English Grammar Recap

ENGLISH
GRAMMAR
RECAP
PRESENT TENSE BE,
DEMONSTRATIVES,
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES,
PRESENT CONTINOUS, CAN,
PREPOSITIONS
PRESENT TENSE BE
 The verb BE has three forms: AM, IS, ARE,

which we have to use according to the pronoun
or subject.
TO BE
Occupations Nouns Adjectives Places

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Subject Verb Form Example
I AM I am a teacher.
You ARE You are a student.
He IS He is in the lab.
She IS She is my sister.
It IS It is a city.
We ARE We are friends.
They ARE They are doctors.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
I am not I`m not
He He`s not = He isn’t

She is not She’s not = She isn’t
It It’s not = It isn’t
We We’re not = We aren’t
You are not You’re not = You aren’t
They They’re not = They aren’t
YES / NO QUESTIONS
 In English we have two kinds of

questions: Yes/No questions and Wh-
questions.
 The Yes / No Questions are called that
way because the answers always start
with Yes or No
 Remember to answer Yes/No questions
you have to pay attention to the subject.
YES / NO QUESTIONS
Affirmative Statement: John and Peter are students.

Yes / No question: Are John and Peter students?
Short Answers: Yes, they are / No, they aren’t
Full /Complete Yes, they are students. / No they
Answers: are not students.
Affirmative Statement: Mary is tall and thin.
Yes / No question: Is Mary tall and thin?
Short Answers: Yes, she is / No, she isn’t
Full /Complete Yes, she is tall and thin. / No, she
Answers: is not tall and thin
WH - QUESTIONS
 The wh-questions look for information

accoding to the question word.
 In this kind of questions you never answer
Yes or No, because they are asking for
some information. The answer is a
statement with the information according
to the question word.
WH - QUESTIONS
Wh-word Information Example

about…
What Things What is this? It is a book.

Name What is your name? Roberth.
Occupations What do you do? I am a driver.
Activities What is he doing? He’s working
Who People Who is the director of the school?

Carlos Samaniego.
Where Places Where is he? In the house.
How State How are you? I am sad.

Form / manner How is Loja? It is small.
REVIEW
Statement Negative Statements Yes/No Question Short Answers
Yes, you are / No, you are

I am a teacher. I am not a teacher. Am I a teacher?
not
You are a You are not a

Are you a student? I am / No, I am not
student. student.
He is in the lab. He is not in the lab. Is he in the lab? he is / No, he is not
She is my sister. She is not my sister. Is she my sister? she is / No, she is not
It is a city. It is not a city. Is it a city? Yes it is / No, it is not
Yes, we are / No, we are

We are friends. We are not friends. Are we friends?
not
They are doctors. They are not doctors. Are they doctors? they are / No they are not
DEMONSTRATIVES
We use THIS / THESE when the objects are near to the

speaker.
This is a blackboard These are papers
THIS +Singular Nouns THESE + Plural Nouns

DEMONSTRATIVES
We use THAT / THOSE when the objects are far
from the speakers.
That is a lake. THAT + Singular Nouns
Those are mountains THOSE + Plural Nouns

DEMONSTRATIVES
Questions
 What is that?
That is an airplane.
 Is that a bird?
No, it is an airplane.
 What are those?

Those are books
 Are those books?
Yes, they are books.
PLURAL NOUNS
Noun ending Forming the Examples

plural
s, x, ch or sh Add -es boss - bosses
tax - taxes
bush - bushes
consonant + Change y to i fly - flies
y then try - tries
Add –es curry – curries
most others Add -s cat - cats
face - faces
day – days
IRREGULAR PLURAL
Noun type Forming the plural Examples
Ends with -fe Change f to v knife - knives
then life - lives
Add –s wife - wives
Ends with –f Change f to v half - halves
then wolf - wolves
Add –es loaf - loaves
Ends with - o Add –es potato - potatoes
tomato - tomatoes
volcano -
volcanoes
IRREGULAR PLURAL
Noun type Forming the plural Examples
ALL KINDS Change the vowel man - men
or foot - feet
Change the word child - children
or person - people
Add a different tooth - teeth
ending mouse - mice
Unchanging Singular and plural sheep

are the same deer
fish (sometimes)
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
I My
You Your NOUN
He His
She Her +
It Its
We Our
They Their
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Her pants are blue His shirt is new
This is our house This is her cat

POSSESSIVE FORM ‘S
Charlie’s book
Kevin’s wife is is black.
Rose.
His wife is
Rose.
The Child’s mother is happy

PREPOSITION OF PLACE
IN (dentro de) In the house in a shop

In a room in a town
In a car in a garden
ON (sobre una superficie) On a shelf on a wall
On a plate on the table
On a balcony on a door
AT (lugar específico) At the bus station at home

At the door at the top
At work at the end of
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
 The present
continuous tense is Subject BE -ING
used to describe FORM
activities that
happen now, that I Am Singing
means activities He
that are develop in
She Is Singing
the moment of
speaking It
We
You Are Singing
They
PRESENT CONTINOUS
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE YES/NO QUESTIONS

I am dancing I am not dancing Am I dancing?
You are eating You are not eating Are you eating?
He is sleeping He is not sleeping Is he sleeping?
She is reading She not reading Is she reading?
It is running It is not running Is it running?
We are walking We a not walking Are we walking?
They are studying They are not studying Are they studying?
RULES
How to make the -ING

Verb ending in... form Examples
1 vowel + 1 Double the consonant, swim - swimming

consonant then add –ING hit - hitting
get – getting
1 vowel + 1 Remove E, then add – coming
consonant + E- INGcome lose - losing
live – living
[anything else] Add –ING say - saying
go - going
walk - walking
CAN / CAN’T
He can’t play the He can play

They can dance
piano football
 Can is used to show ability
He can swim He can skate

NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS
YES/NO
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS
QUESTIONS
I can cook I can not cook Can I cook? Yes, you can / No,you can´t
You can dance You cannot dance Can you dance? Yes I can / No I can’t
He can play He canot play Can he play? Yes, he can / No, he can`t
She can swim She cannot swim Can she swim? Yes, she can / No, she can’t
It can run It can not run Can it run? Yes, it can / No, it can’t
We can sing We cannot sing Can we sing? Yes, we can / No, we can’t
Yes, they can / No, they
They can walk They canot walk Can they walk ?
can’t

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ENGLISH

 The verb BE has three forms: AM, IS, ARE,

Occupations Nouns Adjectives Places

Subject Verb Form Example

You ARE You are a student.

She IS She is my sister.

We ARE We are friends.

They ARE They are doctors.

I am not I`m not

He He`s not = He isn’t

 In English we have two kinds of

Affirmative Statement: John and Peter are students.

 The wh-questions look for information

Wh-word Information Example

What Things What is this? It is a book.

Who People Who is the director of the school?

Where Places Where is he? In the house.

How State How are you? I am sad.

Statement Negative Statements Yes/No Question Short Answers

Yes, you are / No, you are

You are a You are not a

He is in the lab. He is not in the lab. Is he in the lab? he is / No, he is not

It is a city. It is not a city. Is it a city? Yes it is / No, it is not

Yes, we are / No, we are

We use THIS / THESE when the objects are near to the

This is a blackboard These are papers

THIS +Singular Nouns THESE + Plural Nouns

That is a lake. THAT + Singular Nouns

Those are mountains THOSE + Plural Nouns

 What are those?

Noun ending Forming the Examples

Unchanging Singular and plural sheep

Her pants are blue His shirt is new

This is our house This is her cat

The Child’s mother is happy

IN (dentro de) In the house in a shop

AT (lugar específico) At the bus station at home

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE YES/NO QUESTIONS

He is sleeping He is not sleeping Is he sleeping?

She is reading She not reading Is she reading?

It is running It is not running Is it running?

We are walking We a not walking Are we walking?

How to make the -ING

1 vowel + 1 Double the consonant, swim - swimming

He can’t play the He can play

 Can is used to show ability

He can swim He can skate

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