjʊə(r)z/ fires /ˈfaɪə(r)z/ cares /keə(r)z/
3.9./−v/  /−vz/ ‘−ve’ dives /daɪvz/ lives /lɪvz / solves /sɒlvz/
3.10. /−ð/  /− ðz/ ‘−the’ breathes /briːðz/ bathes /beɪðz/ mouthes /maʊðz/
3.11. vowel /−...z/ photos/ˈfəʊtəʊz/ ploughs /plaʊz/ plays /pleɪz/
‘−ay,−u,
sounds enjoys /ɪnˈdʒɔɪz/ cries /kraɪz/ glues /ɡluːz/
−ow, −e,
tidies /ˈtaɪdɪ∶z/ orders/ˈɔːdə(r)z/
−oy, −o,
−a, −i, ...’

V. USAGE
1. We use the present simple to talk about regular or habitual events.
We often use some kinds of signs of present simple for this usage.
ADVERBS
 Frequency adverbs:  every + …:
always every day
usually every week
normally/ generally every month
often/ frequently every year
sometimes every spring
occasionally every summer
seldom every autumn
hardly (ever)/ rarely every winter
never every morning
every afternoon
 once a ....  once every ...
once a day once every 3 days
twice a week once every 4 weeks
three times a month once every 5 months
four times a year once every 2 years

POSITION of frequency adverbs

* Subject + be + adverb: * Subject + adverb + main verb:
She is always happy. Daniel always passes his exams.
She is not/ isn’t always happy. Daniel does not/ doesn’t always pass his exams.
Is she always happy. Does Daniel always pass his exams?
Note:
Simple present + whenever + Simple present: bất kỳ nào
- The baby cries whenever he sees the dog.
- Whenever he sees the dog, the baby cries.
Whenever S + V, S + V = When S + V, S + always + V
- The baby always cries when he sees the dog.
- When he sees the dog, the baby always cries.
2. General truths and facts
We use the present simple to talk about general facts that are always true and permanent about the
world or we think are true and permanent at the present time.
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
e.g: ............................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
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....................................................................................................................................................................................

3. We use the present simple to talk about events that are part of a future plan or timetable.
....................................................................................................................................................................................
e.g: ............................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................

IV. Special verbs

1. Compare: ‘HAVE/ HAS (GOT)’ ≠ ‘THERE + BE’
have/ has (got) + noun There + be + noun
to own, hold or possess something to exist; to be present
(chỉ sự sở hữu) (chỉ sự tồn tại)
e.g. I have got a new job. e.g. There's a restaurant near here.
She has got many new friends. There are many new students.
…………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………..
2. ‘CAN’ / ‘CANNOT’ + do
2.1. Used to express possibility. e.g. The baby can fall down.
Dùng để chỉ điều có khả năng xảy ra. ……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..
2.2. Used to express ability in the present or e.g. She can’t speak Spanish.
future. = to be able to do Can he cook?
Dùng để diễn tả năng lực/ ai đó biết làm gì. ……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..

2.3. Usedto request something. e.g. Can you help me with this box?
Dùng trong câu yêu cầu người khác làm điều gì. ……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..

2.4. Usedto ask for or give permission. e.g. Can I use your bike, John?
= be allowed to do We can’t wear jeans at school.
Dùng để xin phép hoặc cho phép. ……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..

2.5. Usedin polite offers or suggestions. e.g. Can I help you with those bags?
Dùng trong câu đề nghị lịch sự hoặc câu gợi ý. We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.
……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..
3. ‘MAY’/
‘MAY NOT’ + do
3.1. Used
to express possibility. e.g. I may see you tomorrow before I leave.
Dùng để chỉ điều có khả năng xảy ra. ……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..

3.2. Used
to ask for or give permission. e.g. May I come in?
Dùng để xin phép hoặc cho phép. Students may not use the lift.
……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..
Note: Compare: ‘CAN’ ≠ ‘MAY’
CAN MAY

Nói về “can” thể hiện những gì người nói tin là một “may” không thể hiện một sự thật nói chung.
khả năng sự thật chung hoặc thực tế đã được biết đến, Người nói chỉ thể hiện một sự việc ít có khả
(possibility) hoặc một khả năng xảy ra cao. năng xảy ra.
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 e.g.: It can be dangerous to cycle in the city. e.g.: It may be dangerous to cycle in the city.

Asking for informal (không trang trọng) more formal / polite (trang trọng, lịch sự)
permission Can I ask you a question? May I use your phone?

Giving less common

You can leave after finishing the work.
permission You may come in if you wish.

4. Compare: ‘MUST’ ≠ ‘HAVE (GOT) TO’

must + do have (got) to + do
Internal obligation: External obligation:
Nói về điều người nói phải làm vì người nói muốn Nói về điều người nói phải làm vì yêu cầu của hoàn cảnh
e.g. I must buy some new clothes. Mine look so old. I’ve got to buy some new clothes. I’m starting a new job
as a teacher and we have to wear formal clothes.
 The obligation is from me to buy new clothes.  The obligation is from the school to buy new clothes.
…………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………..

mustn’t + do don’t/ doesn’t have to + do

= cấm. = phải/ cần phải
e.g. You mustn’t give the card to anyone. e.g. You don’t have to tell anyone. I will email everyone.
You must not tell this to anyone. It’s a secret. We haven’t got to wear a uniform to work.
…………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………..

5. ‘NEED’
‘need’ as a modal verb: need + do ‘need’ as a main verb: need + to do/NP

Affirmative form: S + need + V Affirmative form: S + need(s) + to do/NP

(+ a negative word: no one, nobody, nothing, ...). e.g. They need to tell him the truth.
e.g. Let’s forget about it. No one need know about it My daughter needs some help.

Negative form: S + need not/ needn’t + do Negative form: S + don’t/ doesn’t need to + do/NP
e.g. You needn’t spend a lot of money on presents. e.g. They don’t need to tell him the truth.
My daughter doesn’t need any help.

Interrogative form: Need + S + do? Interrogative form: Do/ Does + S + need to + do?
Answer:  Yes, S + need. Answer:  Yes, S + do/ does.
 No, S + needn’t/ mustn’t.  No, S + don’t/ doesn’t.
e.g. Need I bring a cake? e.g. Do we need to tell him the truth?  No, you don’t.
 No, you needn’t. Does your daughter need any help?  Yes, she does.

Note: need(s) to be done = need(s) + doing (cần được)

My hair needs to be washed. = My hair needs washing.
The car needs to be fixed. = The car needs fixing.

PRONUNCIATION PRACTICE
Choose the word whose word-final “s” is pronounced differently from the three others in each group.
1. A. parents /ˈpeərənts/ B. brothers /brʌðə(r)z/ C. sisters /ˈsɪstə(r)z/ D. kids /kɪdz/

2. A. teachers B. students C. artists D. assistants

3. A. nurses B. plumbers C. engineers D. doctors

4. A. cars B. trucks C. trains D. ferries

5. A. bikes B. boats C. ships D. buses

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6. A. hours B. days C. minutes D. years

7. A. jogs B. jumps C. runs D. climbs

8. A. flies B. walks C. drives D. rides

9. A. talks B. speaks C. reads D. writes

10. A. lends B. borrows C. gets D. gives

11. A. books B. pens C. pencils D. bags

12. A. tables B. chairs C. boards D. lights

13. A. spells B. says C. writes D. words

14. A. animals B. rabbits C. tigers D. lions

15. A. villages B. towns C. cities D. areas

16. A. roads B. powers C. bridges D. buildings

17. A. churches B. temples C. pagodas D. shrines

18. A. schools B. parks C. theatres D. cinemas

19. A. lakes B. ponds C. seas D. rivers

20. A. mountains B. waterfalls C. beaches D. valleys

21. A. lands B. leaves C. arrives D. starts

22. A. oranges B. apples C. lemonades D. cherries

23. A. shoes B. trainers C. boots D. sandals

24. A. jackets B. shirts C. coats D. blouses

25. A. shorts B. jeans C. pants D. trunks

26. A. brushes B. studies C. tides D. dies

27. A. eats B. drinks C. sees D. meets

28. A. arrives B. cries C. hides D. rises

29. A. changes B. advises C. crutches D. shakes

30. A. fries B. boils C. heats D. grills

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