CÁC MẪU CÂU VÀ TỪ NỐI TRONG VIẾT ĐOẠN VĂN

MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC CÂU TRONG VIẾT ĐOẠN VĂN
1. Với phần Opening:

- It is often said that…/Many people claim that…
- In this day and age…/Nowadays…/ These days…
- We live in an age when many of us are…
….is a hotly-debated topic that often divides opinion
…is often discussed yet rarely understood
- It goes without saying that….is one of the most important issues facing us today
- The following ……… takes a look at both sides of the argument
2. Với phần main body paragraph
Để giới thiệu các luận đề chủ đề của các đoạn văn ở phần thân bài (main body paragraph), có thể dùng các cấu
trúc sau để mở đầu các luận điểm, chủ đề của đoạn thân bài:
- Firstly, let us take a look at…./ To start with,…
- First of all, it is worth considering….
Sau đó có thể dùng các từ nối tiếp theo đây để dẫn dắt các luận điểm tiếp theo:
- Secondly,….Thirdly,….
- Furthermore,…./In addition,…/What is more,…/On top of that,….
- Another point worth noting is…/ Another factor to consider is….
- Lastly,…/Finally,…./ Last but not least…
3. Trình bày ý tưởng và đưa ví dụ
Để đưa ra ý kiến, quan điểm của mình có thể sử dụng các mẫu câu sau:
- When it comes to + noun/gerund …
- In terms of noun/gerund …
- With respect to noun/gerund…
- Not only….but also…..
Và để đưa ra các dẫn chứng, các ví dụ để minh họa cho các quan điểm của mình, có thể sử dụng các cấu trúc sau
để dẫn dắt:
- According to experts,….
- Research has found that…..
- There are those who argue that….
- For instance …. / For example…../such as
4. Đưa ra kết quả và nguyên nhân
Để giải thích cho các luận điểm đã nhắc tới ở phần mở của các đoạn main body paragraph cũng như các kết quả
để làm cho bài văn của thêm logic, dài và chi tiết hơn, có thể tham khảo các mẫu câu sau để dẫn dắt:
- As a result, …./As a result of….
- ….has led to…/ …has resulted in ….
- Consequently, …./ Therefore,….
- On account of …/ Due to….
- One reason behind this is….
5. Thể hiện sự đối lập
Để thể hiện sự đối lập trong các ý trả lời của mình, có thể tham khảo các mẫu câu sau để bắt đầu:
- Although/ Even though subject + verb,….
- Despite/ In spite of + noun/gerund,….
- Despite the fact that subject + verb,….
- On the one hand….. on the other hand….
- However, …./ Nevertheless,…./ Even so ….
6. Nêu quan điểm
Để nêu quan điểm của mình trong bài, có thể tham khảo các cấu trúc câu sau để giới thiệu quan điểm của mình:
- As far as I’m concerned, …..
- From my point of view,….
- In my opinion, ….
1
- Personally speaking,….
- My own view on the matter is …..
7. Kết luận
Để kết luận bài làm của mình, có thể sử dụng một số gợi ý sau cho phần Conclusion của mình:
- To sum up, …./ In conclusion, ……
- All things considered, …….
- Taking everything into consideration, …..
- Weighing up both sides of the argument,….
- The advantages of …. outweigh the disadvantages…..
LINKINK WORDS
Linking words Notes

Giving examples: for example or for instance: ví dụ như
For example
For instance Namely refers to something by name. "There are two problems: namely, the expense and the time."
Namely
Adding Và, hơn nữa, thêm vào đó, cũng, bên cạnh, vả lại…
information
In a list, you put a comma between each item, but not before and.
And
In addition Ex: "We discussed training, education and the budget."
As well as
Also Also: add an extra idea or emphasis.
Too
Furthermore Ex: "We also spoke about marketing." + "We are concerned not only by the costs, but also
Moreover by the competition."
Apart from
In addition to We don't usually start a sentence with also. If you want to start a sentence with a phrase that
Besides means also, you can use In addition, or In addition to this…
As well as: at the beginning or the middle of a sentence.
"As well as the costs, we are concerned by the competition." + "We are interested in costs
as well as the competition."
Too goes either at the end of the sentence, or after the subject and means as well.
Ex: "They were concerned too." + "I, too, was concerned."
Apart from and besides are often used to mean as well as, or in addition to.
Ex: "Apart from Rover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer." + "Besides Rover, we
are the largest sports car manufacturer."
Moreover and furthermore:
Ex: "Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market. Moreover, they tell us about the competition."
2
Summarising Tóm lại, nói chung,
In short His novels belong to a great but vanished age. They are, in short, old-fashioned.
In brief
In summary In brief, the meeting was a disaster.
To summarise
In a nutshell And so I would say, in summary, that the campaign has been a great success or And so in
To conclude summary, I would say that the campaign has been a great success
In conclusion
Sequencing ideas Đầu tiên, kế đến, sau đó, cuối cùng,
The former, … the "Marketing and finance are both covered in the course. The former is studied in the first
latter term and the latter is studied in the final term."
Firstly, secondly,
finally Firstly, … secondly, … finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas.
The first point is
Lastly It's rare to use "fourthly", or "fifthly". Instead, try the first point, the second point, the third
The following point and so on.
Next, then, after
that…. “After a long delay, finally, the performance started” + "The following people have been chosen to go on
the training course: N Peters, C Jones and A Owen."
Giving a reason Bởi vì, tại vì
Due to / due to the Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun phrase. Ex: "Due to the rise in oil prices,
fact that the inflation rate rose by 1.25%." + "Owing to the demand, we are unable to supply all
Owing to / owing to items within 2 weeks."
the fact that
Because With a clause (a subject, verb and object), must use the fact that. Ex: "Due to the fact that
Because of oil prices have risen, the inflation rate has gone up by 1%25." + "Owing to the fact that the
Since workers have gone on strike, the company has been unable to fulfil all its orders."
As
Because / because of.
Because of: a noun, or a noun phrase. Ex: "Because of bad weather, the football match
was postponed."
Because: a clause. Ex: "Because it was raining, the match was postponed." + Since / as
Since and as mean because. Ex: "Since the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff." + "As the
company is expanding, we need to hire more staff."
Giving a result Vì thế, do đó, kết quả là……..
Therefore Therefore, so, consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way. Ex: "The
So, hence company is expanding. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result, they are taking on
Consequently extra staff."
This means that
As a result So is more informal. Ex: the shops were closed, so I didn't get any milk
Contrasting ideas Nhưng, tuy nhiên, mặc dù….
3
But
However But is more informal than however. Ex: "He works hard, but he doesn't earn much."
Although / even "He works hard. However, he doesn't earn much."
though
Despite / despite Although, despite and in spite of : contrast. Ex: "Although it was cold, she went out in
(the fact that) shorts."
In spite of / in spite "In spite of the cold, she went out in shorts."
of (the fact that)
Nevertheless Despite and in spite of: a noun phrase. Ex: "Despite the fact that the company was doing
Nonetheless badly, they took on extra employees." Although: a clause
While
Whereas Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway. Ex: "The sea was cold, but
Unlike he went swimming nevertheless." (In spite of the fact that it was cold.)
In theory… in "The company is doing well. Nonetheless, they aren't going to expand this year."
practice…
While, whereas and unlike: show how two things are different from each other. Ex:
Yet "While my sister has blue eyes, mine are brown." + "Taxes have gone up, whereas social
security contributions have gone down." + "Unlike in the UK, the USA has cheap petrol."
In theory… in practice…: show an unexpected result. Ex: "In theory, teachers should prepare for
lessons, but in practice, they often don't have enough time."

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MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC CÂU TRONG VIẾT ĐOẠN VĂN

1. Với phần Opening:

Linking words Notes

As well as: at the beginning or the middle of a sentence.

Ex: "They were concerned too." + "I, too, was concerned."

Moreover and furthermore:

Contrasting ideas Nhưng, tuy nhiên, mặc dù….

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