6.5 (AI) - Notes

In this unit, you will learn to:
 explain the difference between systems software and application software

 explain what Al means
 describe how Al enables a computer to use information from its surroundings to
produce an output
 evaluate the design of a device or an Al system
 explain how Al works in a range of applications
 explain how Al helps automate the completion of tasks in some industries
 explain how image recognition is used in some Al applications
 describe how an analogue image is converted into digital format
 explain what a binary number is and how it represents different data
 explain what a logic gate is and describe what is meant by Boolean logic
 explain how AND, OR and NOT logic gates work in a circuit.
1. W EEK 22 L ESSON 1
p150-154
Vocabulary (orange words are to be filled into the worksheet directly)

Hardware
Parts of a computer that are physical (you can touch).
e.g. input devices: keyboard, mouse
e.g. output devices: screen, speakers
e.g. storage devices: harddisk drive (HDD), flash drive (SSD)
e.g. processing devices: CPU.
Software
Instructions the computer runs.
Applications software
Software used for general tasks such as work and entertainment .
e.g. Excel, Chrome, Word, Roblox
Systems software
Software that manages / looks after the computer system (both
the hardware and software),
e.g. the operating system, antivirus, system settings.
Utility software
A type of systems software that provide additional tools that
enhance (improve) how the computer can be used.
e.g. antivirus, compression software (winzip), wifi optimiser
software, VPN
Operating system
A type of systems software that:
a) manages the hardware and software resources
e.g.
• connect your bluetooth mouse to the computer.
• connect your device to a printer.
• decide which software will use the processor.
b) provides a user interface.
e.g. Windows, MacOS, Android
User interface
The way that users and computer systems communicate.
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence
A program that can learn from data and experiences , letting it
mimic the way humans think and make decisions.
e.g. understanding speech.
Automate
Working (alone) without human help. e.g. an air conditioning
device uses a temperature sensor to decide when to turn on.
If you've finished the sheet, repeat Question 2 for an AI robot
fruit-picker. (It's a robot on a farm that picks fruit which are
ready to be eaten).
Review
Homework: ensure vocabulary is copied and updated.
Complete the Review sheet if it wasn't done in the lesson, by
18 th Jan morning.
p155-160
Vocabulary
Search engine
A website designed to look for the content on other
websites. e.g google.com
Image recognition
Software that can identify (spot) similarities in lines,
colours, textures and shapes of an image, which is used to
tell what an object in an image is .
e.g. Face ID on phones, recognising faces in passports
Fraud
Deceiving (tricking) someone for financial (money) or
personal gain.
Cookie
A text file that holds small pieces of data about a user.
Do you remember…?
Automate
Working (alone) without human help. e.g. an air conditioning
device uses a temperature sensor to decide when to turn on.
How is AI used on phones?
Filtering out Spam
Image Recognition
(e.g. FaceID, finding items in photos)
Directions:
1. Organise tables into group seating.
2. In your group, assign a leader, who will speak later.
3. Read and discuss the group text.
4. Create TWO examples of how AI could be used in each
area.
Your examples must be DETAILED and explain what/why
the AI helps. e.g…
Games
 You can talk to the AI in the game.
 AI can be used to make a character in the game behave
in a cleverer and more believable way, for example
when you talk to them.
5. The teacher will ask a group member to share your
examples.
When listening to the examples, make notes like the teacher
does.
Review
p160-164
Do now
Do you remember how devices work…?
IN PUT P ROCESSI NG OUT PUT
for AI, this is: for AI, this is: for AI, this is:
The Result
Data Collected Data Processed (decision making)
Q1. In the diagram above, where are sensors used?

[next]
Q2. How would you feel being transported in a car that was
being controlled by AI system?
Q3. How do self-driving cars identify objects in their way and
steer from those objects?
Activity
INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT
for AI, this is: for AI, this is: for AI, this is:
The Result
Data Collected Data Processed (decision making)
What sensor could a farmer use to identify how wet the soil is?
.................................................................................
INPUT PROCESSING
OUTPUT
Water sensor in The amount of
The tap/sprinkler
the soil detects water is analysed turns on (only if
how much water to check if it is needed).
is there. too little.
What type of sensor would a self-driving car use to identify an

object in the way?
What type of sensor could be used to manage air conditioning

in a large building?
Evaluating the design of a computer device or system
Identify the good and bad + Make recommendations
Rabbit R1 AI smart assistant:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hy2r7luwS10
Questions to answer while watching:

• (Features) What can the device do?
• (User friendly) What makes it easy to use?
• (Accessible) Can people with disabilities (tàn tật)
needs use it?
Do you think the device is useful?

What are some issues with the device?
Give one recommendation that would improve the device's
features, user friendliness or acessibility.
p165-170
What resolution is your laptop?
Macs :
Apple menu , then System Settings, then click Displays
Windows :
Open settings, then search for "Advanced display"
Vocabulary
Sensor
A device that is able to gather data from its surroundings to
respond to or record.
Binary
A number system that uses combinations of two digits ( 0 and
1 ) to represent all numbers; it is used to represent data in
computer systems.
Binary digit / Bit
Bit is short for 'binary digit '. A single 0 or a 1 ; the smallest unit
of data.
Digital camera
A camera that stores photos as digital data (bits) .
Analogue camera
A camera that used film to take pictures.
Bitmap graphic
A digital image made using a grid of pixels.
Pixel (from Pic ture El ement)
The smallest unit of a digital image or of a computer screen .
PPI
‘Pixels per inch’; the number of pixels in a square inch of
screen.
Resolution The total number of pixels on a screen.
Vector graphic Digital image made from a series of objects
placed on a computer screen.
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/
1zW7gtqLYvm9spKXg3kPADaBjw-L9F0GC/template/preview
Directions
1a. Open your notebooks.
1b. Copy and complete this diagram describing how analogue
images are made digital.
2a. Open the file Page 168

Bitmap Practice.
2b. Use the key
provided to colour
the bitmap image.
You can swap the

colours if you do
not have the
right ones.
3. Create your own using
Your Bitmap.docx
Make sure you complete the

calculation to show how many
bits you would need to store your
image with a colour depth of two:
( ……. x ……. ) x …….. = ………….
🏆 Challenge
Use a colour key with 3 bits: 000, 001, 010, 011, 100,
101, 110, 111
----- end of lesson 26 Jan (vocab was given) ---------

p171-172
Objective:
Understand that binary digits ( bits ) can represent different
data, such as numbers, characters (text), images, and sounds .
Do now: write this in your notebooks

Vocabulary:
Data type
A particular way in which a computer can store data.
Character
One unit of text: a letter, number or symbol
Processor
A part of a computer that performs calculations and carries
out instructions. (Processing means calculating, thinking or
doing maths.)
Discussion:
Why does everything need to be converted into
binary?
Answer: A computer only understands 1 and 0 as they

represent electrical signals. 1 = On. 0 = Off.
Converting sound into Binary
Look at the sound wave below and record the samples in the table beneath it.
You can only plot a sample exactly at the Time in the table, so use a 'best-fit' approach.
Time 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Sample 9 2
Directions:
1. Write a short message, around 12 characters
long.
2. In your notebooks, convert (translate, 'dịch') it
into binary using the table.
Happy Tet Break! (Weeks 25/26 are holiday)
6-7. W EEK 27 L ESSON 2 / W EEK 28 L ESSON 1
p173-177
Vocabulary
Logic gate
A physical device or circuit that processes one or more input
signals to produce a single output signal.
Boolean value
A data type that has one of two possible values: true or false.
AND gate
A logic gate that accepts two inputs and will output
a 1 (or TRUE) value only if both inputs are a 1.
0 means off. 1 means on
A B A AND B
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
This is a "truth table" for the AND logic gate
OR gate
A logic gate that accepts two inputs and will output
a 1 (or TRUE) value when either of the inputs is a 1.
0 means off. 1 means on
A B A OR B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
This is a "truth table" for the OR logic gate
NOT gate
A logic gate that accepts only one input; the output will
always be the opposite of the input.
A NOT A
0 1
1 0
This is a "truth table" for the NOT logic gate
Logic circuit
A combination of logic gates used to carry out complex operations.
Electronic circuit
A route that electricity can flow around.
Condition
Something that is checked to determine whether it is true or false.
Boolean logic
A form of algebra where all values are reduced to either true or false.
Boolean logic operations
Operations based on the terms AND, OR, NOT.
Task
1) Write a sentence starting with "IF" that has one AND in.
2) Write a sentence starting with "IF" that has one AND and one NOT in.
3) Which of these is correct?
If ( I am tired AND ( I am at home OR I am on a bus ) ) then I will fall asleep.
If ( ( I am tired AND I am at home ) OR I am on a bus ) then I will fall asleep.
4) Write a sentence starting with "IF" that has one AND and one OR in.
Use ( ) to make it clear which part of the sentence belongs to the AND / OR.
CHALLENGE:
5) Write a sentence starting with "IF" that has one AND, one OR and one NOT in.
Use ( ) to make it clear which part of the sentence belongs to the AND / OR.
Warm up – reminder from the last lesson
p177-178
In the future, AI could be used to:

- detect pedestrians in the
roads/crossing roads/on the
footpaths
- detect and prevent crime
- track traffic on the city's roads
- automate a process in a
manufacturing company
- automate a process in the city's
health system
- advertise a typical business
located in the city
- plan journeys for
residents/delivery drivers/ taxis
- automate hotel check-ins/flight
check-ins/supermarkets check-
outs.
AI / Automation / worksheet
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In this unit, you will learn to:

 explain the difference between systems software and application software

Vocabulary (orange words are to be filled into the worksheet directly)

Q1. In the diagram above, where are sensors used?

What type of sensor would a self-driving car use to identify an

What type of sensor could be used to manage air conditioning

Identify the good and bad + Make recommendations

Rabbit R1 AI smart assistant:

Questions to answer while watching:

Do you think the device is useful?

Apple menu , then System Settings, then click Displays

2a. Open the file Page 168

You can swap the

Make sure you complete the

----- end of lesson 26 Jan (vocab was given) ---------

Do now: write this in your notebooks

Answer: A computer only understands 1 and 0 as they

In the future, AI could be used to:

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