Notes on Practice test 29

I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
Vocabulary
1. to pollute st/ to contaminate st gây ô nhiễm
Pollution (n) /contamination (n) sự ô nhiễm (uncountable)
Pollutant (n) chất gây ô nhiễm/ contaminant (n)
Polluted (adj) = contaminated (adj) bị ô nhiễm a heavily polluted river
2. on the global scale trên quy mô toàn cầu
Globe (n) quả cầu
3. to be over the moon = to be on cloud nine = to be very happy
4. to remove st from loại bỏ cái gì ra khỏi/ removal (n) sự loại bỏ
5. to approve of st/doing st= đồng ý/phê chuẩn/phê duyệt cái gì / approval (n) of st
>< to disapprove of st/doing st không đồng ý/ko phê duyệt/phê chuẩn cái gì
6. to impact sb/st = to have an impact on sb/st có tác động/ảnh hưởng lên ai /cái gì
Impactful (adj) có ảnh hưởng/có tác động (his impactful words/encouragement
7. to replace A with B = thay thế A bằng B/ to substitute for A thay thế cho ai
To take the place of A thay thế A
Replacement (n) sự thay thế
8. to strike a balance between A and B đạt được sự cân bằng
To maintain a balance between A and B duy trì sự cân bằng giữa A và B
1. A. pollutant B. environment C. carbon D. global
2. A. moon B. soot C. remove D. approve
3. A. Impact /k/ B. Certain /s/ C. replace D. balance
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
4. A. removal B. atmosphere C. emission D. heat-trapping
5. A. deforestation B. organisation C. Representative 3.4 D. antibiotic
II. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
6. Sea level rise is usually regarded as Viet Nam’s main _______: a one-meter rise
would submerge 40 percent of the country and make millions homeless. A. disaster
B. hope C. destruction D. Concern (sự lo lăng/ mối quan ngại)
9. to regard sb/st as + noun = coi ai/cái gì như là = to consider sb/st as
10. to submerge sb/st nhấn chìm ai/cái gì
To emerge nổi lên
To merge sáp nhập
7. All of the disasters resulted from _______ will continue to have a devastating
effect on socio-economic development. A. floods B. climate change C.
ecological balance D. carbon footprint
11. to result from do tại
To have a devastating effect on sb/st có tác động huỷ diệt lên ai/cái gì
Socio-economic development sự phát triển kinh tế xã họi
12. acute (adj) cấp tính / chronic (adj) mãn tính
Saline intrusion (n) sự xâm ngập mặn
8. The low _______ in the Mekong Delta leads to acute saline intrusion much deeper
than the traditional 30 to 40km of mainland that is contaminated with saltwater.
A. water currents B. sea level C. water level D. salt water
9. Methane is a far more active _______ than carbon dioxide, but also one which is
much less abundant in the atmosphere. A. greenhouse gas B. greenhouse effect
C. climate change D. emission
10. The next dry season will be extremely severe _______ further saltwater intrusion,
water and rain shortages, and heat waves. A. because B. although C. due to
D. thanks to
12. acute (adj) cấp tính / chronic (adj) mãn tính
Saline intrusion (n) sự xâm ngập mặn
13. cụm giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân
Thanks to + st nhờ có
Due to + st do tại
Owing to + st do tại (nghĩa xấu)
Because of/ on account of/ as a result of + st bởi vì
Heat waves (n) hiện tượng quá nóng
14. at risk/ at stake/ in danger/ in jeopardy bị nguy hiểm
11. Viet Nam has been named among the 12 countries most _______ for climate
change by the World Bank.
A. at risk B. at danger C. in risk D. ready
12. Having developed green technologies with low-carbon emissions, _______
intends to get rid of coal.
15. to intend to do st= dự định làm gì / to have intention of doing st = to be intent
on doing st
16. Having Pii….., S + V (S là đối tượng thực hiện “having Pii”
A. the effort B. the possibility C. that country D. the communities
13. _______ trees around the house on the south and west sides, they can save up to
about $250 a year on cooling and heating. A. To plant B. To have planted
C. Having planted D. Being planted
14. We admired the Japanese _______ the city of Fukushima after the disaster.
A. to rebuild B. of having rebuilt C. to being rebuilt D. for having
rebuilt
15. They don’t forget _______ a short vacation in Cuc Phuong National Park last
year.
A. to spend B. having spent C. being spent D. having been
spent
III. Fill in each blank with the correct words below. There are three extra words.
energy-saving atmosphere global warming
carbon emissions
fertilizer man-made carbon footprint
sea level
16. Buying organic food is better for the environment because it uses less _____
fertilizer (phân bón)_____ .
17. The simplest way to reduce your ___ carbon footprint (lượng khí thải carbon)
_______ is to cycle to school.
18. Replace all the light bulbs in your home with ___ energy-saving (tiết kiệm năng
lượng)_______ bulbs.
19. Leaving your DVD player on standby produces the same _ carbon emissions (các
khí thải carbon)
_________ each year as the average person of Burundi.
20. Developed countries are responsible for 80% of the ____man-made______ carbon
dioxide that is already in the atmosphere.
IV. Rewrite the sentences, using a participle clause.
21. I apologised to the instructor and asked if I could try another activity.

Apologizing to the instructor, I asked if I could try another activity.

22. I wasn’t very keen to try mountain climbing as I am afraid of heights.
Being afraid of heights, I wasn’t very keen to try mountain climbing.
_____________________________________________________________________
___________
23. Because I was paid in advance, I felt I had to do something.
S + be + Pii … (câu bị động/ be sẽ chia theo thì của câu gốc/ Pii luôn có)
= Paid in advance, I felt I had to do something
_____________________________________________________________________
___________
24. I made an excuse and ran back towards the main building.
Making an excuse, I ran back towards the main building.
_____________________________________________________________________
___________
25. I decided that outdoor sports were not for me and went home.
Deciding that outdoor sports were not for me, I went home.
_____________________________________________________________________
___________
V. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space
in the following passage.
17. to bring about st gây ra/mang lại cái gì
18. to threaten sb/st with đe doạ ai đó/cái gì bị làm sao
To threaten to do st đe doạ làm gì
19. to leave sb/st + adj khiến cho ai/cái gì bị làm sao
To leave sb + doing st= khiến cho ai phải làm gì
To make sb do st= khiến cho ai phải làm gì = to force sb to do st = to lead sb to
do st
20. to lead to mass internal migration dẫn đến di cư trong nước hàng loạt
21. to do/cause damage/harm/detriment to sb/st gây hại cho ai/cái gì
22. to be home to sb/st = nơi ở/nơi chứa ai/cái gì
23. livelihood = the way of earning a living = sinh kế/kế sinh nhai/cách kiếm sống
24. to hit/strike a place (ảnh hưởng/đổ bộ vào – bão/lũ đổ bộ vào nơi nào)
25. to abandon st từ bỏ/bỏ hoang cái gì
To cultivate st trồng trọt cái gì/ cultivation (n) việc trồng trọt
Viet Nam is listed by the World Bank among the countries most 26 __threatened
________ by rising waters brought about by higher global temperatures. Such a rise
of one meter 27 __could leave________ a third of the Mekong Delta underwater and
lead to mass internal migration (di cư hàng loạt trong nước) and devastation in a
region 28 ___that_______ produces nearly half of Viet Nam's rice.
The vast, humid expanse (khu vực rộng lớn và khí hậu ẩm) of the delta (vùng đồng
bằng) is home to more than 17 million people, who 29 _have relied_________ for
generations on its thousands of river arteries. But rising sea water caused by global
warming is now increasing the salt content (hàm lượng muốn) of the river water and
30
___threatening_______ the livelihoods (kế sinh nhai/sinh kế)of millions of poor
farmers and fishermen. Climate change is 31 __________ the rivers of the Mekong
Delta salty. In Ben Tre, salt water reached as far as 35 miles inland, causing
significant 32 ___damage_______ to crops and livestock (vật nuôi), with rice
production particularly affected. It is said that there are three grams of salt per litre of
fresh water in the rivers now. Gradually, more and more people are affected: 33
____those__ nearest the sea are the most affected now, but soon the whole province
will be 34 ___hit/struck ___ .
The salinity of the water has 35 __reached__ a point where many locals have been
forced to abandon their traditional rice cultivation.
26. A. hurt B. destroyed C. threatened D. changed
27. A. can leave B. could leave C. can result D. could result
28. A. that B. What C. itD. There 29. A. relyB. relies C. has reliedD. have relied
30. A. Threatens B. threaten C. threatening D. Threatened 31. A. turning
B. Making C. causing D. damaging
32. A. damage B. destruction C. disaster D. Loss 33. A. it B. that C. those
D. who
34. A. attacked B. hitC. touched D. Swept 35. A. reached B. come C. Gone D.
become
VI. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each
question.
Global warming and cooling have occurred naturally throughout history. But in the
last 200 years, humans’ uses of fossil fuels and clear cutting of forests have increased
the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere. These gases trap
some of the radiation (bức xạ từ) from the sun which then increases the Earth’s
temperature. Given the current state of environmental pollution caused by human
activities, scientists believe the average temperature of the earth may increase 1 -2
degrees Celsius which put simply, means some places will get much hotter and some
much colder. At the same time, this overall warming effect means more frequent and
more intense (khắc nghiệt) weather systems, especially in terms of (đặc biệt xét đến)
flooding and drought (hạn hán).
Viet Nam is one of the most vulnerable (dễ bị tác động/ảnh hưởng) environments
due to its location on the planet. It is already subject to (thuộc đối tượng gì) some of
the Earth’s most powerful weather systems and the increased frequency and intensity
of storms will affect it often and directly, especially in coastal areas where most
people live.
26. Given + noun/ Given that + clause, + clause (nếu xét đến…., thì…)
Given the current state of environmental pollution caused by human activities,
scientists believe the average temperature of the earth may increase 1 -2 degrees
Celsius
27. to be vulnerable/susceptible/prone to st= dễ bị tác động/ảnh hưởng cái gì
To be subject to st= thuộc đối tượng bị làm sao
28. in terms of st= when it comes to st khi xét đến
29. to make estates as to st thực hiện ước tính
30. agriculture (n) ngành nông nghiệp/ agricultural (adj)
31. to be sensitive to st nhạy cảm với cái gì
Various estimates have been made as to the possible impacts. The most directly
affected sector will be agriculture, which is very sensitive to flooding and the effects
of extreme weather.
Viet Nam has the advantage of coming relatively late into the industrialization,
urbanization, and modernization process. This means it can avoid many of the
mistakes made by wealthier industrial countries. For example, wireless
communication networks can be built from the start rather than installing lines that
can easily be destroyed in extreme weather. Cities can be designed and located in less
vulnerable locations. Climate-friendly building codes (quy chuẩn xây dựng phù hợp
với kiểu thời tiết) and standards can be created that are both more efficient and less
prone to heat stress, wind damage, and flooding. Climate friendly transport systems,
especially public transport, can be adopted.
36. The causes of global warming come from ______.
A. the rise in the radiation from the sun B. human activities that result in pollution
C. the difference in temperatures among regions D. the increase in the average
temperature of the earth
37. All of the following may result in global warming EXCEPT _______.
A. more intense weather systems B. humans’ uses of fossil fuels
C. clear cutting of forests D. the increasing greenhouse gas emissions
38. Coastal areas in Viet Nam are often and directly affected by _______.
A. its vulnerable location on the planet B. subject to the earth’s most powerful
weather systems
C. storms with increased frequency and power D. the overpopulation in coastal areas
39. In preparing for climate change, Viet Nam should take all of the following
measures EXCEPT _______.
32. to take measures to do st= có biện pháp làm gì
A. developing wireless communication networks B. setting climate-friendly building
codes and standards
C. adopting public transport systems D. coming late into the modernization process
40. The word “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. too weak to attack B. safe from danger C. able to be easily hurt
D. easy to take away
Complete each sentence with the correct preposition.
1. They will require car makers to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide ___by_______
30%.
2. The project’s impact ___on_______ the environment should be minimal.
3. You can only achieve success _through (thông qua)_________ hard work.
4. We have added value ____to tăng thêm cái gì cho______ the information by
organising it.
5. The rain didn’t stop us ____from______ enjoying the trip.
6. Recently there has been a rapid increase ____in______ fish farming.
7. They must be prepared to accept the consequences ___of_______ their actions.
8. The use of CFCs was linked __to (liên quan đến)________ the depletion of the
ozone layer.
9. Try to keep a balance __between________ your spending and your earnings.
10. The men came to remove the rubbish ___from_______ the backyard.
11. There is no easy solution ___to_______ this problem. (giải pháp cho cái gì)
12. There has been no sign of progress ___on _______ this issue.
VIII. Write complete sentences about “Water Wise”, using the words / phrases
given in their correct forms. You can add some more necessary words, but you
have to use all the words given.
46. “Water Wise” / organization / which / established / raise awareness / among /
youth / and protect / environment
“Water Wise” is an organization which was established to raise awareness among the
youth and protect the environment.
_____________________________________________________________________
_________
47. it / become / well-known organization / Vietnamese youth / who / encourage /
communities / save water resources
It has become a well-known organization among Vietnamese youth, who encourage
the communities to save water resources.
_____________________________________________________________________
48. “Water Wise” / attract / hundreds / members / join in
“Water Wise” attracts hundreds of members to join in.
49. participants / learn / prevent damage / environment / by / limit / the use / plastic
bags _
Participants learn how to prevent damage to the environment by limiting the use of
plastic bags.
_____________________________________________________________________
_________
50. it / develop / Green School / which / project / establish / network / eco-friendly
schools / throughout Viet Nam

It develops Green School, which is a project to establish a network of eco-friendly

schools throughout Vietnam.
_____________________________________________________________________
____________
Homework
-học từ mới + dịch hiểu bài đọc + làm lại practice test 29
-dịch bài đọc “Global warming and cooling have occurred naturally throughout
history. But in the last 200 years, humans’ uses of fossil fuels and clear cutting of
forests have increased the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the
atmosphere…” vào vở từ vựng
-học thuộc kỹ lại lý thuyết “participle”
-hoàn thành practice test 30 (cô đã phát trên lớp)