fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

UNIT 4

SE
MOMENTUM & IMPULSE

BA
p = momentum p = kgms-1
m = mass
momentum p=mv m = kg
v = velocity
v = ms-1

E
RC
F = Force

F=N
Δp = change in
Δ𝑝
force F= momentum p = kgms-1
Δ𝑡
U(Δp= pfinal - pinitial)
t=s
SO
t = time

I = Ns
RE

I = impulse
F = force F=N
t = time
Δp = change in t=s
L

I = FΔt = Δp = mv – mu
impulse momentum
Δp = kgms-1
CE

m = mass
v = final velocity
m = kg
u = initial velocity
EX

v, u = ms-1

momentum horizontal momentum = mvcosθ

ED

in 2D vertical momentum = mvsinθ

1
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

SE
conservation

BA
law of
momentum
in 2
dimension

E
explosion

RC
U
SO
conservation
law of
momentum
RE

in 2
dimension
L
CE
EX
ED

2
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

EK = kinetic energy EK = J
kinetic
Ek = ½ mv2 m = mass m = kg
energy
v = m/s

SE
v = velocity

m1 = mass of object
1 m = kg

BA
m2 = mass of object u = m/s
2
u1 = initial velocity of v = m/s

E
elastic ½ m1u12 + ½ m2u22 = ½ m1v12 + ½ object 1
collision m2v22 u2 = initial velocity of

RC
object 2
v1 = final velocity of
object 1
U v2 = final velocity of
object 2
SO
𝑝
p = mv , v = 𝑚
EK = ½ mv2 EK = kinetic energy
EK = J
RE

relating
𝑝
kinetic Ek = ½ m ( 𝑚 )2
p= momentum p = kgm/s
energy and 2
𝑝
momentum EK = ½ m X 2
𝑚
m =mass m = kg
L

2
𝑝
Ek = 2𝑚
CE

2
𝑝
Ek = 2𝑚
EK = J
EK = kinetic energy
relating p p = 2𝑚 𝑋 𝐸𝑘
EX

p= momentum p = kgm/s
and ℎ
λ= m =mass
de-broglie 𝑝
m = kg
λ = de-broglie
wavelength
wavelength
ED

ℎ
λ= λ=m
2𝑚 𝑋 𝐾𝐸

3
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

CIRCULAR MOTION

SE
Δθ = angular
displacement,or
angle of rotation

BA
Δθ = radians
s = length of the
angular Δ𝑠
Δθ = arc, or the distance s = m
displacement 𝑟
travelled around the
circle r=m

E
RC
r = radius of the
circle
s = length of the
distance
travelled
U
arc,or the distance
travelled around the
circle, s=m
SO
around the
s=2πr circumference of
circle /
the circle r=m
circumference
of the circle
RE

r = radius of the
circle

Δ𝑠 θ =angular
θ= displacement,or
L

𝑟
angular θ = radians
θ=
2π𝑟 angle of rotation
displacement 𝑟
CE

θ=2π

ω = angular velocity ω = rads-1

EX

Δθ =change in Δθ = radians
Δθ 2π
ω= = = 2πf angular
Angular Δ𝑡 Δ𝑡
displacement Δt = seconds (s)
velocity
ED

Δt = time interval f = Hertz (Hz)

f = frequency

4
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

v = ωr

SE
v = m/s
v = linear speed
ω = angular speed
linear speed ω = rads-1
r = radius of orbit

BA
r=m

E
2
𝑣
a=- = - rω2

RC
𝑟
a = centripetal a = ms-2
acceleration
v = ms-1
centripetal
v = linear velocity
acceleration
U
r = radius of orbit
r=m
SO
ω=angular velocity ω = rads-1

a =centripetal a = ms-2
RE

2
𝑣 𝑣
r= ω
,a= 𝑟 acceleration
v = ms-1
centripetal 𝑣
2 v = linear speed
acceleration a= 𝑣 ω = rads-1
L

⍵ = angular speed
ω
CE

a = vω

F = centripetal force
F=N
EX

v = linear velocity
2
𝑚𝑣 v = ms-1
centripetal F= 𝑟
2
= mrω =mvω
force ⍵ = angular speed
ω = rads-1
ED

r= radius of the orbit

r=m

5
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

SE
components
in circular

BA
motion

E
RC
U
SO
vertical
circular
motion
RE
L
CE
EX
ED

6
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

ELECTRIC FIELD

SE
E = electric field
strength E = NC-1

BA
electric field 𝐹
E= F = electrostatic F=N
strength 𝑄
force on the charge
Q=C
Q= charge

E
E = electric field
strength E = Vm-1

RC
V = potential
electric field 𝑣 difference between V=V
E=
strength 𝑑 the plates

U
d = separation
between the plates
d=m
SO
electric field E =
𝑘𝑄
2
E = electric field E=N
(E) produced 𝑟 produced by a point
RE

by a point charge k = 8.99x109 Nm2C-2

charge
k = coulomb’s Q=C
constant
r=m
L

Q = point charge
CE

r = distance away
from the point
charge
EX
ED

7
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

FE = electrostatic
force between two
FE =
𝑘 𝑄1 𝑄2 charges

SE
2
𝑟 F=N
Q1 , Q2 = two point
1
k= 4π ε𝑜
charges Q1 , Q2 = C

BA
electrostatic
therefore, εO = permittivity of r=m
force between
free space
two charges
𝑄1 𝑄2 k = 8.99x109 Nm2C-2
FE =
4π ε𝑜𝑟
2
r = distance

E
between the centre εO = 8.85×10−12 F m−1
of the charges

RC
k = coulomb’s
constant

U
V = electric potential
produced by a point
SO
charge
V = Volt (V)
electric V =
𝑘𝑄 k = coulomb’s
𝑟 k = 8.99x109 Nm2C-2
RE

potential (V) constant

produced by a
V=
𝑄 Q=C
point charge 4π ε𝑜𝑟 Q = point charge
r=m
r = distance away
L

from the point

charge
CE

a = acceleration of a
𝐸𝑄 point charge a = ms-2
a=
EX

𝑚
E = electric field E = NC-1
acceleration of derived from:
a charge
Q = point charge Q=C
ED

F = ma
F = EQ m = mass of point m = kg
charge

8
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

E = energy
transferred E=J

SE
energy
W = work done W=J
transferred /
E or W= QV
work done by
Q = charge Q=C
emf

BA
V = potential V=V
difference
𝑘 𝑄𝑄
W=

E
𝑟
W = work done
derived from:

RC
W=J
k = coulomb’s
W= QV
energy constant
𝑘𝑄
V = 𝑟 Q=C
transferred /
work done by 𝑊 𝑘𝑄 Q = point charge
emf 𝑄
W=
= 𝑟
𝑘 𝑄𝑄 U
r = distance away
k = 8.99x109 Nm2C-2
SO
𝑟
r=m
from the point
charge
RE
L
CE
EX
ED

9
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

CAPACITANCE

SE
C = capacitance
C = Faraday (F)
Q = charge stored

BA
𝑄
capacitance C= Q=C
𝑉 V = potential
difference across
V=V
the capacitor plates

E
E = energy stored

RC
area under the
graph of a Q/V in the capacitor
graph E=J
C = capacitance
energy stored in
the capacitor
E=½QV
UQ = charge stored
C = Faraday (F)

Q=C
SO
V = potential
difference across V=V
the capacitor plates
RE
L

τ = time constant
τ=s
CE

R = resistance of
R = Ω (ohm)
the resistor(Ω)
time constant τ = RC
EX

C = Faraday (F)
C = capacitance of
the capacitor
ED

10
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

V= p.d across the

V=V
capacitor
Vo = initial p.d

SE
VO = V
amount of across the capacitor
potential 𝑡
V = VOe - 𝑅𝐶
t=s
difference t = time

BA
across the e = exponential
R=Ω
capacitor while function
discharging R = resistance of
C = Faraday (F)
the resistor
C = capacitance of

E
the capacitor

RC
𝑡
amount of Q = QOe - 𝑅𝐶 Q = charge Q=C
charge remaining
remaining on the Qo = initial charge QO = C
capacitor after stored
some elapsed
time
U
e = exponential
t=s
SO
function R=Ω
t = elapsed time
R = circuit C = Faraday (F)
resistance
RE

C = capacitance
𝑡
amount of I = IOe - 𝑅𝐶 I = charge remaining I = C
current
L

remaining on the Io = initial charge IO = C

capacitor after stored
CE

some elapsed t=s

time e = exponential
function R=Ω
EX

t = elapsed time C = Faraday (F)

R = circuit
ED

resistance

C = capacitance

11
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

V= p.d across the

capacitor

SE
Vo = initial p.d
across the capacitor
V=V

BA
Vo = p.d after
amount of VO = V
charging
potential
difference 𝑡
t=s
V = VO - VOe - 𝑅𝐶
t = time
across the

E
capacitor while R=Ω
e = exponential
charging
function

RC
C = Faraday (F)
R = resistance of
the resistor

U
C = capacitance of
the capacitor
SO
VT = V1 + V2 + V3
RE

𝑄 𝑄 𝑄 𝑄
capacitor in 𝐶𝑇
= 𝐶1
+ 𝐶2
+ 𝐶3
C = capacitance C = Faraday (F)
series
1 1 1 1
= + +
L

𝐶𝑇 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3
CE

QT = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
EX

CTV = C1V + C2V +

capacitor in
C3V C = capacitance C = Faraday (F)
parallel
CT = C1 + C2 + C3
ED

12
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

MAGNETIC FIELD

B = magnetic flux density

SE
B = Tesla (T)
F =magnetic force on a
magnetic force F=N
current-carrying wire
on a current - F = BIL

BA
carrying wire I=A
I = current
L=m
L = length of the wire

E
F = magnetic force on the
F=N
particle

RC
magnetic force
on an isolated B = T (Tesla)
B = magnetic flux density
moving F = BQv
charged Q=C
Q = charge of the particle
particle
U
v = speed of the particle
v = ms-1
SO
F = magnetic force on the
current-carrying
F=N
conductor
RE

B = magnetic flux density

B = T (Tesla)
magnetic force of external magnetic field
on the I = current in the
F= BIL sin θ I=A
current-carryin conductor
L

g conductor L = length of the

L=m
conductor in the field
CE

θ = angle between the

θ = degree o
conductor and external
flux lines
EX

magnetic force F = magnetic force on the

F=N
when moving particle
B = T (Tesla)
at an angle θ B = magnetic flux density
F = BQvsinθ Q=C
ED

to the Q = charge of the particle

θ = degree o
magnetic field θ = angle to the magnetic
lines field lines

13
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

Φ =magnetic flux
Φ = Webers (Wb)
B = magnetic flux density

SE
magnetic flux Φ = BA B = Tesla (T)
A = cross-sectional area
A = m2

BA
Φ =magnetic flux
Φ = Webers (Wb)
B = magnetic flux density
B = Tesla (T)
magnetic flux

E
A = cross-sectional area
is NOT
A = m2
completely Φ =BAcos(θ)

RC
θ = angle between
perpendicular
magnetic field lines and θ = degree o
to the area A
the line perpendicular to
the plane of the
U
area (often called the
normal line)
SO
Φ = magnetic flux flux linkage = Weber
turns (Wb turns)
N =number of turns of the
RE

magnetic flux Flux linkage = coil Φ = Webers (Wb)

linkage ΦN = BAN
B =c B = Tesla (T)
L

A = cross-sectional area A = m2
CE

ε = induced e.m.f
ε=V
Δ(𝑁Φ)
induced e.m.f ε=
EX

Δ𝑡 Δ(Nɸ) = change in flux

Δ(Nɸ) = Wbturns
linkage
(Faraday’s
Law) Δt = s
Δt = average time interval
ED

14
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

ε = induced e.m.f
ε=V
(Nɸ) = change in flux

SE
𝑑(𝑁Φ)
Lenz’s law ε=− 𝑑𝑡
linkage (Nɸ) = Wbturns

t = time interval t=s

BA
E
RC
U
SO
RE
L
CE
EX
ED

15
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

PARTICLE PHYSICS

V = potential difference

SE
V=V
potential 𝑊 W = energy transferred
V= W=J
difference 𝑄

BA
Q = charge
Q=C

m = kg
m = mass

E
v = ms-1
v = velocity

RC
relating kinetic ½ mv2 = eV
eV = J
energy and
eV = electronvolt =
1.6X10-19

U
SO
F = centripetal force
F=N
m = mass of the particle
m = kg
RE

2
𝑚𝑣
centripetal force F= 𝑟
v = linear velocity of the
particle v = ms-1

r = radius of orbit r=m

L
CE

𝑝 r=m
r= 𝐵𝑞
r = radius of orbit
p = kgms-1
p = momentum of
EX

radius of orbit of derived charged particle

B = T (Tesla)
charged particle from:
in magnetic fiel B = magnetic flux density
q=C
2
ED

𝑚𝑣
𝑟
= Bqv q = charge of particle

16
 fb/insta: Edexcel Resource Base

λ = deBroglie wavelength
λ=m
de Broglie ℎ h =Planck's constant

SE
λ= h = 6.63 × 10−34Js
wavelength 𝑝
p = momentum
p = kgms-1

BA
ΔE = rest mass energy of
the particle ΔE = J
rest mass energy
ΔE = Δm c2 Δm = rest mass of the Δm = kg
of the particle

E
particle
c = ms-1

RC
c = speed of light
E = energy of each
E=J
photon
Ephoton = hf

𝑣
U
h = plank’s constant
h = 6.63X10-34 Js
SO
as f = λ
:
photon energy f = Hz
f = frequency of EM
ℎ𝑐
E= λ λ=m
λ = wavelength of EM
RE

8 c = ms-1
c = speed of light (3X10 )
L
CE
EX
ED

17