Photograpy Cat

KENYA INSTITUTE OF MASS COMMUNICATION
HAPPINESS JELAGAT TANUI

11686
PHOTOGRAPHY
CAT
1.Define the raw
Refers to the unprocessed data captured by the camera’s sensor.
It contains all the information collected by the sensor without any modification or
compression.
(b). explain 5 commands displayed on an open photoshop window.
i. File: this command allows users to manage their photographs including opening,
importing raw images. Saving edited files, exporting files and organizing photography
projects.
ii. Edit: this command provides a range of editing tools and options, allowing the
photographers to adjust and manipulate their images e.g. undo, redo, copy paste as well
as cropping and applying filters
iii. Image: this command is crucial for adjusting the overall appearance of the image.it is
used to modify the size of the image, resolution, colour of the images, adjusting,
brightness, contrast as well as saturation.
iv. Layer: in photoshop layers are fundamental for non-destructive editing.it enables
photographers to create, manage and manipulate layers within their composition.it also
allows for complex editing workflow such as blending multiple images together, applying
adjustment selectively and creating composite image
v. Filter: it is a powerful tool for enhancing and stylizing photographs. Allows users to
access wide range of filter effect such as blurring, sharpening, noise reduction, and
artistic effects.
(c)discuss five exposure factors affecting each of the following
i. Day light shooting-
1.time of the day and the position of the sun
2. weather condition, whether it is gloomy cloud sky or bright sunlight with clear sky
3. shutter speed: faster shutter speed reduces the amount of light entering the camera
which is essential for capturing subjects or preventing overexposure in bright conditions
4. white balance setting for accurate colour representation
5. ISO sensitivity: in daylight lower ISO should be used to maintain image quality and
reduce noise.
ii). night shooting
1. Lighting conditions: ambient light source such as moonlight majorly affect photography.
Understanding the quality and direction of available light sources helps photographer to
adjust exposure setting and compose their shots effectively
2. ISO: increasing ISO sensitivity makes the camera sensor more sensitive to light, allowing
for shorter times in night photography.
3. Aperture: wide aperture allows more light to enter the lens which is beneficial in
low light condition like night time.
4. Shutter speed: night time always require longer exposure time to gather enough light for
a well exposed image hence needs slower shutter speed to allow more light reach the
camera sensor. Subject movement
5. White balance adjustment to manage colour temperature.
(d)compare between
1.fast lens and slow lens
Fast lens ha wide aperture to allow more light to pass through which is good for low lighting
conditions while slow lens has a narrow aperture that limits the amount of light passing through
Fast lens has shallow depth of field while slow lens has a greater depth of field.
1. Speedlight flash and inbuilt flash
Speedlight has higher power output and longer range while inbuilt flash has lower power output
and shorter range.
Speedlight flash has adjustable angles and bounce capabilities while inbuilt flash has fixed
direction and limited adjustability.
Question two
ii)Define the term bracketing.
This is a technique where a series of images are taken at different exposure to ensure capturing
a range of exposures, from underexposed commonly used in High Dynamic Range photography.
Discus five methods of bracketing technique
1.Exposure bracketing
I). auto bracketing: the camera automatically takes a series of shots at different exposure
levels based on user-defines settings or camera preset.
ii)manual bracketing; the photographer manually adjust exposure setting.
between shots to capture a series of images with varied exposure
2.High Dynamic Range (HDR) bracketing
Multiple shots of high contrast scene are captured at different exposure levels later combined
using specialized HDR software to create image with enhanced dynamic range and detail in
both shadows and highlights.
3.Flash bracketing exposure
Involves taking a series of shots with varying flash power setting to ensure proper illumination
of the subject and background.
4.aperture bracketing
Involves changing the aperture setting for each shot while keeping the other constant.
5.white balancing bracketing
Capturing of shot with different white balance setting to cover a range of colour temperature.

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KENYA INSTITUTE OF MASS COMMUNICATION

HAPPINESS JELAGAT TANUI

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